Swedish biobeds revisited. State of the art on their 20th anniversary.

Transcription

1 Swedish biobeds revisited. State of the art on their 20th anniversary. Leticia Pizzul 1, Maria del Pilar 1 Castillo and Eskil Nilsson 2 1 JTI - Swedish Institute of Agricultural and Environmental, Uppsala, Sweden 2 Visavi God Lantmannased AB, Vellinge, Sweden

2 1993: first biobed is built in Sweden 2013: how are they built? how are they maintained? how are they functioning? what do farmers think of them?

3 Material and method Anonymous questionnaires Sent to 22 offices of the County Administrative Board 2010, 2011 and 2012 Pooled and only questions with answers were considered in the analysis

4 Results

5 Percentage (% ) Results When was the biobed built? year

6 Recommendation Evaluation Minimum 15 meter safety distance to watercourses, water supply, drainage wells and at level ground A short distance to the pesticide storage room

7 Percentage (%) Where in the farm? yes no yes no yes no Safe distance from water supplies and surface water level ground Close to the pesticide storage room

8 Recommendation Minimum 15 meter safety distance to watercourses, water supply, drainage wells and at level ground A short distance to the pesticide storage room Presence of a natural clay layer on the bottom or added clay Evaluation

9 Percentage (%) Is the clay layer present? yes no yes no yes no added clay bottom natural clay bottom closed biobeds with concrete or plastic film

10 Recommendation Minimum 15 meter safety distance to watercourses, water supply, drainage wells and at level ground A short distance to the pesticide storage room Presence of a natural clay layer on the bottom or added clay A mixture of soil, peat and straw (25:25:50) Evaluation

11 Percentage (%) Biomixture: are all the components present? yes no yes no yes no straw soil peat

12 Recommendation Minimum 15 meter safety distance to watercourses, water supply, drainage wells and at level ground A short distance to the pesticide storage room Presence of a natural clay layer on the bottom or added clay A mixture of soil, peat and straw (25:25:50) Chopped straw (5 cm) and mixed material Evaluation?

13 Percentage (%) Biomixture: is the straw chopped? Is the material mixed? cut uncut mixed in layers straw material

14 Recommendation Minimum 15 meter safety distance to watercourses, water supply, drainage wells and at level ground A short distance to the pesticide storage room Presence of a natural clay layer on the bottom or added clay A mixture of soil, peat and straw (25:25:50) Chopped straw (5 cm) and mixed material New biomix or straw has to be added yearly. Evaluation?! Complete change of biomix must be done after 5-8 years.

15 Percentage (%) Changes of biomixture yes no yes no have you added extra material have you changed material completely?

16 Recommendation Minimum 15 meter safety distance to watercourses, water supply, drainage wells and at level ground A short distance to the pesticide storage room Presence of a natural clay layer on the bottom or added clay A mixture of soil, peat and straw (25:25:50) Chopped straw (5 cm) and mixed material New biomix or straw has to be added yearly. Complete change of biomix must be done after 5-8 years. Grass layer kept always green Evaluation?!!

17 Percentage (%) Grass layer yes no yes no yes no Presence of grass layer the grass has withered the grass layer has been replaced/repaired

18 Recommendation Minimum 15 meter safety distance to watercourses, water supply, drainage wells and at level ground A short distance to the pesticide storage room Presence of a natural clay layer on the bottom or added clay A mixture of soil, peat and straw (25:25:50) Chopped straw (5 cm) and mixed material New biomix or straw has to be added yearly. Complete change of biomix must be done after 5-8 years. Grass layer kept always green Swedish biobeds are designed as a filling place and not for the treatment of big volumes of water Evaluation?!!?

19 Percentage (%) Is the sprayer washed on the biobed? yes no yes no external internal

20 Recommendation Minimum 15 meter safety distance to watercourses, water supply, drainage wells and at level ground A short distance to the pesticide storage room Presence of a natural clay layer on the bottom or added clay A mixture of soil, peat and straw (25:25:50) Chopped straw (5 cm) and mixed material New biomix or straw has to be added yearly. Complete change of biomix must be done after 5-8 years. Grass layer kept always green Swedish biobeds are designed as a filling place and not for the treatment of big volumes of water Evaluation?!!?!

21 Recommendation Minimum 15 meter safety distance to watercourses, water supply, drainage wells and at level ground A short distance to the pesticide storage room Presence of a natural clay layer on the bottom or added clay A mixture of soil, peat and straw (25:25:50) Chopped straw (5 cm) and mixed material New biomix or straw has to be added yearly. Complete change of biomix must be done after 5-8 years. Grass layer kept always green Swedish biobeds are designed as a filling place and not for the treatment of big volumes of water Biobeds should be big enough to include the spraying equipment and a working area. Evaluation?!!?!?

22 Recommendation Minimum 15 meter safety distance to watercourses, water supply, drainage wells and at level ground A short distance to the pesticide storage room Presence of a natural clay layer on the bottom or added clay A mixture of soil, peat and straw (25:25:50) Chopped straw (5 cm) and mixed material New biomix or straw has to be added yearly. Complete change of biomix must be done after 5-8 years. Grass layer kept always green Swedish biobeds are designed as a filling place and not for the treatment of big volumes of water Biobeds should be big enough to include the spraying equipment and a working area. Evaluation?!!?!?

23 Percentage (%) The farmer s view Biobeds are easy to build 36 64% completely disagree completely agree

24 Percentage (%) The farmer s view Biobeds are environmentally safe % completely disagree completely agree

25 Percentage (%) The farmer s view Biobeds are cheap to build % completely disagree completely agree

26 Percentage (%) The farmer s view Biobeds are easy to maintain % completely disagree completely agree

27 Percentage (%) The farmer s view Biobeds are practical to use % completely disagree completely agree

28 Conclusions and future perspectives Biobeds are a good system to handle pesticides, practical and cheap and easy to build Biobeds are considered environmentally safe by the farmers In general they are built and run properly In some cases incorrect preparation, unintended use and lack of maintenance

29 Conclusions and future perspectives Improve how information is communicated and distributed Introduction of other types of biobeds (e.g. lined biobeds for higher water loads) Evaluate the capacity of the existing biobeds to retain and degrade pesticides

30 Thank you for your attention