WHO International EMF Project 10th International Advisory Committee

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1 WHO International EMF Project 10th International Advisory Committee 1. The paper of a Japanese study on childhood leukemia in relation to residential EMF-ELF exposure was accepted for publication in Int J Cancer. 2. The following was done in a research project by the Ministry of Environment. (1) Exposure in the living environment was reviewed. (2) Exposure in children related to power lines and electric appliances was studied. (3) International research and administrative activities were summarized. (4) Recent literature was reviewed. 3. A project on risk communication by the Ministry of Environment starts in A 2005 prize of the Japan Society of Risk Analysis was awarded to Dr. Michinori KABUTO.

2 Risk of child s bedroom MF level for childhood leukemia (ALL+AML) Conditional logistic regression analyses Childhood leukemia (ALL+ AML) Child s bedroom MF level ( T) Cases Control OR (95%CI) < above ( ) 1.09 ( ) 2.63 ( )

3 Risk of child s bedroom MF level for ALL alone Conditional logistic regression analysis ALL alone Child s bedroom MF level ( T) Cases Controls OR (95%CI) < above ( ) 1.03 ( ) 4.73 ( )

4 WHO International EMF Project 10th International Advisory Committee Report from the National Institute for Environmental Sciences Exposure Metrics of Magnetic Fields in Personal Exposure related to Power Lines and Electric Appliances Tomohiro SAITO for Michinori KABUTO National Research Institute for Child Health and Development

6 1. To present the exposure metrics of ELF-MF obtained in: (1) Case-control study of childhood leukemia recently conducted in Japan. (2) Measurement of MF emitted from electric appliances at home. (3) Personal monitoring of children and measurement in residences for one week. 2. To discuss personal exposure levels: (4) In relation between background MF mainly from power lines and personal exposure from electric appliances.

7 The ELF MF levels were measured continuously With EMDEX Lite. Every 30 seconds. For one week. Spot measurements were done With EMDEX. At least for 5 minutes at every 1.5 seconds. At several places inside and outside of the houses. Subjects 312 leukemia children in metropolitan areas. 603 age and sex matched control children randomly selected from the general population.

8 Hourly mean MF level in the child bedroom for one week : cases

9 Hourly mean MF level in the child bedroom for one week : controls

10 Correlations Between One-week and Spot Measurements. One-week measurement (All houses) Spot measurement (detached houses) Spot measurement condominiums Bedroom Center Bedroom Head Corner1 Corner2 Corner3 Corner4 Entrance Window One-week Bedroom Center Bedroom Head Corner Corner Corner Corner Entrance Window Above 0.85 except for figures in orange. All correlations were p<0.01

11 Association between Weekly Average and Daily Average in Child s Bedroom

12 Weekly average Daily average <0.4 T 0.4 T Total <0.4 T T False positive 0.2 False negative 5.2

13 Association between Weekly Average and Spot Measurements in Child s bedroom

14 Weekly average Spot measurement <0.4 T 0.4 T Total <0.4 T T False positive 0.3 False negative 27.3

15 Large factories Power plants 275kv 500kv Transformer stations 154kv Large factories 66kv 154kv Transformer stations 66kv Transformer stations 22kv Buildings 6kv Transformer stations 6kv Distributing cables Transformers Shops Houses v

16 MF was measured With the isotropic 3 dimensional MF probe W G Co.. Frequency range from Hz. A room where the child spend most of the time mostly a living room 1m above the floor. Lattice like at 0.5m distance with finer distance near appliances. When all the electric appliances were turned on and off. Analysis Equivalence contour lines were drawn. Attenuation by distance from electric appliances was examined. Subjects 10 children in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. Season winter December and January.

17 1 Wandel & Gltermann Lattice like at 0.5m distance with finer distance near appliances at 1m from the floor.

Exposure Metrics at Home with electric carpet and refrigerator ID=6 OFF 3 2.5 1 x-axis [m] 2 1.5 1 0.5 0.07 0.1 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 y-axis [m] 0 [ T] 1.8 TV ON 3.

18 Exposure Metrics at Home with electric carpet and refrigerator ID=6 OFF x-axis [m] y-axis [m] 0 [ T] 1.8 TV ON 3.4m X Fluorescent lamp Electric carpet 0.78 Air conditioner x-axis [m] [ T] Y 2.5m Refrigerator y-axis [m]

Exposure Metrics at Home near high voltage cable ID=1 OFF 3.5 3 0.6 2.5 2 1.5 0.8 2.5 3.5m Microwave Oven 0.3 X. Humidifier 1 0.5 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 3.5 ON 1.0 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 0 [ T] 0.

19 Exposure Metrics at Home near high voltage cable ID=1 OFF m Microwave Oven 0.3 X. Humidifier ON [ T] Fluorescent lamp m Aquarium with Air pump Stereo set TV Telephone Heater [ T] 0.33 Air conditioner Y 1.7m Distribution lines 2.5

Exposure Metrics at Home near high voltage cable ID=3 OFF 4 3.5 3 0.7 2 x-axis [m] 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0.6 0.5 0 [ T] Distribution lines 0.91 Aquarium with Air pump PC Fluorescent lamp Unit[m] 1 2.5 0.91 0.

20 Exposure Metrics at Home near high voltage cable ID=3 OFF x-axis [m] [ T] Distribution lines 0.91 Aquarium with Air pump PC Fluorescent lamp Unit[m] TV Fluorescent lamp 0.44 Electric carpet Telephone Stereo set X Y 4.45 x-axis [m] y-axis [m] ON on y-axis [m] [ T] T

Exposure Metrics at Home with electric carpet ID=9 OFF 3.5 3 2.5 0.6 0.1 x-axis [m] 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 [ T] 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 y-axis [m] 1.8 1.

21 Exposure Metrics at Home with electric carpet ID=9 OFF x-axis [m] [ T] y-axis [m] TV 0.5 Unit[m] ON X 1.1 Fluorescent lamp Electric carpet x-axis [m] [ T] 0 Y y-axis [m]

22 by Type Proportion Cathode-ray Tube 71 Flat CRT 24 Liquid Crystal 6 Time Proportion Weekdays Weekend Distance cm Proportion

23 Magnetic flux density with Distance television display terminal

24 Appliances used at home proportion Refrigerator 100 Air conditioner 97 Launder 97 Computer 88 Microwave oven 83 Appliances used by children proportion Fluorescent light lamp 41 Hair drier 30 Stereo radio 26 Electric leg warmer 14 Vacuum cleaner 83 Electric carpet winter 63 Electric heater 36 Dish washer 24 Floor heater 6 Air humidifier winter Electric foot warmer Head phone Electric blanket

25 Magnetic flux density with Height and Distance with electric carpet 10 Level [µt] 1 y = x Height [ ] Level [µt] Distance [m]

26 Electricity off No. Proportion(%) MF>0.4 T Max. MF Min. MF Electricity on Proportion(%) MF>0.4 T Max. MF Min kv cable kv cable Leak Leak MF TV AF TV AF TV TV RF TV AF TV TV

27 Personal monitoring With EMDEX Lite. For one week. Daily activities were recorded. At school the device was kept by teacher. Placed by the head during sleep. Placed in the bedroom during bath time. Measurement in residence With EMDEX. Placed in the child s bedroom. For one week. Subjects: 120 children asked for participation in the metropolitan Tokyo area in the case control study. 70 children agreed to participate.

28 Personal Monitoring for one week near high voltage cables ID=1 At school Electric carpets

29 Personal Monitoring for one week with electric carpet ID=3

30 Personal Monitoring for one week with electric heater Stayed overnight at a relative s house near high voltage power lines.

31 Personal Monitoring for one week with electric floor heater

32 Level microtesla Bedroom No. Personal No

33 Spot measurement may not be a good surrogate for one-week measurement because the depends on the time during a day. One day measurement can be a good surrogate for one week measurement to identify high level exposure above 0.4 MT Sources of high level exposure at home are MF from distributing cables of around 6000 volts on the streets in addition to power lines of high voltage ranging from 22KV to 500KV.

34 Some measures need to be taken for high exposure from distributing cables running near houses. Sources of high level emission of MF at home are television, computer display, air humidifier and electric carpets. The level of MF from the above appliances exceeds 0.4 microt reaching above 10 microt but wanes sharply with distance. The distance from which the level becomes below 0.4 microt is on the average 0.7m for television, 0.6m for air humidifier and 0.9m for electric carpet. Sitting or lying on electric carpets yields high level exposure to children, and this needs to be informed.

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