Let It Go. Turning High Maintenance Common Areas into Low Maintenance Native Areas. TRPA 63 rd Annual Conference November 17, 2015 Kingsport, TN

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1 Let It Go Turning High Maintenance Common Areas into Low Maintenance Native Areas TRPA 63 rd Annual Conference November 17, 2015 Kingsport, TN Stephen Callis The Hogan Company Why do we need native areas? Natural Beauty/Conservation Wildlife Habitat Soil Health Reduced Maintenance 1

2 Natural Beauty/Conservation Wildlife Habitat The clumped structure of Native Warm Season Grasses (NWSG) provides an ideal habitat for wildlife that depend on the grasses for food, nesting, and cover. Wildflowers provide necessary food and protection for numerous birds and insects, especially migratory songbirds and quail (whose numbers have been in decline). 2

3 Soil Health NWSG spend their first year developing a root structure that can extend 5 to 15 feet. This allows NWSG to flourish on marginal ground while also building the soil through its nutrient deposits as old roots decompose and new roots extend and grow each year. This extensive root structure also aids in controlling soil erosion. Reduced Maintenance After the initial establishment, NWSG and Wildflowers require little to no maintenance or cost to maintain. Many species re-seed themselves, providing years of native establishment. 3

4 Native Warm Season Grass (NWSG) Big Bluestem Blue Grama Brome Grass Broomsedge Carpet grass Eastern Gamagrass Indiangrass Indian Rice grass Little Bluestem Narrowleaf Cattail Prairie Dropseed Purple Top Red Top Reeds Canarygrass Sand Bluestem Sand Dropseed Sand Lovegrass Sideoats Grama Squirrel Tail Switchgrass Virginia Wildrye Weeping Lovegrass Wheatgrass Native Warm Season Grass (NWSG) Big Bluestem Blue Grama Brome Grass Broomsedge Carpet grass Eastern Gamagrass Indiangrass Indian Rice grass Little Bluestem Narrowleaf Cattail Prairie Dropseed Purple Top Red Top Reeds Canarygrass Sand Bluestem Sand Dropseed Sand Lovegrass Sideoats Grama Squirrel Tail Switchgrass Virginia Wildrye Weeping Lovegrass Wheatgrass 4

5 Big Bluestem Andropogon gerardii Broomsedge Andropogon virginicus Little Bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium Indiangrass Sorghastrum nutans Sideoats Grama Bouteloua curtipendula Virginia Wildrye Elymus virginicus 5

6 Weeping Lovegrass Eragrostis curvula Switchgrass Panicum virgatum Red Top Agrostis alba 6

7 7

8 Wildflowers Achillea millefolium Asclepias incarnata Asclepias tuberosa Aster laevis *Aster novae-angliae Centaurea cyanus Chamaecrista fasciculata Cheiranthus allionii Chrysanthemum carinatum Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Chrysanthemum maximum Cichorium intybus *Coreopsis lancelata Coreopsis leavenworthii Coreopsis tinctoria Coreopsis tripteris Cosmos bipinnatus White Yarrow Swamp Milkweed Butterflyweed Smooth Aster New England Aster Cornflower Tall Mixed Partridge Pea Wallflower Painted Daisy Ox-Eye Daisy Shasta Daisy Chicory Lance-Leaved Coreopsis Leavenworth's Tickseed Plains Coreopsis Tall Coreopsis Cosmos Tall Mixed *Species Native to Tennessee Wildflowers Cosmos sulphureus Sulphur Cosmos Tall Cynoglossum amabile Chinese Forget-Me-Not Dalea purpurea Purple Prairie Clover Desmanthus illinoensis Illinois Bundleflower ( Desmodium canadense Showy Tick Trefoil Echinacea pallida Pale Purple Coneflower *Echinacea purpurea Purple Coneflower Eryngium yuccifolium Rattlesnake Master Escholzia californica California Poppy Gaillardia aristata Blanketflower Gaillardia pulchella Indian Blanket *Gypsophila elegans Annual Baby's Breath Helianthus maximiliani Maximilian Sunflower Heliopsis helianthoides Ox-Eye/False Sunflower Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket Lavatera trimestris Rose Tree Mallow Lespedeza capitata Roundheaded Lespedeza *Species Native to Tennessee 8

9 Wildflowers Lespedeza hirta *Liatris spicata Linaria maroccana *Linum grandiflorum Lobelia cardinalis Lobularia maritima Lobularia maritima Lobularia maritima Lobularia maritima Lotus corniculatus Lupinus perennis Lupinus texensis *Mirabilia multifora *Monarda citriodora Monarda fistulosa Nemophila menziesii Hairy Lespedeza Dense Blazing Star/Gayfeather Toadflax/Snapdragon Scarlet Flax Cardinal Flower Sweet Alyssum Tall (White) Sweet Alyssum Dwarf (White) Sweet Alyssum Dwarf (Purple) Sweet Alyssum Dwarf (Pink) Birdsfoot Trefoil Perennial Lupine Texas Bluebonnet Four O'Clock Lemon Mint Bergamot Baby Blue-Eyes *Species Native to Tennessee Wildflowers Oenothera lamarckiana Oenothera speciosa Papaver rhoeas Penstemon digitalis *Phlox drummondii Ratibida columnifera Ratibida pinnata *Rudbeckia amplexicaulis *Rudebekia hirta *Salvia coccinea Silene armeria Solidago rigida Trifolium incarnatum *Verbena tenuisecta Zinnia linearis Evening Primrose Showy Evening Primrose Corn Poppy Mixed Smooth Penstemon/Beardtongue Annual Phlox Mixed Prairie Coneflower Grey-Headed Coneflower Clasping Coneflower Black-Eyed Susan Scarlet Sage Catchfly Rigid Goldenrod Crimson Clover Moss Verbena Classic Zinnia *Species Native to Tennessee 9

Butterfly Perennial Pollinator Shade Native to TN Super Short Wet Meadow Mix

10 Wildflowers Mixes Annuals for Sun Bird & Butterfly Cut Flower Deer Resistant Detension Basin Edible Flower Fragrant Knee Hi Low Growing Moist Area Monarch Butterfly Perennial Pollinator Shade Native to TN Super Short Wet Meadow Mix Other Mixes include Regional and Color Specific Annuals for Sun Bird & Butterfly Cut Flower 10

11 Deer Resistant Edible Flower Fragrant Flower Hummingbird Knee Hi Hummingbird 11

12 Low Growing Native to Tennessee Shade Red, White, and Blue Partridge Pea Crown Vetch 12

13 Fine Fescue & Wildflowers Fine Fescue & Wildflowers Fine Fescue & Wildflowers NWSG & Wildflowers NWSG & Wildflowers Fine Fescue & Wildflowers 13

Mid-March to July is the best time November for dormant seeding Soil

14 Wildflowers NWSG Fine Fescues Establishing & Maintaining Timing is everything. Mid-March to July is the best time November for dormant seeding Soil Preparation A firm, prepared seed bed is best. Erosion control applications require minor adjustments Seed Installation Broadcast Drill 14

15 Establishing & Maintaining Fertilization & Weed Control Starter fertilizer at seeding Imazapic herbicide (check label) Other Maintenance Yearly remove of dead plant matter Technical Advice Pasture & Range Plants, Second Edition 2006, Fort Hays State University Appalachian Wildflowers, 2000, Thomas E. Hemmerly National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers Eastern Region, 1995, National Audubon Society Southeastern Wildflowers, 1999, Jan W. Midgley Wildflowers of the Natchez Trace, 2000, Stephen L. Timme and Caleb C.K. Timme Wildflowers of the Eastern United States, 1999, Wilbur H. Duncan and Marion B. Duncan 15

16 Questions/Comments THANK YOU! 16

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