FINAL PROJECT REPORT Projet Title: MSU herry rootstoks: Pre-ommeriliztion PI: Amy Iezzoni Co-PI (2): Mtt Whiting Orgniztion: Mih. Stte Univ. Orgniztion: Wsh. Stte Univ. Telephone: (17) 33-391 Telephone: (9) 786-926 Emil: iezzoni@msu.eu Emil: mwhiting@wsu.eu Aress: Dept. of Hortiulture Aress: IAREC Aress 2: Plnt & Soil Si. Blg. Aress 2: 2416 N. Bunn R. City/Stte/Zip: Est Lnsing, MI 48823 City/Stte/Zip: Prosser, WA 993 Co-PI (3): Tom Auvil Co-PI (4): Lynn Long Orgniztion: WTFRC. Orgniztion: Oregon Stte Univ. Telephone: (9) 66-8271 Telephone: (41) 296-494 Emil: uvil@treefruitreserh.om Emil: lynn.long@oregonstte.eu Aress: 1719 Springwter Ave. Aress: 4 E. Seni Dr. #2.278 City/Stte/Zip: Wenthee, WA 9881 City/Stte/Zip: The Dlles, OR 978 Coopertors: To Einhorn, Tim Dhle Other funing soures Ageny Nme: Mihign Eonomi Development Corportion Amount wre: $6,984 Notes: Funing ws otine to optimize the DNA ignosti tests for ommeril servie proviers. Totl Projet Funing: $134,84 Buget History: Summe over ugets for MSU, WSU, OSU, n the WTFRC Item Yer 1: 214 Yer 2: 21 Yer 3: 216 Slries $23,39 $ 1,844 $12,86 Benefits $ 6,391 $ 3,44 $ 3,8 Wges Benefits Equipment Supplies $1,9 $ 12, $, Trvel $, $ 7,4 $ 9,4 Plot Fees $ 2, $ 1,34 $ 66 Misellneous $ 11,8 $ 18,344 $ 1 Totl $,4 $3,63 $31,291 Inluing plot estlishment items Inluing liner n tree ost
ORIGINAL OBJECTIVES RECAP: 1. Compre the performne of the MSU herry rootstoks to urrently ville sweet herry rootstoks using intensive herry proution systems. A. 29 plnting of Bing on MSU herry rootstoks (remove fter 214 seson). B. 21 plnting of 3 replite rootstok trils eh ontining 4 MSU herry rootstoks n pproprite hek rootstok ultivrs with sion ultivrs Erly Roin, Regin, n Sweethert. C. 216 plnting of three smll replite rootstok trils longsie the 21 trils to evlute the th MSU herry rootstok. 2. Collorte with ommeril nurseries in liner n finishe tree proution to etermine the nursery performne of the MSU herry rootstoks. 3. Collorte with the CPCNW-FT n ooperting nurseries to insure MSU herry rootstoks re ville s ertifie virus teste n genetilly verifie. SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS: (ullets y ojetive) 1.A. Five MSU herry rootstoks proue wrf preoious sweet herry trees with Bing sion se on six yers of evlution of the trees plnte t the WSU-Prosser Roz Sttion in spring 29. These five rootstoks, whih re nme fter Mihign ounties, re Clinton, Css, Clre, Lke n Crwfor. The trees proue were signifintly smller thn Gisel 6 (Gi6) ut of similr size to Gisel (Gi) mesure s trunk ross-setionl re (TCSA). 1.A. In 214, Bing fruit mturity te iffere mong the seven rootstoks teste t the Prosser plot with Css, Clre n Lke ripening he of Clinton, Crwfor, Gi n Gi6. 1.A. In 214, ll five of the MSU nite rootstoks h yiel effiienies (kg fruit/m 2 ) tht were higher thn tht of Gi n Gi6. However, the fruit size for Crwfor ws signifintly less thn tht for Gi ue to the high rop lo on Crwfor ompre to Gi n insuffiient thinning of Crwfor. These results suggest tht prouing lrge fruit is possile on the MSU rootstoks given the proper trining system n rop lo justments. The plntings estlishe in 21 n 216 n to e estlishe in 217, will ress these mngement systems n inlue wie rnge of sion ultivrs. 1.B. Three plots were plnte in 21 to ompre four MSU rootstoks (Css, Clre, Clinton, n Lke) with the Gisel ( n 6) n Krymsk rootstoks using intensive orhr systems with Regin, Erly Roin n Sweethert sions. The plots re in The Dlles, Mttw, n Est Wenthee. 1.B. Aross ll three sions n lotions, in generl, the MSU rootstoks Css n Clre re the smllest trees followe y Lke n then Clinton. 1.C. Crwfor ws not inlue in the 21 plntings s it ws elye eing relese from the CPCNW-FT n then there ws ely in liner proution. Three smller plots ompring Crwfor with the most similr rootstoks, Clinton n Gi, re on trk to e plnte in spring 217. 2. The five MSU rootstoks performe well in liner n finishe tree proution t ommeril nurseries; therefore, no nursery rriers to ommeriliztion were ientifie. 3. Virus ertifition of ll five MSU rootstoks ws omplete y the CPCNW-FT. 3. Certifie uwoo of ll MSU rootstoks ws sent to nine ommeril nurseries, followe y experimentl proution of liners n finishe trees. DNA testing of the MSU rootstoks ws one t ritil stges in uwoo trnsfer n liner n tree proution. To te, DNA testing hs verifie the trueness-to-type of the stok plnts t the nurseries n the trees for the 21, 216 n 217 plntings.
TCSA (m2) RESULTS & DISCUSSION: 1. Compre the performne of the MSU herry rootstoks to urrently ville sweet herry rootstoks using intensive herry proution systems. A. 29 plnting of Bing on MSU herry rootstoks (remove fter the 214 seson) This plot t WSU-Prosser Roz Sttion ompre ll MSU herry rootstoks n Gi n Gi6. It ws plnte in 29 n remove fter the 214 seson. Trees were spe t 8 ft 1 ft in five-tree replites n trine to multiple leer rhiteture. All five MSU rootstoks proue Bing trees signifintly smller thn Gi6 ut similr size to Gi mesure s trunk ross-setionl re (TCSA), exept Clre whih proue trees signifintly smller thn Gi (Fig. 1). In 214, Bing fruit hrvest te iffere mong the seven rootstoks teste t the Prosser plot with Css, Clre n Lke, ripening he of Clinton, Crwfor, Gi n Gi6 (Tle 1). The four y spre in hrvest tes woul likely hve een more pronoune in ooler June s the tempertures t Prosser were n verge of F ove norml n June 19 h mximum temperture of 8.7 F. In 214, ll five of the MSU nite rootstoks h yiel effiienies (kg fruit/m 2 ) tht were higher thn tht of Gi n Gi6. However, fruit size for Crwfor ws signifintly less thn tht for Gi. This ws ue to the high rop lo on Crwfor ompre to Gi, where fruit thinning ws not suffiient. These results suggest tht prouing lrge fruit is possile on the MSU rootstoks given the pproprite intensive trining systems n rop lo justments require for these wrf preoious rootstoks. A series of itionl plntings (Oj. 1B n 1C) were esigne to ress these mngement systems. Fig. 1. Trunk ross-setionl re (TCSA; m 2 ) of Bing trees grfte on MSU rootstoks, Gi, n Gi6 for trees plnte in 29 t the WSU-Prosser. Boxes represent growth over one seson. TCSA mesurements in 214 were tken on June 16. Brs represent stnr error of the mens for 214 TCSA. 18 16 14 12 1 1 214 213 212 211 21 29 8 6 4 2 Gi6 CLINTON Gi CRAWFORD CASS LAKE CLARE 1 Mens tht re signifintly ifferent for 214 TCSA (P <.) re enote y ifferent letters.
Tle 1. Yer 214 verge tree yiel, yiel effiieny, fruit weight n men row size, for Bing grown on five MSU rootstoks 1. Rootstok seletion Hrvest te (June) Averge Tree Yiel (l) Averge Tree Yiel (kg) Yiel effiieny (kg/m 2 ) Fruit weight (g) Men row size Gi 2 th 23.4 1.7.1 1.4 1. Gi6 2 th 26.2 11.9.7 1.3 1.3 CASS 16 th 32.7 14.9.16 8.9 1.6 CLARE 16 th 2.1 11.4.16 9.3 1. CLINTON 2 th 28.8 13.1.13 9.8 1. CRAWFORD 2 th 33.2 1.1.17 8.7 1.9 LAKE 16 th 23.9 1.9.13 9.2 1.6 1 Mens tht re signifintly ifferent (P <.) re enote y ifferent letters. B. 21 plnting of 3 replite rootstok trils eh ontining 4 MSU herry rootstoks n pproprite hek rootstok ultivrs with sion ultivrs Erly Roin, Regin, n Sweethert. Plot esriptions: For the 21 plnting, Css, Clre, Clinton n Lke liners were ue with three sions: Erly Roin, Regin n Sweethert t Willow Drive Nursery, Cmeron Nursery n Willow Drive Nursery, respetively, long with Gisel n Krymsk rootstoks s ontrols (Tle 2). The plots were plnte in The Dlles (hoste y Tim Dhle), Mttw (hoste y Wsh. Fruit n Proue), n Est Wenthee (hoste y MDougll & Sons) using rnge of tree spings n trining systems (Tle 2). Of the 22 sion/rootstok omintions neee for the 21 plnting, only the omintion Regin /Css ws not inlue t one site (Est Wenthee) ue to low tree numers. Tle 2. Summry of rootstok plntings me in spring 21 t three lotions: The Dlles (TD), Ore., Mttw (MA) & Est Wenthee (EW), Wsh. Sion ultivrs Regin, Erly Roin, Sweethert MSU rootstoks Css, Clre, Clinton n Lke Control rootstoks Gi, Gi6, Krymsk 6 (Sweethert), Krymsk (Regin, Erly Roin) Pollintors Cheln (Erly Roin), Sm (Regin) Replition 2 trees per eh sion/rootstok omintion (four tree replitions) Trining system: TD Sweethert n Erly Roin trees were hee to estlish ush system. Regin trees were trine to steep leer system. Trining system: MA Two nrrow rows on 4 wire Angle nopy trellis Trining system: EW Super Slener Axe, 2 very nrrow rows on 4 wire ngle nopy trellis Within row sping: TD 8 ft Within row sping: 3 ft (Gi6), 2. ft (K, K6, Clinton), 2ft (Css, Lke, Clre) MA Within row sping: 4 ft (Gi6, K, K6, Clinton), 2 ft (Css, Lke, Clre) EW Regin /Css ws not inlue t Est Wenthee ue to insuffiient tree numers. Wires 2.3 (.7m) prt vertilly
Tree survivl: On verge the tree sizes on the MSU rootstoks t plnting were smller thn tht for trees on the Krymsk n Gisel rootstoks (Figs. 2, 3, n 4). The reue size ws espeilly pronoune for the Regin trees. Overll, the poorest yer 1 survivl ws for trees on Css followe y Clinton suggesting tht these trees re slower in reovering from trnsplnt stress (t not presente). Aitionl trees of Regin on Css hve een propgte for 217 plnting llowing seon evlution for this omintion, s the trees plnte in 21 were very smll (men TCSA of.7 m 2 ) ompre to trees on the other rootstoks n there were insuffiient trees for the Est Wenthee plnting. No trees ie in 216. Tree growth: For the plnting t The Dlles, the Regin n Sweethert trees on the four MSU rootstoks (Css, Clre, Lke n Clinton) were in generl signifintly smller (mesure s TCSA, m 2 ) thn the trees on the Krymsk n Gisel rootstoks (Fig. 2). A similr tren ws pprent for Erly Roin ; however, the ifferenes were not s signifint s in generl Erly Roin on K6, Gi n Gi6 were smller thn Regin n Sweethert on these rootstoks (Fig. 2). The TCSAs for Regin n Sweethert on K6 n K, respetively, were on verge out two times lrger thn for trees on Css n Clre. This result is onsistent with K n K6 eing vigorous rootstoks ompre to the other rootstoks. The reltive sizes for the trees t Est Wenthee were similr to those t The Dlles, exept for Clinton (Fig. 3). Three of the MSU rootstoks (Css, Clre n Lke) h tree sizes signifintly less thn trees on the Krymsk or Gisel rootstoks, lthough trees on Lke tene to e lrger thn trees on Css or Clre. The size reutions for Erly Roin n Sweethert on Clinton were not signifint ompre to the Gisel rootstoks, initing tht t this site, Clinton is more vigorous rootstok thn the other three MSU rootstoks. Similr to The Dlles, the omintion of Sweethert /K ws espeilly vigorous. At the Mttw plnting, the results vrie y sion (Fig. 4). For Regin n Sweethert the four MSU rootstoks were signifintly smller thn the trees on the Krymsk or Gisel rootstoks, with the smllest trees on Css. For Erly Roin, trees on Lke were not signifintly smller thn trees on K6, Gi6 or Gi. Gi6 n Clinton, showe more het n sny soil stress thn K, K6, Lke n Clre. In summry, on verge ross ll three sions n lotions, the trees on the four MSU rootstoks were signifintly smller thn those on the Gisel or Krymsk rootstoks. Among the MSU rootstoks, Css n Clre proue the smllest trees followe y Lke n Clinton. The reltively lrger TCSA for Lke t the sny Mttw lotion reltive to the other MSU rootstoks grees with results from Mihign tht suggest tht Lke my e more tolernt to sny soils thn Clinton. The poorest tree survivl of trees on Css n Clinton suggests tht these trees my e slower in reovering from trnsplnt stress. Aitionl trees of Regin on Css hve een orere for 217 plnting llowing seon evlution for this omintion whih is uner represente in the 21 plntings.
TCSA (m 2 ) TCSA (m 2 ) TCSA (m 2 ) Fig. 2. Trunk ross-setionl re 1 (TCSA; m 2 ) of Erly Roin, Regin, n Sweethert trees grfte on 4 MSU rootstoks, Krymsk, Krymsk 6, Gi6, n Gi for trees plnte in 21 in The Dlles, OR. Mesurements were otine in Mr. n Sept., 21 n in Sept., 216. 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 Erly Roin 16-Sep 1-Sep 1-Mr Css Clre Clinton Lke K6 Gi6 Gi Regin Css Clre Clinton Lke K6 Gi6 Gi Sweethert Css Clre Clinton Lke K Gi6 Gi 1 The lower oxes represent TCSA t plnting n the two upper oxes represent growth in 21 n 216. Brs represent stnr error of the mens for Septemer TCSA. 2 Mens tht re signifintly ifferent for Septemer 216 TCSA (P <.) re enote y ifferent letters.
TCSA (m 2 ) TCSA (m 2 ) TCSA (m 2 ) Fig. 3. Trunk ross-setionl re 1 (TCSA; m 2 ) of Erly Roin, Regin, n Sweethert trees grfte on 4 MSU rootstoks, Krymsk, Krymsk 6, Gi6, n Gi for trees plnte in 21 in Est Wenthee, WA. Mesurements were otine on April n Sept., 21 n in Sept., 216. 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 Erly Roin 16-Sep 1-Sep 1-Apr Css Clre Clinton Lke K6 Gi6 Gi Regin Css Clre Clinton Lke K6 Gi6 Gi Sweethert Css Clre Clinton Lke K Gi6 Gi 1 The lower oxes represent TCSA t plnting n the two upper oxes represent growth in 21 n 216. Brs represent stnr error of the mens for Septemer TCSA. 2 Mens tht re signifintly ifferent for Septemer 216 TCSA (P <.) re enote y ifferent letters.
TCSA (m 2 ) TCSA (m 2 ) TCSA (m 2 ) Fig. 4. Trunk ross-setionl re 1 (TCSA; m 2 ) of Erly Roin, Regin, n Sweethert trees grfte on 4 MSU rootstoks, Krymsk, Krymsk 6, Gi6, n Gi for trees plnte in 21 in Mttw, WA. Mesurements were otine on Mr. n Sept., 21 n Sept., 216. 2 1 1 Erly Roin Sep-16 Sep-1 Mr-1 2 1 Css Clre Clinton Lke K6 Gi6 Gi Regin 1 2 Css Clre Clinton Lke K6 Gi6 Gi 1 Sweethert 1 Css Clre Clinton Lke K Gi6 Gi 1 The lower oxes represent TCSA t plnting n the two upper oxes represent growth in 21 n 216. Brs represent stnr error of the mens for Septemer TCSA. 2 Mens tht re signifintly ifferent for Septemer 216 TCSA (P <.) re enote y ifferent letters.
C. 216 plnting of three smll replite rootstok trils longsie the 21 trils to evlute the th MSU herry rootstok (Crwfor). Regin n Sweethert trees grfte onto the MSU herry rootstoks Crwfor n Clinton, plus the ontrol Gi, long with Regin grfte on Css, will e ug t ProTree Nursery in fll 216 for shipping spring 217. DNA tests of rootstok liners smple etermine tht the liners were lele orretly (Oj. 3). It ws initilly ntiipte tht the trees woul e ue in 21 n plnte in the test orhrs in 216. However, ely in liner proution pushe k the plnting until spring 217. The ely llowe the ition of Regin /Css, whih is uner-represente in the 217 plntings. Two of the plots will e plnte next to the 21 plntings [The Dlles (hoste y Tim Dhle) n Est Wenthee (hoste y MDougll & Sons)] while the Mttw plot will e hoste y Zirkle Fruit Co. ue to lk of spe next to the urrent Mttw plot. 2. Collorte with ommeril nurseries in liner n finishe tree proution to etermine the nursery performne of the MSU herry rootstoks. Distriution of rootstok uwoo for pilot propgtion trils n limite liner proution: Nine ommeril nurseries hve ll five MSU herry rootstoks tht originte from virus ertifie mterils from the CPCNW-FT. These nurseries re gining experiene propgting these rootstoks. To te, liner proution ppers to e most effiient using tissue ulture, while tehniques to propgte from softwoo uttings re in evelopment s n lterntive to tissue ulture. Sine the rootstok mterils estlishe t the nurseries originte from virus ertifie n genetilly verifie plnt mteril, liners from these plnt mterils oul e ommerilize if eision is me to relese one or more of the MSU herry rootstoks. Finishe tree nursery performne: Liners of four of the MSU rootstoks (Css, Clre, Clinton n Lke) were plnte t three Wshington nurseries in spring 213. Beuse of the lte elivery/plnting time, only liners t one nursery were of suffiient size to u in fll 213. The other two nurseries ue in spring 214. The sions use were those for the 21 plntings: Regin, Erly Roin n Sweethert. One the liners were estlishe, they ll h eptle nursery hrteristis, inluing suffiient pil ominne n miniml rnhing. For those liners tht were of suffiient size to u, the u tke ws over 9% for ll four MSU rootstoks ross ll three sion ultivrs. In ition, 6 liners of four of the MSU rootstoks (1 eh - Css, Clre, Clinton n Lke) were plnte t one Wshington nursery in spring 214 to provie itionl informtion on the performne of these rootstoks in finishe tree nursery. Buing with Skeen ws one in spring 21. As in prior experiene, the u tke ws exellent. The u tke perentges for the four rootstoks were s follows: Lke 9%, Clre 93%, Clinton 96% n Css 96%. In 216, liners of ll MSU rootstoks, inluing Crwfor, were plnte t ProTree Nursery t their Dvis, Clif. lotion for spring uing. As with the other nursery plot oservtions, no rriers to nursery performne were ientifie for ny of the five MSU rootstoks. 3. Collorte with the CPCNW-FT n ooperting nurseries to insure MSU herry rootstoks re ville s ertifie virus teste n genetilly verifie. Virus ertifition: The virus ertifition of Crwfor ws omplete t the CNCNW-FT n in 21 uwoo ws sent to nursery ollortors who h not previously reeive this seletion. All five MSU rootstoks re virus ertifie n plnts re eing mintine t the CPCNW-FT. Geneti verifition: The gol of this su-ojetive is to ssure tht the geneti ientities of the five MSU rootstoks re orret t key points in propgtion n istriution. A DNA test, involving two
DNA mrkers, hs een evelope tht istinguishes mong ll five MSU rootstoks long with Gi3, Gi n Gi6. This DNA test tht ws evelope t MSU ws verifie y four other lortories inluing two ommeril servie proviers. The MSU rootstoks tht were use to mke the trees for the 21 n 217 plntings were sujete to DNA testing y the MSU l to onfirm rootstok ientify. These DNA ignosti tests hve onfirme tht the MSU herry rootstoks re lele orretly. All the prtiipting nurseries hve een informe tht MSU will perform DNA ignostis on the MSU rootstoks t no ost to the nursery if there re ny ientity onerns. The gol of this strtegy is to voi ny elys n finnil losses t the nurseries tht woul e ssoite with plnt mteril mix-up.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Projet Title: Estlishment n testing of MSU sweet herry rootstoks Five MSU sweet herry rootstoks were ientifie tht inue preoious unnt flowering n signifintly reue tree size ompre to Gi6. This result ws se on tril t WSU-Prosser with Bing sion plnte in 29 n remove fter the 214 seson. All five MSU rootstoks nme fter Mihign ounties (Css, Clre, Clinton, Crwfor n Lke) proue trees of similr size to Gi or smller. In 214, Bing fruit mturity te iffere mong the rootstoks teste t the Prosser plot with Css, Clre n Lke ripening he of Clinton, Crwfor, Gi n Gi6. Also in 214, ll five of the MSU nite rootstoks h yiel effiienies (kg fruit/m 2 ) tht were higher thn tht of Gi n Gi6. However, the fruit size for Crwfor ws signifintly less thn tht for Gi ue to the high rop lo on Crwfor ompre to Gi n insuffiient thinning of Crwfor. These results suggest tht prouing lrge fruit is possile on the MSU rootstoks given the proper trining system n rop lo justments. Despite the potentil of the MSU wrfing herry rootstoks to ontriute to profitility ue to preoious fruiting, n reue ost of hrvest lor, ritil performne-relte questions hve not yet een nswere. These inlue performne with sions with ifferent ropping potentil, n suitility with ifferent trining systems, soils n growing onitions. All the fruit t for the MSU rootstoks from the Pifi Northwest is from one plot t WSU-Prosser with Bing sion trine to multiple leer rhiteture. Therefore plntings were estlishe in 21 n will e estlishe in 217 (see new proposl) to inlue wier rnge of sions n mngement systems. The 21 plntings were estlishe t three lotions (The Dlles, Mttw, n Est Wenthee), with four MSU rootstoks (Css, Clre, Clinton, n Lke) plus Gisel n Krymsk ontrols, n three sion ultivrs ( Regin, Erly Roin n Sweethert ). In generl, ross ll three sions n 21 plnting lotions, the MSU rootstoks Css n Clre resulte in the smllest trees followe y Lke n then Clinton. The first fruit t will e otine in 217 (see new proposl). Crwfor ws not inlue in the 21 plntings s it ws elye eing relese from the CPCNW-FT n then there ws ely in liner proution. Three smller plots ompring Crwfor in omprison with the most similr rootstoks, Clinton n Gi, re on trk to e plnte in spring 217 long with severl other prouer-le plntings. Colletively these plntings re esigne to provie the informtion neee for prouers to eie whether to plnt trees on ny of the new MSU herry rootstoks. In ntiiption of ommerilizing one or more of the MSU herry rootstoks, progress ws me to enle n mple future supply of virus-ertifie n genetilly verifie plnt mterils. Virus ertifition of ll five MSU rootstoks ws omplete y the CPCNW-FT. Certifie uwoo of these five roots ws sent to nine ommeril nurseries followe y experimentl proution of liners n finishe trees. The five MSU rootstoks performe well in liner n finishe tree proution t ommeril nurseries; therefore, no nursery rriers to ommeriliztion were ientifie. DNA testing of the MSU rootstoks ws one t ritil stges in uwoo trnsfer n liner n tree proution. To te, DNA testing hs verifie the trueness-to-type of the stok plnts t the nurseries n the trees for the pst n future plntings.