Implementation of Weather Monitoring System

Transcription

1 Volume 118 No , ISSN: (printed version); ISSN: (on-line version) url: ijpam.eu Implementation of Weather Monitoring System Kiranmai Nandagiri 1 and Jhansi Rani Mettu 2 1 1Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, Bhoj Reddy Engineering College for Women nandagiri.kiranmai@gmail.com 2 2Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, Bhoj Reddy Engineering College for Women jhansi512@gmail.com January 14, 2018 Abstract In human life weather monitoring plays an important role, as the data collection related to dynamically changing weather conditions are important. It is very important to monitor weather in packaging industry during certain hazards. The monitoring of weather parameters in an industry and also in a room can be done by using the weather monitoring system. The design of such a system is discussed in this paper. The weather monitoring system contains DHT sensor by which temperature and humidity will be monitored. The data from the sensors are collected by the micro controller and also micro controller sends the sensors data in to the Arduino Software (IDE) by using the Serial Communication. The system is used for maintaining the temperature and humidity in a room. It is going to sense temperature and humidity of targeted area not city or village

2 Key Words : Weather monitoring, packaging industry, micro controller, sensors and Arduino. 1 Introduction Meteorological parameters are measured by using an automated weather station using sensors without intervention of humans. The measured parameters can be stored in a built-in data logger or can be transmitted to a remote location via a communication link. The data is stored in a data logger. The recorded data can be physically downloaded to a computer at a later time for further processing. The communication system is an essential element in an automated weather station. A variety of facilities and options are available in automated weather stations which are available as commercial products [1]. A weather station is a facility equipped with high-tech instruments for predicting future weather phenomenon. This is also used to study the climate of that area. The measurements taken from the station include temperature, pressure, humidity, wind speed, precipitation. The accuracy predicted by these weather stations is not too high to predict the actual weather condition for a particular area. The error difference may be around 10% which makes a huge difference [2]. To bring down the cost of maintaining weather stations in remote parts of Sri Lanka automated weather stations were be built and not much emphasis has been given for building and using such instruments locally. Universities have developed automated weather stations by interfacing meteorological parameter monitoring sensors to microcomputer/commercially available data loggers with communication devices or through serial and parallel ports to obtain hard copies of weather data. Recently, the University of Colombo developed an automated weather station with USB communication facility and a built-in data logging facility. The system used wired communication to transfer data to the monitoring station through the computers built-in USB interface. The present work is a further extension of the earlier developments. The main objective of this work is to develop a standalone modular weather station with a remote communication facility to capture and transmit meteorological parameters. Remotely monitoring of environmental parameters 2 478

3 is important in various applications and industrial processes. In the past, weather monitoring systems are generally based on mechanical, electromechanical instruments which suffer from the drawbacks like poor rigidity, need of human intervention, associated parallax errors and durability. By making use of sensors for indoor climate and environment Kang and Park have developed monitoring systems in the year A better approach for temperature and relative humidity monitoring with data acquisition system has been developed in Vlassov in 1993 introduces the usage of surface acoustic waves devices as temperature sensor. This reason lead to the development of a microcontroller based embedded system for weather monitoring. Such a system should monitor and provide data for remote examination. The collected data by weather monitoring system can easily be exported to a PC via a serial port to make subsequent data analysis or graphic and digital storage thus automatic data collection is possible by making use of PC resources [1]. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In section 2, types of sensors are described. System model is explained in explained in section 3. System Software and Components required are explained in section 4. Experimental Results are discussed in section 5. Conclusion is given in section 6. 2 Types of Sensors Sensor is a device which gives an output by detecting the changes in quantities or events can be defined as a sensor. Generally, sensors produce an electrical signal or optical output signal corresponding to the changes in the inputs. There are different types of sensors, for example, consider a thermocouple which can be considered as temperature sensor that produces an output voltage based on the input temperature changes. Sensors are sophisticated devices that are frequently used to detect and respond to electrical or optical signals. A Sensor converts the physical parameter (for example: temperature, blood pressure, humidity, speed, etc.) into a signal which can be measured electrically. The mercury in the glass thermometer expands and contracts the liquid to convert the measured temperature which can be read 3 479

4 by a viewer on the calibrated glass tube. Classification of Sensors The sensors are classified into the following criteria: 1. Primary Input quantity (Measurand) 2. Transduction principles (Using physical and chemical effects) 3. Material and Technology 4. Property 5. Application Transduction principle is the fundamental criteria which are followed for an efficient approach. Usually, material and technology criteria are chosen by the development engineering group. Classification based on property is as given below: Temperature - Thermistors, thermocouples, RTDs, IC and many more. Pressure - Fibre optic, vacuum, elastic liquid based manometers, LVDT. Flow - Electromagnetic, differential pressure, positional displacement, thermal mass, etc. Level Sensors - Differential pressure, ultrasonic radio frequency, radar, thermal displacement, etc. Proximity and displacement - LVDT, photoelectric, capacitive, magnetic, ultrasonic. Biosensors - Resonant mirror, electrochemical, surface Plasmon resonance, Light addressable potentio-metric. Image - Charge coupled devices, CMOS 4 480

5 Gas and chemical - Semiconductor, Infrared, Conductance, Electrochemical. Acceleration - Gyroscopes, Accelerometers. Others - Moisture, humidity sensor, Speed sensor, mass, Tilt sensor, force, viscosity. All types of sensors can be basically classified into analog sensors and digital sensors. But, there are a few types of sensors such as temperature sensors, IR sensors, ultrasonic sensors, pressure sensors, proximity sensors, and touch sensors are frequently used in most of the electronics applications. Types of sensors: 1. Temperature Sensor 2. IR Sensor 3. Ultrasonic Sensor 4. Proximity Sensors 5. Pressure Sensor 6. Level Sensors 7. Smoke and Gas Sensors 8. Touch Sensor 9. Humidity and Temperature Sensor 1. Temperature Sensor Fig Temperature sensor 5 481

6 Temperature is one of the most commonly measured environmental quantity for different reasons. There are different types of temperature sensors that can measure temperature, such as thermocouple, thermistors, semiconductor temperature sensors, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), and so on. Based on the requirement, different types of sensors are used for measuring temperature in different applications. 2. IR Sensor Fig IR sensor The small photo chips having a photocell which are used to emit and detect the infrared light are called as IR sensors. IR sensors can be used for detecting stacles of robotic vehicle and thus control the direction of the robotic vehicle. There are different types of sensors which can be used for detecting infrared lights. 3. Ultrasonic Sensor Fig Ultrasonic Sensor 6 482

7 A transducer that works on the principle similar to the sonar or radar and estimate attributes of the target by interpreting is called as ultrasonic sensors or transceivers. There are different types of sensors that are classified as active and passive ultrasonic sensors that can be differentiated based on the working of sensors. 4. Proximity Sensors Fig Proximity Sensors A proximity sensor often emits an electromagnetic field or a beam of Electromagnetic radiation (infrared, for instance), and looks for changes in the field or return signal. The object being sensed is often referred to as the proximity sensor s target. Different proximity sensor targets demand different sensors. For example, a capacitive or photoelectric sensor might be suitable for a plastic target; an inductive proximity sensor always requires a metal target. 5. Pressure Sensor Fig Pressure Sensor 7 483

8 A pressure sensor is a device for pressure measurement of gases or liquids. Pressure is an expression of the force required to stop a fluid from expanding, and is usually stated in terms of force per unit area. A pressure sensor usually acts as a transducer; it generates a signal as a function of the pressure imposed. 6. Level Sensors Fig Level Sensors Level sensors detect the level of liquids and other fluids and fluidized solids, including slurries, granular materials, and powders that exhibit an upper free surface. Substances that flow become essentially horizontal in their containers (or other physical boundaries) because of gravity whereas most bulk solids pile at an angle of repose to a peak. The substance to be measured can be inside a container or can be in its natural form (e.g., a river or a lake). The level measurement can be either continuous or point values. Continuous level sensors measure level within a specified range and determine the exact amount of substance in a certain place, while point-level sensors only indicate whether the substance is above or below the sensing point. Generally the latter detect levels that are excessively high or low

9 7. Smoke and Gas Sensors Fig Smoke and Gas Sensors A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator of fire. Commercial security devices issue a signal to a fire alarm control panel as part of a fire alarm system, while household smoke detectors, also known as smoke alarms, generally issue a local audible or visual alarm from the detector itself. 8. Touch Sensor Fig Touch Sensor 9 485

10 Touch sensors can be defined as switches that are activated by the touch. There are different types of touch sensors that are classified based on type of touch such as capacitance touch switch, resistance touch switch, and piezo touch switch. 9. Humidity and Temperature Sensor Fig Humidity and Temperature Sensor DHT11 is a Humidity and Temperature Sensor, which generates calibrated digital output. DHT11 can be interface with any microcontroller like Arduino, Raspberry Pi, etc. and get instantaneous results. DHT11 is a low cost humidity and temperature sensor which provides high reliability and long term stability. 3 System Model The system mainly is used for maintaining the temperature and humidity in a room. Whether it is the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food or consumer goods industry, packaging requirements are as varied as the products we deal with every day. The system developed can be used to sense the temperature and humidity, so that the appropriate temperature can be maintained as per the requirements in an industry. Temperature and humidity can be maintained in a room by using this system. With this system we can monitor the room temperature and humidity to our comfort. People who suffer from asthma need temperature and humidity on certain range. The new born or old age people also prefer to have temperature

11 and humidity in particular range. It is going to sense temperature and humidity of targeted area not city or village. By this way we get specific results regarding environmental factors like temperature and humidity. The system developed is cost effective and all the parameters are uniquely identifiable through the embedded computing system. 4 Circuit Diagram The following circuit diagram shows all the necessary connections required to implement the system. Fig Circuit Diagram The Arduino Uno board is connected to the CPU by using data cable. DHT 11 temperature and humidity sensor is placed on the bread board. The sensor is again connected to the Arduino Uno board by using connecting wires which is a serial communication. Then upload the required program in Arduino Software and the temperature and humidity readings are displayed on the serial monitor which are shown in the experimental results section. 5 System Software and Components required This System can be developed using Arduino IDE and hardware components. The hardware components required for development of the system are:

12 i. Arduino Uno Board. ii. Data cable. iii. Power source. iv. DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor. v. Bread board vi. Connecting wires Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical board. The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people just starting out with electronics, and for good reason. Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, the Arduino does not need a separate piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order to load new code onto the board you can simply use a USB cable. Additionally, the Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to program. Finally, Arduino provides a standard form factor that breaks out the functions of the microcontroller into a more accessible package. Arduino is a single-board microcontroller meant to make the application more accessible which are interactive objects and its surroundings. The hardware features with an open-source hardware board designed around an 8-bit Atmel AVR microcontroller or a 32- bit Atmel ARM. Current models consists a USB interface, 6 analog input pins and 14 digital I/O pins that allows the user to attach various extension boards

13 Fig Arduino Uno Board DHT11 is a Humidity and Temperature Sensor, which generates calibrated digital output. DHT11 can be interface with any microcontroller like Arduino, Raspberry Pi, etc. and get instantaneous results. DHT11 is a low cost humidity and temperature sensor which provides high reliability and long term stability. Fig DHT11 Sensor

14 6 Experimental Results The Arduino Uno board is connected to the CPU by using data cable. DHT 11 temperature and humidity sensor is placed on the bread board. The sensor is again connected to the Arduino Uno board by using connecting wires which is a serial communication. Then upload the required program in Arduino Software (IDE) and the temperature and humidity readings are displayed on the serial monitor which are shown in the screen shots below. The environmental monitoring data sensors monitor the temperature and humidity. The hardware screen shot and temperature and humidity readings are shown below. Temperature and humidity can be maintained in a room by using this system. With this we can monitor the room temperature and humidity to our comfort. It is going to sense temperature and humidity of targeted area not city or village. Fig Hardware Screen shot Fig Temperature and Humidity

15 Fig Temperature and Humidity in excel sheet The recorded humidity and temperature data can be stored in excel sheet. The temperature is sensed as 30 degree Celsius and 32 degree Celsius. The humidity is sensed as 63% and 64% (Relative Humidity). The development of a Microcontroller based embedded system for weather monitoring helps us to gather the parameters like temperature and humidity. These can be stored in excel sheet and can be further used for processing. 7 Conclusion The proposed system senses the room temperature and humidity after some intervals. The system mainly is used for maintaining the temperature and humidity in a room. It can also be used in packaging industry where weather monitoring plays crucial role. Whether it is the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food or consumer goods industry, packaging requirements are as varied as the products we deal with every day. Temperature and humidity can be sensed in a room or an industry by using this system. People who suffer from asthma or the new born or old age people prefer to have temperature and humidity in particular range. It is going to sense temperature and humidity of targeted area not city or village. By this way we get specific results regarding environmental factors like temperature and humidity. The system developed is cost effective and all the parameters are uniquely identifiable through the embedded computing system. The system can be further modified as a system

16 which senses the room temperature and humidity after some intervals and communicates it to the IoT analytics platform service in future. This information can be accessed via android app. As a further part, one can control to switch the A.C. on/off. It takes information about the surrounding environment through sensors and uploads it directly to the internet, where it can be accessed anytime and anywhere through internet. References [1] P.Susmitha, G. Sowmyabala, Design and Implementation of Weather Monitoring and Controlling System, International Journal of Computer Applications. [2] Parijit Kedia, Localised Weather Monitoring System, International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science. [3] Tarun Kumar Das, Yudhajit Das, Design of A Room Temperature And Humidity Controller Using Fuzzy Logic, American Journal of Engineering Research. [4] Ashish Sharma, Gaurav Tiwari, Durvijay Singh, Low cost Solution for Temperature and Humidity monitoring and control System using Touch Screen Technology, International Journal of Latest Research in Engineering and Technology. [5] Revathi S, L.Vineetha, K.Lakshmi Ramya, N. Siva Kumaran Intelligent Monitoring and Control of Greenhouse Environment, International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and Research. [6] Adil Hamid Malik, Aaqib jalal, Bilal Ahmed Par ray, Meena kohli Smart City IoT Based Weather Monitoring System, IJESC

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