Ref No: 94-069 Date: September 30, 1994 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT NO. 2 To: Subject: Manufacturers of Electrical and Electronic Equipment Containing Ultraviolet Radiation Sources Publication of Technical Information Letter (T.I.L.) No. I-34, Additional Requirements for Electrical and Electronic Equipment Which Contain an Ultraviolet Radiation Source CSA is pleased to announce the publication of Technical Information Letter (T.I.L.) No. I-34 dated September 30, 1994 (copy attached). This Technical Information Letter (T.I.L.) documents the CSA Certification requirements for equipment which contains an ultraviolet radiation source. Background and Rationale Ultraviolet (UV) light is invisible. Living tissue is known to be susceptible to damage if exposed to UV light of high intensity and of prolonged duration. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has specified guidelines for exposure to UV light in their publication entitled "Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indexes". CSA has adopted the recommended exposure limits as given in the above publication. These limits are detailed in the attached T.I.L. No. I-34. Effective Date: Immediately. Direction: Customers who manufacture equipment which contain UV radiation sources, may make applications at any time to have these products evaluated to the applicable end-product standard and T.I.L. No. I-34. Page 1 of 3 TILLB1/LB041/1/ms
Page 2 of 3 Applications and Inquiries If you wish to make an application, or require additional information regarding this Informs or T.I.L. No. I-34, please contact one of our CSA Offices or CSA Network Partners listed below. If you require additional technical information, please call (416) 747-4175. CSA Offices Telephone Telefax Moncton (506) 858-9300 (506) 858-9302 Montreal (514) 694-8110 (514) 694-5001 Rexdale (416) 747-4300 (416) 747-2475 Rexdale (Standards Sales) (416) 747-4044 (416) 747-2475 Winnipeg (204) 632-6633 (204) 632-1796 Edmonton (403) 450-2111 (403) 461-5322 Vancouver (604) 273-4581 (604) 273-5815 Hong Kong (852) 664-2872 (852) 664-5033 Japan (81) 3-3234-3553 (81) 3-3234-8678 CSA Network Partners Pacific Rim (and Far East): SAQAS (Australia) (61) 2-746-4900 (61) 2-746-8460 CCIC (China) (86) 755-200835 (86) 755-200835 HKSTC (Hong Kong) (852) 664-2872 (852) 664-5033 BIS (India) (91) 3310131 (91) 3314062 JQA (Japan) (81) 3-3416-0137 (81) 3-3416-2986 A-PEX (Japan) (81) 596-24-6717 (81) 596-24-1746 I-TEC (Japan) (81) 45-253-1835 (81) 45-253-1869 SIRIM (Malaysia) (60) 3-559-2601 (60) 3-550-8095 SANZ (New Zealand) (64) 4-384-2108 (64) 4-384-3938 SISIR (Singapore) (65) 778-7777 (65) 776-1280 KAIT (South Korea) (82) 2-860-1453 (82) 2-860-1465 CTS (Taiwan) (886) 2-299-5023 (886) 2-299-5022 Europe (and Middle East): OVE (Austria) (43) 1-375-807 (43) 1-374-051 LCIE (France) (33) 1-4095-6120 (33) 1-4095-6003 UTE (France) (33) 1-4-691-1244 (33) 1-4-789-4587 N.V. KEMA (Netherlands) (31) 85-562831 (31) 85-514922 VDE-PZI (Germany) (49) 69 830-6436 (49) 69 830-6666 PCBC (Poland) (48) 2227-7071 (48) 2226-6765 SII (Israel) (972) 3-6465-147 (972) 3-6465-286 IMQ (Italy) (39) 2-507-3220 (39) 2-507-3271 SEMKO AB (Sweden) (46) 8-750-0350 (46) 8-750-6030 SEV (Switzerland) (41) 1-384-9111 (41) 1-422-1426 BSI (U.K.) (44) 908-220908 (44) 908-220671 BSI Testing (U.K.) (44) 442-230-442 (44) 442-231-442 TILLB1/LB041/2/ms
Page 3 of 3 North America: CCL (Utah) (801) 972-6146 (801) 972-8432 PSE (California) (714) 453-8311 (714) 453-8438 PSE (Florida) (813) 989-2360 (813) 989-2373 PSE (New Hampshire) (603) 886-2958 (603) 886-0987 South America: BV Bureau Veritas (55) 11-241-0733 (55) 11-531-8455 TILLB1/LB041/3/ms
Page 1 of 4 TECHNICAL INFORMATION LETTER NO. I-34 Certification and Testing Division PRODUCT GROUP: All Product Groups Certifying Equipment Containing UV Sources ISSUED BY: Lal Bahra, P. Eng. DATE: September 30, 1994 EQUIPMENT: a) Air Cleaners Using UV Lamps b) Other Electrical and Electronic Equipment Containing Ultraviolet Radiation Sources(Other Than Equipment Covered by Standards CAN/CSA C22.2 No 224 and C22.2 No. 218) ITEM: Additional Requirements for Electrical and Electronic Equipment Which Contains an Ultraviolet Radiation Source STANDARDS: All CSA Part II Electrical and Electronic Equipment Standards as applicable. BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is invisible. Living tissue is known to be susceptible to damage if exposed to UV radiation of high intensity and of prolonged duration. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) have specified guidelines for exposure to UV light in their publication entitled "Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indexes". Please see attached Annex I for the limits for exposure to UV radiation as given in the above publication. If the accessible UV radiation emission levels exceed the limits specified in the ACGIH publication, then the UV source should be completely enclosed in opaque or UV radiation absorbing covers so that with all user serviceable parts removed, the UV radiation levels are within the specified limits. Alternatively user access covers should be interlocked to disconnect power to the UV source when opened or there should be a warning marking on covers providing access to the UV radiation source. REQUIREMENTS This T.I.L. covers additional requirements that apply to all electrical and electronic equipment, other than that certified to Standards C22.2 No. 224 and No. 218, which contains a UV radiation source. TILLB1/LB041/1/ms
Page 2 of 4 1. CONSTRUCTION 1.1 All equipment that produces ultraviolet (UV) radiation shall be designed to contain the UV radiation emissions from the outside of the equipment, during normal operation or servicing unless the equipment complies with 1.2 below. 1.2 All equipment that produces ultraviolet (UV) radiation, not contained by the equipment enclosure as specified in Clause 1.1, must not be capable of causing exposures that exceed the recommended guidelines for ultraviolet radiation as specified in the current edition of "Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indexes" issued by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. (See Annex I) 1.3 All removable user serviceable parts, such as lenses, filters and the like, if their removal can result in an increase in the amount of ultra violet radiation exposure to the user, shall be removed from the equipment during the measurements of UV radiation unless provided with an interlock switch that disconnects power to the UV source. 1.4 Where ultraviolet radiation produced by a UV source can cause UV exposures in excess of the limits specified in Clause 1.1, the user access cover shall be marked in accordance with Clause 2 unless it is provided with an interlock switch that disconnects power to the UV source in a reliable manner. The interlock switch shall meet the requirements for interlock switches as applicable in the end product standard. 2. Marking 2.1 A user access cover or removable user serviceable part that when removed, allows access to UV radiation levels capable of causing exposures in excess of the limits specified in Clause 1.2, shall be marked with the following or equivalent warning: "WARNING: Eye damage may result from directly viewing the light produced by the lamp used in this product. Always turn off lamp before opening this cover." TILLB1/LB041/2/ms
Page 3 of 4 or the following symbol: ISO/CD 11684, FIG 9.5 When the UV radiation symbol is used, then both the symbol and above "warning" shall appear together in the user instructions. 2.2 Equipment that produces ultraviolet radiation in excess of the limits specified in Clause 1.2, and which must remain energized while being serviced, shall be marked with the following or equivalent warning, located where readily visible during the servicing operation: 1) "SERVICE PERSONNEL - WARNING": "Eye Damage May Result From Directly Viewing The Light Produced By The Lamp Used In This Product. Always Turn Off Lamp Before Opening This Cover. Ultraviolet Radiation Eye Protection Required During Servicing." or 2) the following symbol: ISO/CD 11684 FIG 9.5 When the UV radiation symbol is used, then both the symbol and above "Service Personnel Warning" shall appear together in the service instructions. TILLB1/LB041/3/ms
Page 4 of 4 2.3 Equipment that incorporates an interlock switch in accordance with Clause 1.4 shall be marked to indicate the general location of the interlock switch. In addition, the following or equivalent warning shall be marked where readily visible at the approach to the interlock: "WARNING - This cover is provided with an interlock to reduce the risk of excessive ultraviolet radiation. Do not defeat its purpose or attempt to service without removing cover completely." TILLB1/LB041/4/ms
ANNEX I ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION These TLVs refer to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the spectral region between 180 and 400 nm and represent conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed without adverse health effects. These values for exposure of the eye or the skin apply to UV radiation from arcs gas and vapor discharges, fluorescent and incandescent sources, and solar radiation, but they do not apply to UV lasers (see the TLVs for Lasers). These values do not apply to UV radiation exposure of photosensitive individuals or of individuals concomitantly exposed to photosensitizing agents. These exposures to the eye do not apply to aphakics. (See Light and Near-Infrared Radiation TLVs). These values should be used as guides in the control of exposure to continuous sources where the exposure durations shall not be less than 0.1 sec. These values should be used as guides in the control of exposure to UV sources and should not be regarded as a fine line between safe and dangerous levels. Recommended Values The TLVs for occupational exposure to UV radiation incident upon skin or eye where irradiance values are known and exposure time is controlled are as follows: 1. For the near UV spectral region (320 to 400 nm), total irradiance incident upon the unprotected eye should not exceed 1.0 mw/cm 2 for periods greater than 10 3 seconds (approximately 16 minutes) and for exposure times less than 10 3 seconds should not exceed 1.0 J/cm 2. 2. The UV radiant exposure incident upon the unprotected skin or eye should not exceed the values given in Table 1 or Figure 1 within an 8 hour period. 3. To determine the effective irradiance of a broad band source weighted against the peak of the spectral effectiveness curve (270 nm), the following weighting formula should be used: Install Equation Editor and doubleclick here to view equation. Where: E eff = effective irradiance relative to a monochromatic source at 270 nm in W/cm 2 [J/(s cm 2 )] E λ = spectral irradiance in W/(cm 2 nm) S λ = relative spectral effectiveness (unitless) λ = band width in nm 4. For most white-light sources and all open arcs, the weighting of spectral irradiance between 200 and 315 nm should suffice to determine the effective irradiance. Only specialized UV sources designed to emit UV-A radiation would normally require spectral weighting from 315 to 400 nm. TILLB1/LB041/5/ms
TILLB1/LB041/6/ms
Figure 1 - Threshold Limit Values (TLV) for Ultraviolet Radiation 5. Permissible exposure time in seconds for exposure to actinic UV radiation incident upon the unprotected skin or eye may be computed by dividing 0.003 J/cm 2 by E eff in W/cm 2. The exposure time may also be determined using Table 2 which provides exposure times corresponding to effective irradiances in µw/cm 2. 6. All of the preceding TLVs for UV energy apply to sources which subtend an angle less than 80Ε. Sources which subtend a greater angle need to be measured only over an angle of 80Ε. Conditioned (tanned) individuals can tolerate skin exposure in excess of the TLV without erythemal effects. However, such conditioning may not protect persons against skin cancer. Ozone (O 3 ) is produced in air by sources emitting UV radiation at wavelengths below 250 nm. Refer to Chemical Substances TLV for ozone. TILLB1/LB041/7/ms
TABLE 1 Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure TLV and Spectral Weighting Function Wavelength (nm) TLV (J/m 2 ) TLV (mj/cm 2 ) Relative Spectral Effectiveness, S λ 180 190 200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 245 250 254* 255 260 265 270 275 280* 285 290 295 297* 300 303* 305 308 310 313* 315 316 317 318 319 320 322 323 325 328 330 333 335 2500 1600 100 590 400 320 250 200 160 130 100 83 70 60 58 46 37 30 31 34 39 47 56 65 100 250 500 1200 2000 1500 1.0 x 10 4 1.3 x 10 4 1.5 x 10 4 1.9 x 10 4 2.5 x 10 4 2.9 x 10 4 4.5 x 10 4 5.6 x 10 4 6.0 x 10 4 6.8 x 10 4 7.3 x 10 4 8.1 x 10 4 8.8 x 10 4 250 160 100 59 40 32 25 20 16 13 10 8.3 7.0 6.0 5.8 4.6 3.7 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.9 4.7 5.6 6.5 10 25 50 120 200 500 1.0 x 10 3 1.3 x 10 3 1.5 x 10 3 1.9 x 10 3 2.5 x 10 3 2.9 x 10 3 4.5 x 10 3 5.6 x 10 3 6.0 x 10 3 6.8 x 10 3 7.3 x 10 3 8.1 x 10 3 8.8 x 10 3 0.012 0.019 0.030 0.051 0.075 0.095 0.120 0.150 0.190 0.240 0.300 0.360 0.430 0.500 0.520 0.650 0.810 1.000 0.960 0.880 0.770 0.640 0.540 0.460 0.300 0.120 0.060 0.026 0.015 0.006 0.003 0.0024 0.0020 0.0016 0.0012 0.0010 0.00067 0.00054 0.00050 0.00044 0.00041 0.00037 0.00034 340 1.1 x 10 5 1.1 x 10 4 0.00028 TILLB1/LB041/8/ms
Wavelength (nm) 345 350 355 360 365* 370 375 380 385 390 395 400 TLV (J/m 2 ) 1.3 x 10 5 1.5 x 10 5 1.9 x 10 5 2.3 x 10 5 2.7 x 10 5 3.2 x 10 5 3.9 x 10 5 4.7 x 10 5 5.7 x 10 5 6.8 x 10 5 8.3 x 10 5 1.0 x 10 6 TLV (mj/cm 2 ) 1.3 x 10 4 1.5 x 10 4 1.9 x 10 4 2.3 x 10 4 2.7 x 10 4 3.2 x 10 4 3.9 x 10 4 4.7 x 10 4 5.7 x 10 4 6.8 x 10 4 8.3 x 10 4 1.0 x 10 5 Relative Spectral Effectiveness, S λ 0.00024 0.00020 0.00016 0.00013 0.00011 0.000093 0.000077 0.000064 0.000053 0.000044 0.000036 0.000030 Wavelengths chosen are representative; other values should be interpolated at intermediate wavelengths. * Emission lines of a mercury discharge spectrum. TILLB1/LB041/9/ms
TABLE 2 Permissible Ultraviolet Exposures Duration of Exposure Per Day Effective Irradiance, E eff (µw/cm 2 ) 8 hrs 4 hr 2 hrs 1 hr 30 min 15 min 10 min 5 min 1 min 30 sec 10 sec 1 sec 0.5 sec 0.1 sec 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.7 3.3 5 10 50 100 300 3000 6000 30000 TILLB1/LB041/10/ms