PpTek Siloxane Removal Solutions

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "PpTek Siloxane Removal Solutions"

Darrell Cornelius Norton
5 years ago
Views:

1 PpTek Siloxane Removal Solutions 1

2 What are siloxanes? Siloxanes are organo-silicons added to many personal care products and are present in almost all biogas. They can be found in products such as shampoos, hair conditioner, cosmetics, deodorants, de-foamers, water repelling window coatings, lubricants, food additives and some soaps. 2

3 What are siloxanes? They are being evaluated an alternatives to perchloroethylene for dry cleaning as they are considered far more environmentally friendly, and are recognised to have little detrimental effect on the environment as a whole Dow Corning list over 10,000 product applications for siloxanes They are considered as a panacea of solutions to product development and their use is predicted to grow by 10 times over the next five years! 3

4 What are siloxanes? Most common Siloxanes encountered in digester and landfill gases : L2 (Hexamethyldisiloxane) L3 (Octamethyltrisiloxane) D3 (Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane) D4 (Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane) D5 (Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane) D6 (Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane) Typical levels for total siloxanes in biogas can vary from 20 mg/m 3 to up to 250 mg/m 3, or even higher for short periods in sewage digester gas 4

5 Siloxanes in BioGas Engines Industry acknowledges major problems for engines Temperature and pressure are principle factors Greater effect on new breeds of engine Other VOC s add to the effect of siloxane damage Siloxanes also attack boilers on STW s 5

6 Siloxane Contamination What s happening? C 8 H 24 O 4 Si 4 D4 Siloxane + O 2 + Temp oc 6

7 Siloxane Contamination What s happening? CO 2 + H 2 O D4 Siloxane + SiO 2 - Silicon Dioxide 7

8 Siloxane Contamination A 1mW engine burning biogas with just 50 mg/m3 of Siloxane can generate enough silicon dioxide in the engine to fill two 50 kg sacks in just over 4 months! 8

9 Siloxane Damage 9

10 Siloxane Damage 10

11 Siloxane Damage 11

12 Siloxane Damage 12

13 Siloxane Recap Cause Extensive use in a domestic environment. Contamination arrives via municipal refuse, by pipe or by tanker Effect Siloxanes convert to silicon dioxide under engine environment & conditions. Deposits rise, efficiency falls reducing generating capacity Engine components are damaged and oil life shortened Cost in components, labour, downtime and additional oil changes..lost profit. Solution Constant removal and maintenance. Treat deposits. Clean gas before it reaches engines / boilers. 13

14 BioGas Analysis Important to establish actual gas analysis Siloxane removal filter can be sized accurately Analysis methods vary consistency is important PpTek have found Tenax Tube - Tedlar bag grab sample and GCMS as reliably consistent 14

15 BioGas Analysis 15

16 BioGas Analysis 16

17 Technology Comparison Matrix Feature Activated Carbon Activated Graphite Cryogenics Regeneration media Siloxane removal capability 90% 99% 95% 98% Size Large Very Large Large Small Typical capital cost 35k - 125k 125k 250k 115k Ease of use Yes No No Yes Installation costs 60k 60k 50K 25k Media Life Guarantee No No N/A Yes Known Technology Totally Somewhat Unknown Increasing Spent media removal responsibility Customer Cost supplier N/A 5 yrs Performance guarantee No No Yes Yes Performs in wet gas No No No Yes Requires water removal Yes Yes Yes No Cost of chiller 24 / 7 16k 16k 16k 0 Projected op cost per year 45k 60k 80k 7k Condensate requires removal No No Yes Yes Supports full gas flow range Yes Yes No Yes Clean filter each day No No Yes Yes Fully automatic operation No No Yes Yes Flexible to gas flow changes No No No Yes Skid mounted for easy installation No No Yes Yes Guaranteed Pressure drop filter No No Yes Yes Spent media hazardous Yes Yes N/A No 17

18 Technology Comparison 18

19 PpTek vs other solutions Ability to regenerate media on site Up to 10 x as absorbent as activated carbon (AC) No chiller required PpTek Guarantee media life of up to 7 years Low on-going operating costs 19

20 PpTek vs other solutions High Cryogenics Capital Cost Low Activated Carbon Activated Graphite Low Operating Cost High 20

21 Operating Cost comparison example with Activated Carbon Operating costs Carbon PpTek BGAK Gas flow in 800 m3/hr 800 Total gas flow in 24 hrs m3/day Contamination level (Siloxane and VOCs) 300 mg/m3 300 Total contaminants captured 5.76 Kg /day 5.76 Percentage of own weight captured or loading 2 % of weight (damp gas) 10 Weight of media required for 24 hr capture 288 Kg 57.6 Amount of media in filter 2000 Kg approx 120 Number of days filter will last 7 Days 1825 (5 years) Cost of AC per Kg 1.20 / Kg N/A Power draw (kwhr per day) 0 80 Ave value/cost per kwhr Annual Servicing Cost? 1200 Annual amortised 5 yearly media replacement inc 2400 Total operating costs per year 126,144 / yr 9,440 Carbon PpTek BGAK Pptek 21

22 Operating CO2 emission comparison with Activated Carbon The following table shows the CO2 emissions for two different gas flow scenarios for siloxane contamination of 50 mg/m3 Total CO2 operational emissions over 5 years Biogas flow 600 m3/hr 5000 m3/hr PpTek BGAK Regenerating filter 76.4 tonnes CO tonnes CO2 Activated Carbon Filter 2,146 tonnes CO2 18,075 tonnes CO2 22

23 PpTek Reference sites Pptek STW, 2400 m3/hr, Nottingham, England STW 175 m3/h, Cumnock, Scotland STW 2800 m3/hr, Harnaschpolder, Holland STW, 80m3/hr, Trowbridge, England STW, 300 m3/hr, Fullerton, England LF, 650 m3/hr, Ferrara, Italy STW 375m3/hr, Poole, England LF, 1200 m3/hr, Middlepoint, USA STW, 640 m3.hr, Gillingham, England STW, 670 m3/hr, Swansea Bay, Wales STW, 2800 m3/hr, Davyhulme, England LF, 8000 m3/hr, 2 x Helsinki, Finland STW 1200 m3/hr, Ashford, England STW 650 m3/hr, Lancaster, England STW 350 m3/hr, Cambridge, England STW 3000 m3/hr, Bristol, England STW 600 m3/hr, Taunton, England STW 500 m3/hr, Crawley, England STW 600 m3/hr, Beddington, England STW 600 m3/hr, Chertsey, England STW 600 m3/hr Brighton, England STW 1200 m3/hr, Warwick, England STW 1200 m3/hr, Paris, France STW 1500 m3/hr, Bologna, Italy STW300 m3/hr, Gravesend, UK LF 8,000 m3/hr Santa Marta, Chile LF 8,800 m3/hr Bangcock Green, Thailand LF 5,400 m3/hr Zenith Green, Thailand STW, 670 m3/hr, Hatton, Scotland STW, 650 m3/hr, Southampton, England LF, 3200 m3/hr, Skelbrooke, England STW, 670 m3/hr, Havant, England LF, 4000 m3/hr, Warrington, England LF, 4000 m3/hr 2 x Falkirk, Scotland. STW, 150 m3/hr, Telford, England LF, 3500 m3/hr, Achencarroch, Scotland LF, 3000 m3/hr 1 x Falkirk, Scotland STW 350 m3/hr, Snodland, England STW 350 m3/hr, Aylesford, England LF 3500 m3/hr. Poole, England LF 2200 m3/hr, Barcelona, Spain STW 250 m3/hr, Redditch, England. STW 3500 m3/hr, Manchester, England STW 2200 m3/hr, Calgary, Canada STW 1200 m3/hr, Oxford, England STW 1100 m3/hr, Edinburgh, Scotland STW 300 m3/hr, Telford, England STW 2000 m3/hr, Edinburgh, Scotland STW 3000 m3/hr, Avonmouth, England LF 4000 m3/hr, Durham, England STW 600 m3/hr, Brighton, England STW 800 m3/hr, Wrexham, Wales LF 600 m3/hr, Prague, Czech Republic LF 10,000 m3/hr. Cliba, Argentina LF 6,600 m3/hr Les Condes, Chile 23

24 Automatic (BGAK) Siloxane Filters Pptek 24

25 BioGas AK Features Removes up to 98% of siloxanes before they reach the engine. Payback achieved little as 12 months Negligible pressure drop. Ease and safety of upkeep. Robust stainless steel construction Media life 5 years - no disposal costs. Lower cost of pipework design. Install pressure or suction. 25

26 BioGas AK Features cont PLC controlled Safe automatic operation Small footprint Skid mounted. Low power usage Minimal maintenance Gas sampled before and after filter Media is non-toxic Easy installation re-location Low operating costs/overheads. No chiller or pre-treatment required More green energy / less pollution 26

27 Typical PpTek BGAK filter Pptek Filter # 2 Filter # 1 Regeneration Air Blower Regeneration Air Heater Biogas out Biogas in 27

28 Gas flow through F1 Pptek 28

29 Gas flow through F2 Pptek 29

30 Gas flow through F2 & regen F1 Pptek 30

31 Gas flow through F2 Pptek 31

32 Gas flow through F1 Pptek 32

33 Gas flow through F1 & regen F2 Pptek 33

34 Gas flow through Filter 1 Pptek 34

35 Regen Air Handling 35

36 Standard night-time filter regeneration : Cooled air to atmosphere PpTek Automatic Siloxane Filter Cooling effect of night air Vent Stack 200mm 2 degree slope Condensate 36

37 Alternate installation for regeneration and condensation : Cooled air to atmosphere Chiller or site brown water supply PpTek Automatic Siloxane Filter Day-time ambient is higher Vent Stack 200mm 2 degree slope Condensate 37

38 Vent Air Burner (VAB) filter regeneration : Emissions compliant with Env Agency permit limits PpTek Automatic Siloxane Filter Small volume of biogas (only during regeneration) EA compliant enclosed flare stack 1000 o C combustion Regeneration Air 38

39 Engine exhaust method of filter regeneration : Connection to exhaust stack with venturi effect PpTek Automatic Siloxane Filter Gas engine Regeneration Air 39

40 Virtual Vent Stack: Air diluted up to 1000 times and 150 feet above ground level PpTek Automatic Siloxane Filter Specially designed exit Ventura diluting and dispersing regeneration into atmosphere from shorter height stack Regeneration Air 40

41 BGMK Filter units 41

42 Features of BioGas MK Utilises identical PpTek patented media Suitable for lower gas flows and contamination Smaller, lighter & less expensive than AK. Media regeneration on site through service contract ~ 2-3 month intervals. Minimal energy consumption Media Life 7 years, no disposal costs. 42

43 Design & Production Conformance Pptek Designed and manufactured in accordance with ATEX and UK DSEAR regulations. Production with accredited & certified suppliers. 43

44 PpTek Summary Key biochemical technology for Siloxane removal. Strong emerging market conditions Significant Landfill & Sewage Industry + siloxane contamination knowledge Extensive range of BioGas Filters Proven product performance UK & Overseas support from PpTek engineers 44

Complex Solid Waste Air Permitting Issues

Complex Solid Waste Air Permitting Issues A Threat to Landfill Gas as an Alternative Fuel Source Heather H. Little Sanborn, Head and Associates, Inc. John Gay, E.I. Casella Waste Systems, Inc. NEWSVT Landfill