EarthWise System Seminar

EarthWise System Seminar Tim Gasper, P.E. Solutions Engineer Brady-Trane Services, Inc.

EarthWise Systems? Energy Efficiency Emissions

Buildings use 39% of the Primary Energy Consumed in the United States

U.S. Buildings = 9.8 percent of Total Global CO ² Emissions

Number of EarthWise Systems Chilled water/vav systems Low flow, low temperature high efficiency systems What do they do? How do they do it? Why use them?

Low Flow, Low Temperature, High Efficiency Systems +/-$ air handlers +/-$ ~/ $ ductwork controls +/-$ ~/ $ piping +/-$ chillers

How? Supply temperature Flow rates Fans Ductwork Temperature differential Pump Piping

Why Use LLH Systems? Good for business Offers the potential to lower first cost and/or operating cost while enhancing comfort, IAQ, and acoustics Environmentally responsible Reduced utility generated greenhouse gas emissions Uses less natural resources Ideal for use in Health care, institutional, governmental, office building, education Other markets where VAV systems are used

Chilled Water/VAV Systems

Chilled Water/VAV Systems 100 95 % of HVAC energy consumption 90 85 80 75 70 65 LEED EAc1 Atlanta Minneapolis Los Angeles Denver Philadelphia Portland 60 Conventional System 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Trane EarthWise System 83% 93% 70% 83% 89% 80%

Chilled Water/VAV Systems 1970 s 2007 18% 9% 31% 73% 17% 51% Chiller Cooling tower Water pumps

History of Chiller Performance Chiller efficiency, COP 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 Centrifugal >600 tons Screw 150-300 tons Scroll <100 tons Reciprocating <150 tons 0.0 1977 1980 1989 1999 ASHRAE Standard 90.1 best available

Cool More or Pump More? Pump efficiency 70% COP 0.7 Chiller COP 7.0 Chiller COP 10x the pump COP Conclusion work your most efficient equipment harder

chilled water plant design... Old rules of thumb 44 F chilled water supply 10 F delta T across the evaporator - that s at 2.4 GPM/ton 10 F delta T across the condenser - that s at 3.0 GPM/ton

chilled water plant design... New rules of thumb 38-41 F chilled water supply 16-18F delta T across the evaporator - 1.5 GPM/ton 15 F delta T across the condenser - 2.0 GPM/ton Potentially downsized the cooling tower

Show Me the Impact Cooling towers Cooling coils Pumps Chillers Air handlers Controls

waterside example Cooling Tower Performance (800 tons) 95/85/78 2400 GPM 10 F range 7 F approach 40 hp 32 kw 98/83/78 1600 GPM 15 F range 5 F approach 40 hp 32 kw

waterside example Cooling Tower: Size?, Cost? 95/85/78 2400 GPM 10 F range 7 F approach 40 hp 32 kw 98/83/78 1600 GPM 15 F range 5 F approach 40 hp 32 kw 100/85/78 1600 GPM 15 F range 7 F approach 30 hp 24 kw Same Tower Smaller Tower

lessons learned Cooling Tower Performance!Tower water should be hot! Towers should use inverters!

Cooling Coil MBH WTR GPM/Ton EWT LWT GPM 504 10 F 2.4 44 F 54 F 101 504 16 F 1.5 41 F 57 F 63.0 GPM reduction of 37.5%

Chilled Water Pump (800 tons) Flow rate 1920 gpm Pump head 110 feet Pump efficiency 80 pct Motor efficiency 95 pct Pump power 52 kw 1200 gpm 49 feet 80 pct 95 pct 16 kw In this installation: a 37.5% reduction in flow = nearly 70% reduction in chilled water pumping energy consumption

lessons learned: Cooling Cool Performance!Chilled water should be cold!

waterside example Chiller Energy (800 tons) Capacity 800 tons LWT 44 F Power 464 kw LWT 41 F Power 490 kw

waterside example System Power (Chilled Water) Low delta T Low flow Chiller 464 kw 490 kw +26 kw CHW pump 52 kw 16 kw -36 kw Total 516 kw 506 kw -10 kw

lessons learned Chiller Performance!Chillers should be efficient! Factory witness tested

How can we eliminate the 26 kw penalty? Ideal for use with variable primary flow: series chillers

variable primary flow systems Three Key Application Requirements: Chillers must be able to accommodate Change of flow of at least 10% per minute 30% or even 50% is even better Minimum and maximum flows Must not be violated! Bypass is required Maintain minimum flow

Ideal application for Free Cooling Series Chillers

For Air-Cooled Screws: Series air-cooled chillers are more efficient at 41 F LWT than parallel chillers are at 44 F LWT

thermal storage ideal for: Low Flow, Low Temp Systems Reduce first cost Lower first cost on air cooled jobs Key is partial ice storage If not lower you likely have too much ice

Airside: What is different? Supply air Room setpoint Airside delta T Interior zone SAT Common practice 55 F 75 F 20 F 55 F Low air temp.system 45 48 F 77 F 32 F 55 60 F Lowers the required air flow by 30-40%

air handler options Fan Room Floor Area 10x

Air Handler Options Supply Coil Fan discharge Coil face Fan Air CFM area velocity velocity hp 55 F 18,750 34.1 2514 550 17.8 45 F 11,360 20.8 2225 546 12.8 45 F 11,360 24.4 1803 466 9.6

EarthWise airside system for floor-by-floor applications CDQ OA CA OA EA OA EA RA SA to occupied space EQc1 EA MA Ventilation Reset ASHRAE 62 Fan Optimization ASHRAE 90.1 RA SA to occupied space EA Floor by Floor Pressurization MA Fan Optimization

EarthWise airside system for floor-by-floor applications CA EA EA RA MA SA to occupied space EQc1 EA Ventilation Reset ASHRAE 62 Fan Pressure Optimization ASHRAE 90.1 RA MA SA to occupied space EA Floor by Floor Pressurization Fan Optimization

Yeah, but. Cold downdrafts Condensation

three keys to Eliminating Cold Downdrafts Parallel fan-powered units on the perimeter Cooling-only boxes on the interior Both with linear slot aspirating diffusers...

Linear Slot Diffuser vs. Typical

Linear Slot Diffuser vs. Typical

Linear Slot Diffuser vs. Typical

Linear Slot Diffuser vs. Typical

What about Condensation? Cold surfaces must be kept inside the humidity controlled envelope Night set back and morning pull down controlled off of interior dew point sensor Positive building pressure is critical for no condensation and IAQ Install a vapor barrier with reasonable construction Design the P traps and pitch the condensate drains correctly LEED - WEc1.2

For more information: This document covers these key points: Provide a good moisture barrier around controlled spaces Put indoor HVAC equipment inside the controlled spaces Actively control the space dew point to manage moisture

Downdrafts and Condensation Bad News Good News

Optimized Controls

Fan Pressure Optimization

Fan Pressure Optimization

Pump Pressure Optimization

next generation VAV box control Capabilities That Are Available Today!! Wireless zone sensors Auto-commissioning Auto-calibration

Wireless Zone Sensors Reduce installed cost Lower risk Ability to handle churn

Auto-Commissioning Do you remember? Retro-commissioning Why not automatically?

Auto-Calibration Automatically calibrates the flow transducer, air valve, and hot-water valve Calibration occurs on the transition to unoccupied The calibration can also be scheduled Necessary for 24/7 applications

Graphical Interface Floor Plan

Floor Plan

Chiller-Water VAV Systems

Chiller-Water VAV Systems

Yeah but, show me the money!

New Construction Project J. D. Edwards, Denver, CO Owner occupied office campus Each building 190,000 sq. ft

Owner Focus: Reliability and Cost Job specifics: 2 chillers at 250 tons each 7 size 40 AHUs, one per floor 240 fan-powered VAV boxes

Waterside Installed Cost Component 18 F T 10 F T Difference labor $26,639 $31,649 ($ 5,011) pipe and fitting $54,711 $88,177 ($33,466) valves/special $22,448 $36,977 ($14,529) insulation $ 5,888 $ 7,038 ($ 1,150) pumps $ 3,091 $ 4,519 ($ 1,428) chillers $ 2,760* cooling towers ($ 1,280) electrical ($ 460) total ($57,324) or $.30/sq. ft.

Airside Installed Cost Item 45 F cost 55 F cost Difference labor $167,956 $174,715 ($6,759) AHUs $180,343 $208,520 ($28,176) VAVs $158,374 $165,242 ($6,868) sheet metal $ 70,095 $ 86,456 ($16,362) sub total $576,768 $634,932 ($58,164) electrical ($5,950) total ($64,114) or $.34/sq. ft.

Total System Installed Cost Item 45 F cost 55 F cost Difference airside $576,768 $634,932 ($ 58,164) wetside $111,497 $168,361 ($ 56,864) subtotals $688,265 $803,293 ($115,028 electrical (airside) ($ 5,950) electrical (wetside) ($ 460) total ($121,438) or.64/sq. ft.

Annual Energy Savings JD Edwards/First Cost Focus Component Dollars per ft 2 supply fans chillers FVAV boxes pumps reheat with reset total $11,000 (890) (1,940) 1,170 (3,700) 6.8 (0.5) (1.2) 0.7 (2.2) 3.6 or 4%

What if Increased Energy Savings was Required? Component Dollars per ft 2 supply fans pumps FVAV boxes reheat with reset Chillers ($30,000) Controls ($20,000) Total (still $71,000 savings) $11,000 1,170 (1,940) (3,700) 9,000 6,500 6.8 0.7 (1.2) (2.2) 4.7 3.4 12.2 or 13.5%

What Did We Say Regarding Low Flow, Low Temperature, High Efficiency Systems? What they do? How they do it? Why use them? Energy Efficiency Emissions

Questions or Comments?

Trane CDQ

CDQ Markets Space requirements 35 to 55% RH High air changes/hr Unit requirements 35 F to 45 F DP supply air Cold (not neutral) SA dry bulb Mixed air or dedicated outdoor air configurations Applications Laboratories Hospitals Operating rooms Pharmacies Laboratories Dry storage Rare books Archives, warehouses Museums Industrial facilities Humidity-sensitive comfort applications

how it works CDQ Desiccant Wheel high typical mixed-air conditions typical leaving-coil conditions ability to hold water vapor low Type III (CDQ) 0 20 40 60 80 100 relative humidity, %

Cool, Dry, Quiet (CDQ ) OA 75 F DB 63 F DP MA' 80 F DB 60 F DP MA RA CA water vapor 50 F DB 49 F DP 55 F DB 43 F DP cooling coil Trane CDQ desiccant wheel SA

OA 100 F DB 74 F WB RA 62 F DB 50% RH MA MA' CA SA 80 F DB 53.5 F DP 76 F DB 58.5 F DP 51 F DB 49 F DP 55 F DB 42 F DP 30 CA 50 40 CA reheat 60 70 wet-bulb temperature, F SA RA 80 MA' CDQ requires: less cooling tons no reheat warmer coil temp than cool + reheat MA OA 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 humidity ratio, grains/lb of dry air 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 dry-bulb temperature, F 110 Trane CDQ system (surgery room)

Portland, Maine Franklin Memorial Hospital New hospital surgical wing "It s refreshing and rewarding to get the testimonials from the doctors. I ve talked to perhaps ten of the OR doctors who have stopped me in the halls to say they love the new system because it keeps them so comfortable. Don Garrison, chief of facility management excerpt from Trane case study, CASE-SLX133-EN

Trane CDQ System Central air handlers M-Series Climate Changer T-Series Climate Changer Custom Climate Changer

Trane CDQ System OA Packaged rooftops CDQ curb for Precedent and Voyager rooftops (3-20 tons) RA SA

Trane CDQ Summary CDQ extends application of mechanical (vapor-compression) cooling equipment Lowers achievable dew point by 5-10 F Uses less energy than cooling plus reheat Less cooling tons, no reheat, warmer coil temperature CDQ is NOT exhaust-air energy recovery Does not require a separate exhaust air stream

Questions or Comments?