Operation Pollinator Michigan: Phase IA
|
|
- Isabel Hamilton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Year 1 Summary Report, 2010 Rufus Isaacs, Julianna Tuell, and Keith Mason Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 202 CIPS Bldg., East Lansing, MI Contact: isaacsr@msu.edu Sponsors: Page 1
2 Background and Purpose of this Study To meet the needs of an ever growing human population, agriculture faces several important challenges related to finite resources. One of these finite resources is arable land. Some of this land is being lost through conversion to other land uses. Some land has been degraded through unsustainable agricultural practices, resulting in loss of top soil and/or loss of ecosystem function. Some landscapes that would otherwise provide resources for wildlife such as pollinators and predators of crop pests have become devoid of these habitats or have become fragmented such that these ecosystem services have become degraded. The current model in conventional agriculture is high yields through planting large acreages of monoculture crops managed using synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and cultural practices (e.g. tilling) implemented to reduce pest and disease pressure. This includes removal or suppression of plants that might provide habitat for beneficial wildlife in field borders. For crops that require animal-mediated pollination, this system of agriculture places a heavy burden on a single pollinator: the European honey bee. However, in North America there are more than 4000 different non-honey making, mostly solitary bee species that could provide pollination services if given the resources that they need to thrive. These bees require nesting materials or undisturbed nesting areas, such as ground that is minimally or only shallowly tilled, field borders containing bunch grasses, and nesting boxes or blocks. They also require access to flowering plants for nectar and pollen in field margins when the focal crop is not in bloom. There are several examples of systems in which native or other non-apis bees already contribute a significant proportion of crop pollination (e.g. native bees in melon fields in Pennsylvania and New Jersey; squash bees on Cucurbita spp. along the mid-atlantic states; Andrena spp. in lowbush blueberry in Maine and Nova Scotia). What these crops all have in common is that they are grown in relatively small patches surrounded by heterogeneous landscapes that apparently contain sufficient resources to maintain populations. Operation Pollinator is a spin-off of a project begun in the UK called the The Buzz Project and later called Operation Bumble Bee in which flowering plants are added back into intensive agricultural landscapes with the goal of increasing wild bee abundance and the valuable ecosystem services they provide. The project was begun in 2010 in Michigan, Florida, and California. The aim of Phase IA of Operation Pollinator was to test different regionally adapted flowering native plant mixes, to assess the cost and ease of establishment, and their attractiveness to wild pollinators. This study was conducted in collaboration with Jamie Ellis lab at the University of Florida and Neal William s lab at UC Davis, who will be submitting separate reports. Page 2
3 Michigan has a diverse agricultural sector, with farms across the state that include many valuable pollination-dependent crops such as blueberry, apple, cherry, pickling cucumbers, etc. worth over $500 million in Michigan is one of the leading producers of fruit and vegetable crops. Much of the pollination of these crops is done by managed honey bees. Native bees have the potential to make an important contribution to pollination of these crops. Operation Pollinator is a natural fit to expand the knowledge of bee conservation efforts among growers and decision-makers in Michigan agriculture. Prior to and independent of this project, the Michigan team has been involved with several pollinator conservation projects. The native bees associated with highbush blueberry in Michigan have been identified. Forty-three different native perennials have been tested for their attractiveness to pollinators and use in pollinator conservation plantings. Resource plantings are currently being tested next to blueberry and apple orchards. The native plant study and our experiences with conservation plantings in Michigan have greatly influenced our selection of the plants used in the perennial mixes for this study in Michigan. An active extension-outreach program to engage growers in the concept of conservation plantings for pollinators is already underway. Aims and Objectives Phase I is the Field Research Phase of Operation Pollinator in North America. The main objective of Phase I is to evaluate a variety of seed mixes to enhance native bee populations on field margins and determine which seed choices are the most viable/preferred for native bee pollinators in Michigan. For Phase IA, our main objective is to develop region-specific activities for establishing and managing pollinator habitat, so that during Phase IB we will be able to test and verify the results on commercial production farms. This report describes the 2010 results from Phase IA Operation Pollinator studies in Michigan. Page 3
4 Sites selected for Phase IA in Michigan Initially, four sites were selected, all fruit research stations belonging to the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station of Michigan State University: the Northwest Michigan Horticultural Research Station (NWMHRS), the Clarksville Horticulture and Extension Station (CHES), the Trevor Nichols Research Complex (TNRC), and the Southwest Michigan Research and Extension Center (SWMREC) (Figure 1). After it became evident that there was poor stand establishment, the SWMREC site was dropped. NWMHRS NWMHRS CHES CHES TNRC SWMREC SWMREC TNRC Figure 1. Locations and aerial photos of sites selected for Phase IA in Michigan. Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of the three sites sampled in Site Location Elevation Nearest town Soil series name NWMHRS N 791 Traverse City, MI Emmet-Leelanau Complex W CHES N W 872 Clarksville, MI Lapeer Sandy Loam/ Dryden Sandy Loam TNRC N W 675 Fennville, MI Brookston Loam Page 4
5 Experimental Design At each site, six different treatment plots were randomly distributed and seeded in the spring of The treatments consist of a control plot, a basic annual mix, a diverse annual mix, a basic perennial mix, a diverse perennial mix, and a plot planted on one half with the basic annual mix and on the other with the basic perennial mix. In addition, on one end of each set of plots, one plot of flowering buckwheat was planted for comparison. Table 2 contains the species and quantities (pounds per acre) that were used. Table 2. Native seed mixes tested in Phase IA. Treatment No. Seed Mix Rate (lbs/acre) 1 Weedy control n/a 2 Annual Basic Triodanis perfoliata (Venus looking glass) Linum sulcatum (grooved yellow flax) Lobelia inflata (Indian tobacco) Coreopsis tinctoria (plains coreopsis) Cassia fasciculata (partridge pea) Total Annual Diverse Triodanis perfoliata (Venus looking glass) Linum sulcatum (grooved yellow flax) Lobelia inflata (Indian tobacco) Coreopsis tinctoria (plains coreopsis) Cassia fasciculata (partridge pea) Cleome serrulata (rocky mountain bee plant) Froelichia floridana (cottonweed) Agalinis tenuifolia (slender gerardia) Total Perennial Basic (80/20 Perennial/Clover) Rudbeckia hirta (black-eyed Susan) Lupinus perennis (wild lupine) Monarda fistulosa (wild bergamot) Solidago speciosa (showy goldenrod) Dalea purpurea (purple prairie clover) Total Perennial Diverse (80/20 Perennial/Clover) Rudbeckia hirta (black-eyed Susan) Lupinus perennis (wild lupine) Monarda fistulosa (wild bergamot) Solidago speciosa (showy goldenrod) Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed) Ratibida pinnata (yellow coneflower) Silphium perfoliatum (cup plant) Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (New England aster) Symphyotrichum leave (smooth aster) Dalea purpurea (purple prairie clover) Total Annual/Perennial/Clover (50/40/10) Triodanis perfoliata (Venus looking glass) Linum sulcatum (grooved yellow flax) Lobelia inflata (Indian tobacco) Coreopsis tinctoria (plains coreopsis) Cassia fasciculata (partridge pea) Rudbeckia hirta (black-eyed Susan) Lupinus perennis (wild lupine) Monarda fistulosa (wild bergamot) Solidago speciosa (showy goldenrod) Dalea purpurea (purple prairie clover) Total Buckwheat control Page 5
6 Perennial species were selected based on the Michigan team s prior experience with the perennials in earlier studies. The annual species were selected based on availability and likelihood of attracting bees, and on the soil moisture requirements specified in seed catalogs. The rates used were calculations based on a desired number of seeds per square foot, which were between seeds per square foot, with the exception of the buckwheat which was planted according to the book Managing Cover Crops Profitably. Flowering buckwheat is known to attract bees and is an inexpensive non-native, commonly used cover crop. A number of the annual species required a cold treatment prior to seeding if seeding in the spring, which they were given using refrigeration. However, nearly all of the species that were given a cold treatment failed to emerge in the plots after seeding. Therefore, it is recommended that during Phase IB that plots be seeded in the fall so that seeds can be naturally cold stratified. Plot Set-up and Maintenance Notes At all sites in the fall prior to planting, soil samples were collected from each plot and each received an application of Round-up (glyphosate) for weed suppression. Plots were then rotovated in the late fall. In the following spring, all plots except the control plots were treated with Touchdown Total (glyphosate) two weeks prior to planting. On the day of planting, excess dead vegetation was removed from plots by hand with rakes. As Leelanau County is a historically dry area, an overhead mister irrigation system was installed at the NWMHRS site to foster plant establishment. Hand weeding was performed in plots as needed to prevent weed species from setting seed. Additionally, all perennial plots at the CHES site were mowed to suppress weeds in mid-july. Perennial grasses were particularly difficult to control with hand weeding, so Fusilade DX (Fluazifop-P-butyl) was applied in late July to all plots at CHES and TNRC, excluding the control plots. Plots at NWMHRS were not treated because grass was not a problem at that site. The next few pages contain images of each of the sites and plots at peak bloom. Page 6
7 Northwest Michigan Horticultural Research Station (NWMHRS) Page 7
8 Clarksville Horticultural Experiment Station (CHES) Page 8
9 Trevor Nichols Research Complex (TNRC) Page 9
10 Sampling Methods Floral Density Sampling In association with each bee sampling day (see below), each plot was sampled for floral density, either on the same day as the bee sampling, or within one day of bee sampling. Sampling was conducted using standard quadrats. Ten 0.5 by 1 m quadrats were randomly distributed throughout the plot. The only exception to this was in the Annual/Perennial plot in which five quadrats were randomly distributed down the Annual side of the plot, and five quadrats were randomly distributed down the Perennial side of the plot. Also, at the TNRC site, only half of the Annual Basic plot was successful in establishing, so only five quadrats were used to assess floral density in this plot. Results were adjusted accordingly. Within each quadrat, each kind of flowering plant was identified using the Peterson Field Guide to Wildflowers (Northeastern/North-central North America). The number of flowers per kind of plant was counted. The proportion of the quadrat occupied by the plant in bloom was estimated. At the first instance of a plant flowering, a sample was taken to verify its identity and to measure the diameter of individual flowers so that floral area could be calculated. Sampling was only conducted in plots in which desired plants were in bloom. Other than in the control plot where everything that bloomed was counted, only the plant species that were intentionally planted were counted when they were in bloom. Floral Density Sampling Dates in 2010 Site NWMHRS 28 June 20 July 5 Aug 19 Aug 3 Sept 20 Sept CHES 29 June 22 July 4 Aug 18 Aug 1 Sept 30 Sept TNRC 29 June 21 July 4 Aug 18 Aug 13 Sept 1 Oct Page 10
11 Flower Visitor Observations This sampling was conducted only when plots were in bloom and when the following weather conditions were met: sky clear to mostly sunny, temperature greater than 16C (60.8F) (or if overcast, temp > 21C (69.8F)), and wind speed less than 4.5 m/s (10 mph). A pocket weather meter (Kestrel 2500, Nielsen-Kellerman, Boothwyn, PA) was set up at shoulder height, out of direct sunlight, to record temperature and maximum wind speed. Each plot was sampled between 9:00 and 16:00, for two 10 minute periods, for a total of 20 minutes, or when only half the plot was in bloom, for one 10 minute period. Observations were conducted by walking slowly around each plot, stopping every few feet to watch denser patches of flowers for up to 1 minute then moving on again. The shadow of the observer was kept from overlapping areas that were yet to be observed so as not to disturb potential flower visitors. All bees, butterflies, and hover flies (syrphids) observed alighting on or moving between flowers were recorded. Butterflies were identified by color patterns, bees were identified by description of color and size, or by genus and species when possible. Page 11
12 Vacuum Sampling On a day when both weather conditions and flower abundance were optimal, immediately following the end of observations, each plot was vacuum sampled using a leaf blower modified into a vacuum (Stihl BG55, Norfolk, VA) with a fine mesh bag (Kaplan Simon Co., Braintree, MA) placed over the intake to capture the sample. All the vegetation in the plots was sampled or for up to 5 total minutes of sampling. Samples were kept on ice then stored in a freezer until they could be sorted. To sort the samples, all arthropods were sorted from plant material which was discarded. Arthropods were then counted and identified to groups of interest (see list below of categories used). Identification is still underway and so the results are not able to be reported here. Category Coleoptera - Chrysomellidae Coleoptera - other Coleoptera - weevils Diptera - other Diptera - syrphids Hemiptera - aphids & hoppers Hemiptera - other bugs Hemiptera - tarnished plant bug Hymenoptera - ants Hymenoptera - other wasps Hymenoptera - parasitic wasps Hymenoptera - bees (and then to genus/species) Lepidoptera - brushfooted butterflies Lepidoptera - caterpillars Lepidoptera - moths Lepidoptera - white & sulphur butterflies Spiders Page 12
13 Results Which native species bloomed in the first year? ANNUALS: Of the species planted in the annual plots, there were two that did very well: Coreopsis tinctoria (on the left below) and Cassia fasciculata (in the middle below). In the annual diverse plots, Cleome serrulata (on the right below) and Lobelia inflata (not pictured) also bloomed. Triodanis perfoliata, Linum sulcatum, Froelichia floridana, and Agalinis tenuifolia failed to bloom in the annual plots. PERENNIALS: Of the species planted in the perennial plots, only the Rudbeckia hirta (on the left below) and Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (on the right below) bloomed, but Lupinus perennis, Monarda fistulosa, Solidago speciosa, Asclepias syriaca, Ratibida pinnata, and Dalea purpurea were detected and are expected to bloom in the second year. Silphium perfoliatum and Symphyotrichum leave were not detected or could not be distinguished in the first year. Page 13
14 Floral Density Below are graphs depicting floral density as it progressed throughout the season at each plot and site. Buckwheat plots bloomed first and then tapered off as the annual plots began to bloom. The perennial plots were the last to come into bloom and had the lowest overall floral density, which is expected in the first year of perennials planted from seed NWMHRS Control Annual Basic Annual Diverse Perennial Basic Perennial Diverse Annual/Perennial Buckwheat Flo ral de nsit y (cm 2 ) per 5 m CHES TNRC Sample Round Page 14
15 Below is the average bloom density across the three sites. Average floral density (cm 2 ) per 5 m Control Annual Basic Annual Diverse Perennial Basic Perennial Diverse Annual/Perennial Buckwheat Sample Round Plots in peak bloom at NWMHRS: Native annuals Native perennials Buckwheat Control Page 15
16 Flower Visitors Timed observations at each plot at each site during 2010, revealed strong preferences in some groups of flower visitors compared with others. Hover flies were least abundant in the control plots and perennial basic plots and most abundant in the annual plots. Butterflies, in particular the Pearl Crescent butterfly, were more abundant in the perennial diverse, and annual/perennial plots than in the other plots. Non-Apis bees (i.e. bees other than honey bees) were distributed relatively evenly among the plots, except that they were somewhat lower in the control plots. When observed in the annual plots, bees in the sweat bee family (Halictidae) preferred the Coreopsis tinctoria. Bumble bees showed a preference for Cassia fasciculata and Cleome serrulata (when present) in the annual plots. These patterns may also be a response to the higher flower density in the annual plots. Honey bees were more likely to be found in control plots than in any of the native plant plots, which may not be surprising since they appeared to be more attracted to flowers originally native to Europe and either naturalized (in the case of the control plots) or planted (as in the case of the buckwheat plots). In particular, honey bees preferred the buckwheat plot when it was in bloom over the other plots. Avg. no. of individuals per 10 min honey bees non-apis bees butterflies hover flies Page 16
17 The abundance of hover flies, butterflies, non-apis bees, and honey bees observed in each plot per 10 minutes observation are shown below Hover flies Butterflies Avg. no. of indi vid uals per 10 min Non-Apis bees Honey bees Page 17
18 Conclusions In this first year of Operation Pollinator in Michigan, we have planted and evaluated four mixes and a combination of native seeds for their ability to support pollinators. At the start of the season, Michigan experienced very cold and late freeze conditions that delayed planting, followed by unseasonably hot conditions in May. These combined to make spring plot establishment and maintenance challenging. In addition, there was high weed pressure due to the presence of weedy grasses in two of the three sites, although these were controlled with selective herbicides. Hand weeding was used in these plots and this would not be practical for larger scale plots. We therefore emphasize the need to integrate effective weed control plans into establishment of such plots, ideally with one year pre-plant weed control to minimize the competition present in pollinator plantings. All plots had some flowering of the planted mix species, although this was also variable among sites. In the annual mix, Coreopsis tinctoria and Cassia fasciculata were most successful in establishing, and in the diverse annual mix we also saw Cleome serrulata establish well. In the perennial plots, Rudbeckia hirta and Symphyotrichum novae-angliae bloomed in the first year, and other species were detected. We expect much higher abundance and diversity in these plots in The mixes tested provided bloom from mid-summer to late-summer in this first growing season, but we expect a much greater spread of bloom times in 2011 after annual seeds experience normal overwintering conditions and perennials have a full year of growth. Floral visitor observations at these plots through the summer revealed strong preferences in some groups of insects. Non-Apis bees were distributed relatively evenly among the plots, except that they were somewhat higher in the plots seeded with native plants. When observed in the annual plots, halictid bees preferred the Coreopsis tinctoria, while bumble bees showed a preference for Cassia fasciculata and Cleome serrulata. Honey bees were more likely to be found in control plots than in any of the native plant plots. This suggests a preference for nonnative plants by this non-native insect. Hover flies were most attracted to annual plants, whereas butterflies were more abundant in the perennial diverse plot and the annual/perennial plots. Plots of buckwheat established next to the native plant plots, bloomed in high abundance and attracted honey bees and butterflies, but were no more attractive across the whole season to the hover flies and non-apis bees. Page 18
19 Lessons Learned The combination of late frost followed by unseasonably warm temperatures made spring plot establishment and maintenance challenging in This suggests that a thorough fall site preparation followed by a frost-seeding is the best method for establishing these kinds of plots in this region. This will provide the added benefit of improved seed stratification. Only three of the annual species germinated and flowered in the plots. The species that were not successful required a cold treatment. Although an artificial treatment was applied prior to seeding, we expect that fall seeding would provide these conditions more appropriately. High weed pressure from perennial grasses was experienced at two of the four sites in 2010, necessitating the use of selective herbicides and hand weeding. Hand weeding would be impractical in Phase IB and would be cost-prohibitive for growers. In 2011, we will pay closer attention to grass weed development and be prepared with a selective grass herbicide if needed. Flowers that were dominant in the perennial plots seemed to establish well and be attractive to bees during the first season. These early-bloomers should be included in mixes to provide Year 1 show that will keep growers interest in maintaining the planting, rather than having only vegetative growth in Year 1. Sampling multiple farms in different part of the state with the unpredictability of Midwest summer weather is challenging. Closer geographic location of plots would help make this project more efficient and improve data quality. Relevant Outreach Activities Tuell, J. (Dec 2010) Farm Management Strategies for Encouraging Vine Crop Pollinators. Great Lakes Fruit, Vegetable and Farm Market Expo, Grand Rapids, MI (30 minute talk, 100 growers) Presented two meetings (September 2, 2010 in Traverse City area and September 9, 2010 in Fennville area) on Conserving Beneficial Insects for Crop Pollination and Pest Suppression. These meetings were designed to help growers learn to identify native bees and natural enemies, establish and maintain wildflower plantings, update on current MSU-SARE research, and inform on cost sharing opportunities that exist to help establish habitats for beneficial insects. Attendees at both meetings included fruit growers, crop consultants, USDA-NRCS and USDA-FSA staff, MSU Extension staff, and members of our Operation Pollinator Team. Page 19
20 Acknowledgements We thank Beth Ansaldi, Alyson Rich, and Brett Blaauw for assistance with data collection, and the staff of the research stations for plot maintenance assistance. Thanks also to the many undergraduate students in our lab for field assistance. We also thank Operation Pollinator for the support of this research project. Page 20
Guide to Identification Mid-Atlantic Pollinator Conservation Seed Mix
Guide to Identification Mid-Atlantic Pollinator Conservation Seed Mix Conservation Innovation Grant Project Expanding Pollinator Species Habitat Sites Utilizing Compost Filter Socks Conservation Innovation
More informationPOLLINATOR HABITAT PLANTING
POLLINATOR HABITAT PLANTING Michigan CRP - SAFE CP-38E Pollinator Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Pollinators provide a very important ecological service. Approximately three quarters of
More informationAppendix S1. Methods and analysis of establishing and maintaining wildflower plantings
1 Appendix S1. Methods and analysis of establishing and maintaining wildflower plantings 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Field margins were prepared for the establishment of
More informationCreating Functional Habitats on Golf Courses as a True IPM Approach
Creating Functional Habitats on Golf Courses as a True IPM Approach Adam Dale, PhD Entomology & Nematology Department Florida s Golf Industry Over 1,100 golf courses and nearly 525 golf communities The
More informationWildflower Garden Guide
Wildflower Garden Guide Contents What is a Wildflower Pollinator Garden?... 3 Why is it Important?... 5 How to Build a Wildflower Garden... 6 Choosing Your Garden Location... 6 Choosing Your Wildflower
More informationCompanion Planting & Garden Design
Companion Planting & Garden Design Andy Waltke, M.S. Creighton University Common Soil Seed Library Lecture Series Companion Planting This term describes the growing of different species of plants together
More informationVegetated Compost Filter Sock for Establishing or Enhancing Pollinator Habitat Conservation Innovation Grant Project. Specifications & Methodology
Vegetated Compost Filter Sock for Establishing or Enhancing Pollinator Habitat Conservation Innovation Grant Project Specifications & Methodology Conservation Practice Installation The use of a compost
More informationSEED lacrosseseed.com Native Restoration Guidelines
info@laxseed.com 800.356.SEED lacrosseseed.com Native Restoration Guidelines Step 1: Research and Planning Well in advance of planting day, set aside some time to think about all of the steps involved
More informationTITLE: Promoting bee health and nutrition through flowering lawns. Research update, January 2018
TITLE: Promoting bee health and nutrition through flowering lawns Research update, January 2018 RESEARCH LEADERS: Alec Kowalewski, Turfgrass Specialist, Carolyn Breece, Faculty Research Assistant, Oregon
More informationLEARNING, GROWING, SHARING "By Inviting Butterflies"
LEARNING, GROWING, SHARING "By Inviting Butterflies" Mila Berhane Senior Research Associate Southern University Agricultural Research and Extension Center Email: milagro_berhane@suagcenter.com or greenhand@cox.net
More informationNative Seedings to Resist Canada Thistle Invasion
Native Seedings to Resist Canada Thistle Invasion Roger Becker, Lee Klossner and Milt Haar University of Minnesota Rosemount, Lamberton MN Functional Groups Research Resistance to Invasive Canada thistle
More informationAn identification guide to Native Pollinator Plants of South Dakota
An identification guide to Native Pollinator Plants of South Dakota Amanda Bachmann SDSU Extension Pesticide Education & Urban Entomology Field Specialist Mike Dunbar SDSU Postdoctoral Research Associate
More informationBest Vegetable Garden Ever. C Compost will improve your soil C Calendar to plan your garden C Consistency in your care
Best Vegetable Garden Ever C Compost will improve your soil C Calendar to plan your garden C Consistency in your care Gardening Is All About The Soil The Soil is the Stomach of the Plant Adding Amendments
More informationConstruction of a Rain Garden
Construction of a Rain Garden Location: Stevens Point Airport by S. Kufahl - AmeriCorps Water Quality & Conservation Educator - Aug 2011 - The following is a pictorial presentation of the construction
More informationJennings County Soil and Water Conservation District
Jennings County Soil and Water Conservation District Share Some Space Project Spring 2016 Plant Sale ORDER FORM (Pre Pay Order) Order deadline is March 18, 2016 ITEM PRICE QUANTITY TOTAL PRICE Butterfly
More informationLandscaping that benefits the environment and community. A guide to native landscaping in Illinois
Landscaping that benefits the environment and community A guide to native landscaping in Illinois Let s do it together At hillips 66, we are dedicated to being good stewards of the environment. We re proud
More informationHedgerow restoration and pollinators: bee communities, costs, and benefits
Hedgerow restoration and pollinators: bee communities, costs, and benefits Photo by R. Long Lora Morandin, Claire Kremen, and Hillary Sardinas University of California, Berkeley Diversified Farm Systems
More informationBest Management Practices. Monarch Habitat in Your Backyard
Best Management Practices Monarch Habitat in Your Backyard Monarch butterflies are a ubiquitous sight in natural areas throughout the United States. Perhaps the most well-known and beloved butterfly in
More informationAttracting beneficial insects to home gardens
Attracting beneficial insects to home gardens Maggie Reiter Environmental Horticulture Advisor UC Cooperative Extension Fresno/Madera/Tulare/Kings Counties With slides from: Ruth Dahlquist-Willard Small
More informationCover crops: Inviting Natural Enemies into Your Orchard
Cover crops: Inviting Natural Enemies into Your Orchard NRCS Training Session Cover Crops in Orchards and Vineyards 19 May 2011 Quincy Fire Hall, Quincy, WA Elizabeth H. Beers Tree Fruit Research & Extension
More informationIntegrated Pest Management
Integrated Pest Management Integrated Pest Management is a term used to describe an effective and environmentally sensitive approach to pest management. IPM relies on an intimate knowledge of the life
More information2018 Pollinator Protection Efforts in Dane County. Progress Report
2018 Pollinator Protection Efforts in Dane County Progress Report The Dane County Environmental Council is charged with guiding the implementation of the report recommendations produced by the Dane County
More informationTHE INS AND OUTS OF NATIVE PLANTINGS. Aimee Zimmermann Liz Reed
THE INS AND OUTS OF NATIVE PLANTINGS Aimee Zimmermann Liz Reed EOT SWCD WHAT DO WE DO? Irrigation Scheduling and Nutrient Management Native Seedings and Drill Rental Tree Sales and Tree Planting Water
More informationNative Butterfly Meadow. Volunteer. Professional. Volunteer + Professional DRAFT COPY
Volunteer Professional Volunteer + Professional Native Butterfly Meadow Image Source: Liz West, Monarch. 16 September 2008 via Flickr, CC-BY-2.0 DRAFT COPY 2 HELLO MY NAME IS Native Butterfly Meadow The
More informationArkansas Agronomy Technical Note 1 Conservation Practice Seeding Recommendations February 1, 2014
Arkansas Agronomy Technical Note 1 Conservation Practice Seeding Recommendations February 1, 2014 Introduction This technical note may be used to develop site specific recommendations for Arkansas NRCS
More informationNative Plant Information Sheet
Canada Anemone Anemone canadensis Sun to partial shade Average Soil Height/Width: H: 1-2 Blooms: White; Summer Comments: Aggressive spreader; makes good ground cover. Check it out growing in Woldumar s
More informationResidential Habitat Restoration: A Focus on Meadows
Residential Habitat Restoration: A Focus on Meadows Diana Raichel, Conservation Biologist NJ Butterflies and their Habitats Jim Springer, North American Butterfly Association "Understanding the effects
More informationWhat s Blooming Now?
My gardening philosophy at this time of years is I Live in the Garden I Just Sleep in the House. 27 Bunns Rd., Box 25, Grp. 310, RR 3, Selkirk, MB. R1A 2A8 Phone/Fax 204-785-9799 Toll Free 1-866-296-0928
More informationThe Prairie Meadow: 15 feet x 23 feet Louise Engelstad, Landscaping With Native Plants, c 2014
1 The Prairie Meadow: 15 feet x 23 feet Louise Engelstad, Landscaping With Native Plants, c 2014 According to Plants of the Black Hills and Bear Lodge Mountains, this area is classified as a mixed grass
More informationlove a bug pocket guide
a love bug pocket guide BBC Breathing Places is a major BBC Learning campaign to inspire and motivate you to create and care for nature-friendly green spaces where you live. Getting out and enjoying nature
More informationStudent Senate Legacy Area
Student Senate Legacy Area In 2012, the Student Senate Legacy Project began with a functional landscape idea. The first part of the project was a 3,000 square foot native grasses and wildflower restoration
More informationNative Plant Catalog
Native Plant Catalog 2018 Annual Native Plant Sale Pick-Up: Wednesday, May 9th, 2018, 2:00 PM - 6:00 PM Hemlock Crossing Nature Education Center: 8115 West Olive Rd, West Olive, MI 49460 Grasses Big Bluestem
More informationHigh Performance Landscape Research. A GSA-BRIT Research Collaboration
High Performance Landscape Research A GSA-BRIT Research Collaboration Background Presidential Memorandum Pollinator health Pollinator research Collaboration with the General Services Administration (GSA)
More informationComparison Blackberry Production Under High Tunnels and Field Conditions. High Tunnels
Comparison Blackberry Production Under High Tunnels and Field Conditions Dr. Elena Garcia Professor Dept. of Horticulture University of Arkansas High Tunnels What are high tunnels? High tunnels are passively
More informationAll About Rain Gardens
All About Rain Gardens The Problem: We all know what happens when it rains a bunch puddles, overflowing creeks, and flooded basements. Impervious surfaces such as streets, rooftops, sidewalks, and parking
More informationCity of Richardson Parks & Recreation Department. Wildflower Planting Program
City of Richardson Parks & Recreation Department Wildflower Planting Program Breckinridge Park 1990 The City of Richardson distinguishes itself from neighboring cities with the first blanket of wildflowers
More informationTiming Kerb Applications in Lettuce
Timing s in Lettuce Barry Tickes, University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Introduction Kerb (Pronamide) is one of the three main herbicides used in lettuce. Results of the Arizona Agricultural Statistics
More informationBiodiversity in Urban Gardens Project Report Summer 2017 Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz
Biodiversity in Urban Gardens Project Report Summer 2017 Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz Dear Gardeners, Garden Managers, and Staff, Here is our report for the Biodiversity
More informationPeach IPM Elements Revised March, 2012
Peach IPM Elements Revised March, 2012 Edited by Joe Kovach Contributing Authors: Celeste Welty (Entomology); Diane Miller, Doug Doohan, (Horticulture & Crop Science); Mike Ellis (Plant Pathology) The
More informationVegetarian Newsletter
Vegetarian Newsletter A Horticultural Sciences Department Extension Publication on Vegetable Crops Eat your Veggies!!!!! Issue No. 540 December 2008 Optimum Planting Dates for Intercropped Cucumber, Squash,
More informationPLANTING GUIDE TO GRASSES AND LEGUMES
PLANTING GUIDE TO GRASSES AND LEGUMES for Forage and Wildlife in Georgia Reviewed by Dennis W. Hancock, PhD. Prepared by R. Dewey Lee, PhD. This planting guide will help producers establish grasses and
More informationThe Buzz. Outstanding Pollinator Gardens. April In this issue: Pollinator Garden of Merit: Gardens of Ed Dix
The Buzz April 2017 In this issue: Pollinator Garden of Merit: Gardens of Ed Dix News from the Center for Pollinator Research Pollinator protection plan Protecting Pollinators: Avoiding Invasives Butterfly
More informationGood Bugs. Hunt for bugs -- Identify beneficial insects from pictures. Goal: Supplies:
good bugs 1 Good Bugs Activity: Goal: Hunt for bugs -- Identify beneficial insects from pictures To learn what beneficial insects are and how you can attract them and use them in your garden Supplies:
More informationIPM Fun with Insects, Weeds and the Environment. Lesson #3 Weed IPM. The New York State Integrated Pest Management Program
IPM Fun with Insects, Weeds and the Environment Lesson #3 Weed IPM The New York State Integrated Pest Management Program Learn how you can use the 6 steps of integrated pest management to help protect
More informationMINIBEASTS, HABITATS AND SOIL
MINIBEASTS, HABITATS AND SOIL Learn more about pollinators and build soil fertility in an orchard. This lesson plan was written by The Orchard Project, a charity that work in partnership with local communities
More informationTurfgrass IPM Advisory
Turfgrass IPM Advisory Seasonal Turfgrass Pest Update, Utah State University Extension, Winter 2013 Turfgrass Management The choice of turfgrass species isn t discussed very often as a turf management
More informationMatted Row Strawberries: The Basics
Matted Row Strawberries: The Basics David T. Handley, Vegetable and Small Fruits Specialist University of Maine Cooperative Extension Highmoor Farm, P.O. Box 179, Monmouth, Maine 04259 (207) 933-2100 The
More informationThese are non-living factors that influence the performance of a crop. Ex. Climate, weather, soil type, soil fertility, etc.
HORT 102: Climate and Weather Cultivated Plants: Lecture 18 [Teresa Koenig] Slide #: 1 Slide Title: Intro Information Slide Title: Lecture 15 Climate and Weather Speaker: Teresa Koenig Created by: Teresa
More informationJUNE La'Wn Seeding. L. E. Longley. University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station
Ill 355 JUNE 1941 of La'Wn Seeding By L. E. Longley University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Date and Rate of Lawn Seeding 1 L. E. Longley THE AMOUNT of lawn grass to sow and the time of
More informationButterflies. Gardening for
Gardening for Butterflies DENISE WHITTLE In the UK our gardens cover two million acres of land that s 15 million gardens, each of which can be a mini nature reserve for butterflies and moths, cared for
More information2018, 11:00 AM - 2:00 PM
Native Plant Catalog 2018 Fall Native Plant Sale Sale and Order Pick-Up: Saturday, September 29 th, 2018, 11:00 AM - 2:00 PM Hemlock Crossing Nature Education Center: 8115 West Olive Rd, West Olive, MI
More informationLife of a Lawn. Fact Sheet
Life of a Lawn Fact Sheet Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of Health Canada, 2008 All rights reserved. No part of this information (publication or product) may be reproduced
More informationDiscoveries with Sweep nets
Discoveries with Sweep nets Pest Control Standards check Activity Essential Question: What pests and predators do you have on your club site? At a Glance: Learners will survey their club site for signs
More informationThe Milkweed Seed Market Availability, production challenges, and strategies for growth
The Milkweed Seed Market Availability, production challenges, and strategies for growth Scott Hoffman Black, Brianna Borders, and Eric Lee-Mäder The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation Photo:
More informationMillion Pollinator Garden Challenge. Toolkit. Help Us P lant One Million Gardens
Million Pollinator Garden Challenge Toolkit Help Us P lant One Million Gardens THANKS FOR JOINING THE MILLION POLLINATOR GARDEN CHALLENGE WE ARE GLAD TO HAVE YOU INVOLVED. The Million Pollinator Garden
More informationThe Monarch Sanctuary By: Sam Baker
The Monarch Sanctuary By: Sam Baker Email: samueljbaker@lewisu.edu MAILBOX #: 2205 Page 1 Table of Contents Introduction... 2 Plan... 2-4 Conclusion... 5 References... 6-7 Page 2 Introduction The world
More informationMercer EducationalGardens. Meadow (3/4 acre)
Mercer EducationalGardens Meadow (3/4 acre) Photo courtesy of Hopewell Township engineer June 2008 2007-2010 Wetland Meadow Restoration At Meadow Restoration Mercer Educational Gardens Meadow in 2007 Reed
More informationPPA NATIVE PLANT SALE 2015
PPA NATIVE PLANT SALE 2015 PLANT HABITAT LISTS Use these lists to find the best plants for your property. If you live in the Pine Barrens, the best choices for your home are listed in the Pine Barrens
More informationBe sure to follow us on Instagram.
Planting native doesn t only make a beautiful landscape; it provides vital habitats, food, and shelter for wildlife. Native plants are already adapted and will thrive in our environmental conditions, saving
More informationLandscaping for Wildlife
Landscaping for Wildlife Mid-Atlantic Ecological Landscape Partnership (MAEscapes) York County Conservation District 2008 YCCD 1 Presenter Gary R. Peacock, Watershed Specialist York County Conservation
More informationTitle: Operation Monarch for Golf Courses: Developing Protocols for Monarch Butterfly Conservation Plantings in Golf Course Naturalized Roughs
2016-36-606 Title: Operation Monarch for Golf Courses: Developing Protocols for Monarch Butterfly Conservation Plantings in Golf Course Naturalized Roughs Project Leader: Daniel A. Potter; Co-Investigators:
More informationEstablishing Pollinator Habitat: Making the Most of Out-of-Play
Establishing Pollinator Habitat: Making the Most of Out-of-Play Sara Tucker University of Rhode Island Why are we talking about Pollinators? Pollinator Decline Pesticide exposure Increasingly prevalent
More informationPREPLANT COVER CROPS FOR STRAWBERRIES
PREPLANT COVER CROPS FOR STRAWBERRIES Dr. Marvin Pritts, Department of Horticulture, Cornell University s College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ithaca, NY 14853 Dr. Gail Nonnecke, Department of Horticulture,
More informationAlternative Pesticide Management for the Lawn and Garden
Alternative Pesticide Management for the Lawn and Garden XCM-221 A pest-free lawn and garden may sound ideal, but is it really? Maintaining the perfect urban landscape may result in a reliance on pesticides
More informationBUTTERFLY GARDEN PLANTS. Plant Information all plants native to Michigan except where noted
BUTTERFLY GARDEN PLANTS Plant Information all plants native to Michigan except where noted Butterfly Garden Plants - Perennials Yarrow Achillea millefolium 1-2 tall Blooms: Jul-Aug Nodding Wild Onion Allium
More informationRAINGARDENS STEP 1: INFILTRATION TEST TIP TECHNICAL STANDARDS AND DESIGN EXAMPLES
RAINGARDENS TECHNICAL STANDARDS AND DESIGN EXAMPLES STEP 1: INFILTRATION TEST 1. Call 811 before you dig to have your utilities located. 2. Dig 1-2 holes in the proposed garden area. (8 diameter & deep)
More informationExpanding Planter Boxes. Plant Biology EMPACTS Project Dr. Burnetta Hinterthuer, Instructor
Expanding Planter Boxes Plant Biology EMPACTS Project Dr. Burnetta Hinterthuer, Instructor Team Members Alma Sanchez Trevor Robinson Jeffery Longoria Zack Marsh Baker s Prairie, NW Arkansas Project Introduction
More informationTHE TENNESSEE VEGETABLE GARDEN
THE BACKYARD SERIES BACKYARD VEGETABLES W 346-A THE TENNESSEE VEGETABLE GARDEN SITE SELECTION AND SOIL TESTING Natalie Bumgarner, Assistant Professor and UT Extension Residential and Consumer Horticulture
More informationHawaii Agriculture Research Center -1- Vegetable Report 2. Hawaii Agriculture Research Center Vegetable Report 2 January 2000
Hawaii Agriculture Research Center -1- Vegetable Report 2 Hawaii Agriculture Research Center Vegetable Report 2 January 2000 INDEX WORDS: asparagus, diversified crop ASPARAGUS PRODUCTION AND VARIETY YIELDS
More informationThe Effects of Competition for Water and Light on the Establishment of Prairie Wildflower Seedlings
The Effects of Competition for Water and Light on the Establishment of Prairie Wildflower Seedlings Project Description Background: Ecological restoration is the process of assisting the recovery of an
More information43 Hoop House. Great Lakes Fruit, Vegetable & Farm Market EXPO Michigan Greenhouse Growers EXPO. December 4-6, 2018
43 Hoop House Great Lakes Fruit, Vegetable & Farm Market EXPO Michigan Greenhouse Growers EXPO December 4-6, 2018 DeVos Place Convention Center, Grand Rapids, MI Where: Ballroom D MI Recertification Credits:
More informationVegetarian Newsletter
Vegetarian Newsletter Horticultural Sciences Department A Vegetable Crops Extension Publication May 2007 Growing Bell Peppers in Soilless Culture Under Open Shade Structures By Robert Hochmuth, Linda Landrum,
More informationPlants for Pollinators! BLOOM BOX Nebraska Statewide Arboretum. Hand-selected, pollinator-friendly plants Plants for Pollinators!
What You Get Each is professionally curated to help you grow a pollinatorfriendly garden, where ever you are in Nebraska. You'll get a bounty of prairie and woodland plants tailored to thrive in your unique
More informationMonarchs in the Rough Resource Guide for Golf Course Superintendents
Monarchs in the Rough Resource Guide for Golf Course Superintendents EDF Habitat Exchange and Audubon International Cooperative Sanctuary Program The monarch butterfly, an iconic species, is suffering
More informationPOLLINATOR PROTECTION
ATTACHMENT 1 T O R O N T O POLLINATOR PROTECTION S T R A T E G Y PE26.7 Attachment 1 Toronto's Pollinator Protection Strategy recognizes that: Toronto is home to a wide range of pollinators, including
More informationMOWING AND WILDLIFE: MANAGING OPEN SPACE FOR WILDLIFE SPECIES
PENNSYLVANIA GAME COMMISSION MOWING AND WILDLIFE: MANAGING OPEN SPACE FOR WILDLIFE SPECIES Many property owners want clean-cut, attractive lawns or fields. However, what appears to be a healthy lawn to
More informationRecommended Resources: The following resources may be useful in teaching this
Unit D: Fruit and Vegetable Crop Production Lesson 1: Planning and Preparing a Vegetable Garden Site Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
More information2/5/2009. Top 10 Garden Pests. Integrated Approach to Pest Management
Outline Insights into Gardening, 2009 Garden Pests of the Willamette Valley Gail Langellotto, Ph.D. (Entomlogy) OSU Department of Horticulture Top 10 Garden Pests Integrated Approach to Pest Management
More informationLandscaping that benefits the environment and community. A guide to native landscaping in Louisiana
Landscaping that benefits the environment and community A guide to native landscaping in Louisiana Let s do it together At hillips 66, we are dedicated to being good stewards of the environment. We re
More informationWILDFLOWER BLOOM GUIDE. Pheasants & Quail Forever CONSERVATION SEED PROGRAM RIGHTS-OF-WAY
WILDFLOWER BLOOM GUIDE Pheasants & Quail Forever CONSERVATION SEED PROGRAM RIGHTS-OF-WAY PROGRAM OVERVIEW SIMPLY PUT, OUR MISSION IS HABITAT Whether it is nesting or brood rearing cover for upland nesting
More informationFlorida Native Plant Society
Florida Native Plant Society Native Plant Owners Manual Coreopsis lanceolata Lanceleaf Tickseed Mark Hutchinson Putting things in perspective All seasonal references are applicable to the eastern panhandle
More informationService Learning Project. Bender Park
Service Learning Project Bender Park Spencer Walesh & Tyler Pletz Milwaukee County Parks 4/29/2009 Pletz, Walesh 2 Pletz, Walesh 3 Pletz, Walesh 4 Spencer Walesh & Tyler Pletz Geography 125 DIS 603 Service
More informationFIVE STEPS TO SUCCESSFUL PRAIRIE MEADOW ESTABLISHMENT
FIVE STEPS TO SUCCESSFUL PRAIRIE MEADOW ESTABLISHMENT by Neil Diboll Prairie Nursery P.O. Box 306 Westfield, WI 53964 800-476-9453 www.prairienursery.com Prairie meadows are becoming an increasingly popular
More informationDeveloping integrated control tactics for cole crop pests. Final report, 13 February 2008
Developing integrated control tactics for cole crop pests Final report, 13 February 2008 Celeste Welty, Associate Professor of Entomology; OSU Extension Entomology Building, 1991 Kenny Road, Columbus OH
More informationSWD Management Recommendations for Michigan Blueberry Growers
SWD Management Recommendations for Michigan Blueberry Growers Rufus Isaacs, Steve Van Timmeren, John Wise,2, Carlos Garcia-Salazar, and Mark Longstroth 4. Department of Entomology, 2. Trevor Nichols Research
More informationCROFT FARM NATURE TRAIL GUIDE
CHERRY HILL TOWNSHIP CROFT FARM NATURE TRAIL GUIDE INTRODUCTION. This nature trail is designed to help visitors open the natural world. You will increase your understanding of nature and experience its
More informationIntegrating Biological Control and Native Plantings to Restore Sites Invaded by Mile-A-Minute Weed, Persicaria perfoliata, in the Mid-Atlantic USA
254 Session 6 Integrating Biological Control and Native Plantings to Restore Sites Invaded by Mile-A-Minute Weed, Persicaria perfoliata, in the Mid-Atlantic USA E. Lake 1, Kiri Cutting 2 and J. Hough-Goldstein
More informationThe Monarch. Milkweeds for Monarchs. Today s Presentation. Life Cycle. Larval Stages. Egg. How you can help this troubled butterfly
Milkweeds for Monarchs How you can help this troubled butterfly The Monarch Possibly the most well-known butterfly in the world Best known for spectacular migrations Milkweeds are the only caterpillar
More informationStrawberries: Covered & Uncovered. Presented by: Bronwyn Aly Extension Educator, Local Food Systems/Small Farms
Strawberries: Covered & Uncovered Presented by: Bronwyn Aly Extension Educator, Local Food Systems/Small Farms Objectives Covering materials Why we need to cover Timing to cover & uncover Frost protection
More informationFruit in the Community Garden: Introduction
Fruit in the Community Garden: Introduction Patrick Byers Regional Horticulture Specialist University of Missouri Extension Springfield, MO Outline Why choose fruit for the community garden? Choosing a
More informationIn the tall grass prairie, grasses can be up to 2 meters tall! This is tall grass prairie at a state park in Iowa.
This presentation is designed to give you a feel for what tall, mixed and short grass prairie environments on North America look like. I hope that these pictures will help you understand more deeply when
More informationLupinus benthamii - New Crop Summary & Recommendations. By Kristen John
Lupinus benthamii - New Crop Summary & Recommendations By Kristen John 2005 Series: New Floricultural Crops: Formulation of Production Schedules for Wild, Nondomesticated Species Part of the requirements
More informationDue to the diversity of these ecosystems and the sunlight and weather conditions, not all native plants will thrive in an Aurora landscape.
1 Definition of native plant: Plants that have existed prior to European settlement Lives and grows naturally without direct or indirect human intervention Cultivars that have been bred for improvements,
More informationNATIVE PLANTS. Native Plants. Exotic Plants
NATIVE PLANTS Handouts: MontGuide: Deer Resistant Ornamental Plants For Your Garden (MT199521AG) MontGuide: Fire Resistant Plants (MT200101AG) MontGuide: Poisonous Plants (MT199902AG) Native Plants Native
More informationfor excellence in sports surfaces
Habitat and Species Considerations for Bees and Butterflies Bob Taylor Ecology & Environment Manager for excellence in sports surfaces www.stri.co.uk Rationale Over the last 30 years native bees have reduced
More informationPLANTING GUIDE TO GRASSES AND LEGUMES
PLANTING GUIDE TO GRASSES AND LEGUMES for Forage and Wildlife in Georgia Reviewed by Dennis W. Hancock, PhD. Prepared by R. Dewey Lee, PhD. This planting guide will help producers establish grasses and
More informationGarden Tasks Number 0001 April 2, 2009
www.peterboroughgardens.ca Garden Tasks Number 0001 April 2, 2009 Prune summer-flowering shrubs (e.g. Hydrangea) Plant flower and vegetable seeds indoors. Prune grapevines. Start summer flowers and tender
More informationIn this Issue. Volume XX Number XX. Spring 2018, Issue 5
Volume XX Number XX Spring 2018, Issue 5 In this Issue Title Page Flower & Garden Expo...1 Extension Happenings.2-4 Florida Friendly Plants..... 5 Lawn Care Tips......6 All American Selections....7 Spring
More informationCrops: Selection & Cultivation
Crops: Selection & Cultivation Which crops will produce? 11 What will we plant continued This is the section students are most anxious to get into year after year. Students want to learn about how individual
More informationA Rain Garden Year. Objectives Students will:
A Rain Garden Year Activity Overview Students take part in a play that illustrates the seasonal march that happens in a rain garden as native plants bloom and set seed. Objectives Students will: Use a
More information