Pipeline Intrastructure Monitoring for Third-Party Interference Detection

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1 TM FiberPatrol-PR APPLICATION NOTE Pipeline Intrastructure Monitoring for Third-Party Interference Detection Third-Party Interference (TPI), including unauthorized excavation in a pipeline s rightof-way, is the leading cause of pipeline accidents and loss. A single pipeline incident can have devastating effects, causing death, property destruction, service interruptions, environmental damage, and often costing the pipeline operator millions of dollars in financial losses. Further, incidents involving oil theft can go unnoticed for long periods of time causing serious economic issues. Senstar s FiberPatrol-PR advanced intrusion detection system is specifically designed to promote the physical security of buried pipelines and in-ground infrastructure. Minimal in required design and component infrastructure, FiberPatrol-PR uses fiber optic cable, buried along a pipeline, to detect and locate ground vibrations and acoustic signatures associated with third-party interference activity. TECHNOLOGY Patented FiberPatrol-PR technology is based on an enhanced version of Coherent Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry (COTDR). This technology is extremely sensitive. FiberPatrol PR ECOTDR technology is used to detect the dynamic changes in the refractive index of the fiber caused by acoustic vibration (intrusion). A pulsed interrogating light signal is sent into the sensor cable and the back scattered light is measured from the entire fiber. FiberPatrol-PR is cost effective and provides TPI protection up to 48 km (30 miles) from one unit and typically locates within 10 m (33 feet) of the event. FiberPatrol-PR Sensor Unit Laser light launched into fiber Single-mode fiber Back-scattered light detected and analyzed by Sensor Unit

2 PIPELINE INTRASTRUCTURE MONITORING FOR THIRD-PARTY INTERFERENCE DETECTION APPLICATION NOTE THIRD-PARTY INTERFERENCE DETECTION The detection of third-party interference near a buried pipeline, such as unauthorized mechanical or manual digging, is provided by the FiberPatrol-PR s capability and feature set. FiberPatrol-PR detects excavation activity long before the digging equipment can reach the sensing cable and the pipe itself. By providing an early warning and the precise location of an incident, a FiberPatrol-PR system can help responders prevent costly damage. The monitoring system consists of two primary elements: the Sensor Unit and the fiber optic sensor cable. Fiber optic sensor cable Buried along with the pipeline, the fiber optic sensor cable is an armored, multi-fiber, single mode, telecommunications-type of cable suitable for direct burial. Standard cable deployment for third party interference detection purposes is directly above the buried pipeline, at a depth approximately 20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 inches) above the pipeline. Surface Ground Sensor Unit The Sensor Unit equipment is rack-mounted and monitors the buried fiber optic sensor cable. It continually monitors two sensing cables of up to 24 km (15 miles) each, both cables attached to one controller, for a total cable distance of up to 48 km (30 miles). FiberPatrol-PR Sensor Unit Directly buired fiber optic sensor cable (no conduit) 91 cm (3 feet) typical 30 cm (12 inches) typical 15 miles (25 km) Sensor Cable 15 miles (25 km) Pipeline KEY SPECIFICATIONS Intrusion detection Max sensor length 24 km (15 miles) per cable 48 km (30 miles) per head-end Sensor cable Cable type Gel-filled loose tubes, single jacket, unarmored Alarm location accuracy Better than 10 m (33 feet) typical Fiber count 2 sensing fibers, up to 70 spares Min virtual zone length 75 m (250 feet) recommended Sensing fiber type Corning SMF-28e+ or equivalent Max virtual zone count 13 per km (20 per mile) recommended Optical loss < 0.40 db/mi ( nm Outer Diameter 1.1 cm (0.44 inches) Weight 82 kg/fm (55 lbs/kft) For detailed specifications, refer to the FiberPatrol-PR datasheet.

3 APPLICATION NOTE PIPELINE INTRASTRUCTURE MONITORING FOR THIRD-PARTY INTERFERENCE DETECTION KEY FEATURES The sensor is a point-locating distributed sensor, capable of identifying the exact location of activity to within 10 m (33 feet) along the sensor for most typical intrusions. The system is extremely sensitive to minute disturbances and has uniform sensitivity along the sensor, hence has a very high PD of > 95%. Sensors can be deployed to protect pipelines of any length. Each system can protect up to 48 km (30 miles) and multiple systems can be daisy-chained to protect any length of pipeline. The sensor can be deployed in any terrain or soil type. Requires no power or grounding in the field since the sensor consists of passive (all-dielectric) fiber optic cable powered by laser light. The sensor is covert, which provides a significant advantage in detecting intruders as it catches them off guard. The all-dielectric sensor not detectable. FiberPatrol-PR is cost-effective, ranges. especially for long The location-sensing ability of FiberPatrol-PR enables it to resolve multiple simultaneous disturbances, making it immune to defeat by coordinated attack. The system can be deployed in a configuration to provide cut immunity, which means the sensor remains fully functional even after the sensor is severed. The sensor is immune to RFI/EMI and lightning. FALSE AND NUISANCE ALARM RATES AND PROBABILITY OF DETECTION False intrusion alarms generated due to occurrences other than sensor cable motion/vibration are extremely low. The system is specified to less than one false alarm per month. The system is designed to reject nuisance sources such as those created by small animals, farm machinery, or nearby vehicle and train traffic. The system employs adaptive filtering and pattern recognition algorithms to minimize the rate of alarms induced by environmental factors and unwanted nuisance sources. The nuisance alarm rate depends on the sensitivity requirements for detection and rejection of nuisance sources, in addition to factors related to the ground type and condition, vegetation, environment, proximity to mechanical noise sources, as well as on configuration and depth of the buried sensor. FiberPatrol PR offers a variety of configuration settings to optimize the tradeoff between probability of detection requirements and minimization of nuisance alarm rate. The system is immune to nuisance alarms and performance degradation originating from electromagnetic and radiofrequency interference in the field. The system can detect isolated, non-stealthy excavation attempts in the area directly above the sensor cable with greater than 95% probability before such excavations reach the cable. Such attempts include both digging with excavation equipment as well as manual tools. LOCATION SENSING FiberPatrol-PR detects activity, such as walking, a few meters from the sensing cable. The actual distance will vary depending on the soil conditions that occur between summer, winter, and in rainy seasons. For example, FiberPatrol-PR will detect a small, light vehicle in driving mode up to 45 m (150 feet) away from the sensing cable in summer conditions, but the distance reduces to about 50 feet in wet conditions. Event People Walking Light vehicle Heavy excavating machines Typical detection range (perpendicular to sensor) 1 to 5 m (3 to 15 feet) 15 to 45 m (50 to 150 feet) 15 to 60 m (50 to 200 feet)

4 PIPELINE INTRASTRUCTURE MONITORING FOR THIRD-PARTY INTERFERENCE DETECTION APPLICATION NOTE CABLE CUT DETECTION AND CUT IMMUNITY The system detects and locates a sensor cable cut with an absolute accuracy of better than 30 m (100 feet). In the event of a sensor cable cut, the system retains detection and location ability in the portion(s) of the sensor cable that remain connected to the system controller. FiberPatrol-PR can also be installed in a configuration to provide cut immunity, allowing the system to continue full, normal operation even in the event of a cut/severed cable. Graphical user interface The FiberPatrol PR software provides a graphical user interface for system calibration and configuration. The software is designed to be intuitive and easy to use. As with all FiberPatrol systems, the alarm reporting methods offer ready and easy integration to a wide variety of PSIM, VMS, and ACS devices, or even direct interface to IP CCTV controllers. It also provides GPS integration. Cable specifications The fiber-optic sensor cable consists of communicationgrade single-mode optical fiber strands in gel-filled loose buffer tubes. FiberPatrol PR uses two fibers to protect up to 48 km (30 miles) of pipeline. The cable is rated for buried deployments and has an all dielectric construction with no conducting or emitting parts. Simple installation FiberPatrol-PR for pipelines uses one fiber optic sensor cable in both directions, which can be easily deployed next to the pipeline using standard telecommunication methods. If the pipeline already has a single-mode cable installed alongside, in most situations the system can be retrofitted to use the existing cable. Protection for long pipelines To protect long pipelines, multiple FiberPatrol PR systems can be daisy-chained and monitored from a central location either using Senstar or third-party head end software. Integration with third-party systems FiberPatrol PR sensors may also be integrated with CCTV cameras and security systems to provide complete protection. FiberPatrol PR can be integrated with other intrusion sensors from Senstar or thirdparties to protect pumping stations and other pipeline facilities.

5 PIPELINE INTRASTRUCTURE MONITORING FOR THIRD-PARTY INTERFERENCE DETECTION APPLICATION NOTE COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FiberPatrol-PR s implementation to detect third party interference (TPI) differs significantly from other pipeline monitoring systems. Competitive fiber optic pipeline monitoring systems rely on complex analysis of acoustic signals. This leads to performance issues and limitations: Extensive acoustic analysis to qualify and discriminate digging and third party interference detection leads to unavoidable and unpredictable uncertainty in event qualification due to variations in environment, ground composition, pipeline condition, flow, and other variables. This leads to erratic detection performance and excessive nuisance alarms from environmental elements. By contrast, FiberPatrol-PR uses simpler but sophisticated measurement and analysis methods for third party interference (digging/tamper). FiberPatrol-PR s basic and well-proven vibration detection capability provides a very high level of reliability when detecting ground-coupled vibrations due to digging attempts. Such vibrations are easily detected, and do not require complex and errorprone acoustic analysis, resulting in very high levels of detection with minimal environmental nuisance alarms. WHY CHOOSE SENSTAR? Unparalleled protection using advanced technology FiberPatrol PR from Senstar delivers the most advanced fiber optic sensor technology available for perimeter and infrastructure protection and monitoring. Senstar s security solutions offer industry leading technology, simple installation methods, and reconfigurable virtual detection zones, as well as many features specific to the application. Low cost of ownership Installation costs are drastically reduced when installing FiberPatrol-PR s passive, all-optical fiber sensor that stretches up to 24 km (15 miles) without using field repeaters, processors, or other powered components. Using the same cable for fiber optic video and data transmission further reduces the cost of infrastructure development. Cut immunity When an installed fiber optic cable is cut, either in an attempt to defeat security or by accident, the FiberPatrol system immediately reports the incident and its exact location. Moreover, the system can detect and pinpoint intrusion attempts up to the cut point. True integration with third-party systems FiberPatrol-PR fully integrates with third-party systems to provide a total security solution. FiberPatrol-PR is successfully integrated with the top PSIM, VMS, IP CCTV, access control, and video analytic platforms. Through a range of integration modules and an open Software Development Kit (SDK), Fiber Patrol applications can be seamlessly integrated with most access control, alarm and building management systems as well as more specialized systems. Service and support Senstar is 100% focused on delivering the very best customer service, and the company prides itself on the commitment it makes to both partners and endusers. Working by phone, and face-to-face, the company s representatives are available 24/7 to address any questions or issues that arise during the specification, installation or maintenance of Senstar solutions. Authorized partner program Senstar partners with authorized system integrators and installers around the world to provide local system design, installation and service to end users. This means that end-users can be confident that there are many companies in their region that can service and support Senstar systems.

6 APPLICATION NOTE PIPELINE INTRASTRUCTURE MONITORING FOR THIRD-PARTY INTERFERENCE DETECTION SENSTAR IS THE TOTAL SOLUTION FiberPatrol-PR s fiber optic sensing and intrusion detection systems feature the most advanced fiber optic sensor technology available for perimeter and infrastructure protection and monitoring. All of the FiberPatrol solutions have the ability to identify multiple simultaneous events, such as coordinated intrusions, which can be effectively detected and located. The system reports the coordinates of an attempted breach, which can be used for activating corresponding PTZ camera presets and for personnel dispatch. The location-sensing ability also enables the system to ignore non-localized disturbances, such as those produced by wind and rain. FiberPatrol s passive, all-optical fiber sensors provide up to 48 km (30 miles) for pipeline applications on a single controller. Multiple controllers extend the systems capability. FiberPatrol-PR requires no electrical grounding in the field and are unaffected by lightning storms. Using the same sensor cable for fiber optic video and data transmission further reduces the cost of infrastructure development. MARKET EXPERTISE FiberPatrol Intrusion Detection Systems are deployed across a variety of industries and at facilities, including: Oil Refineries Chemical Manufacturing/ Processing Plants Electrical Power Generation Electrical Switching Stations (and sub-stations) Data Centers Military Bases & Posts Sea Ports Military Communications and Control Sites Airports Water/Wastewater Storage/ Treatment Facilities Transportation/Ports Nuclear Power Generation Prisons/Correctional Facilities Pipelines Government Facilities ABOUT SENSTAR Senstar researches, develops, manufactures, and markets the largest portfolio of sensor-technology-based security products and systems in the world. We are the trusted choice and industry leader in perimeter security solutions around the world, while our life safety/emergency call solutions are used throughout penitentiaries, jails, and courthouses in the U.S. and Canada. By offering products that we manufacture, we can service, customize, and expand to meet the requirements for any project. From sensors to alarm monitoring and control to life safety systems, Senstar delivers superior technology, products and service in providing you with a complete security solution. ISO 9001: CGSB Registered Certificate Canadian manufacturing facility only. Version: B Copyright All rights reserved. Features and specifications are subject to change without notice. The Senstar name, Senstar logo and Flare are registered trademarks of Senstar Corporation.