University of Houston Campus Design Guidelines and Standards Construction Systems and Assemblies: Section 12.0 A.01 Laboratory Design Guide

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1 INTRODUCTION Purpose The University of Houston (UH) has a continuing need to modernize and upgrade its facilities to support future growth and operations. The resulting construction projects often have significant health and life safety requirements due to regulatory oversight. Since these requirements can impact the design of a project, Environmental Health and Life Safety (EHLS) prepared the EHLS Laboratory Design Guide to aid the campus community with planning and design issues. EHLS believes that the Guide, in conjunction with EHLS plan review and consultation, improves design efficiency and minimizes changes. Application Design professional shall design, and contractors shall construct facilities in accordance with Owner s requirements and the terms of the Contract Documents, of which this Campus Design Guidelines and Standards section 12.0 Addendum A.01 is a part. Format of Guide The Guide is formatted to address laboratory design issues pertinent to General Laboratories (e.g., chemical laboratories) in Section 1 with additional requirements for Radioactive Materials Laboratories and Biosafety Level 2 Laboratories presented in Sections 2 and 3 respectively. Within the sections, specific design criteria are provided. Comments are included under the specific design criterion to give the user the rationale behind the design feature. References References include regulations (e.g., NFPA Fire Code), consensus standards (e.g., ANSI/ASHRAE/AAALAC), and good practices. Good practices stem from industry standards and/or the judgment/knowledge of UH EHLS professionals. Design criteria are designated in the following ways: Shall and Must: Mandated by applicable regulation(s). The user of the Guide is required to include the design feature. Based on well-established consensus standards/guidelines. Must is used to reflect a UH requirement, although not required by a regulation. Should: Advisory in nature based on good engineering and safety practices. Limitations of the Guide It is left to the discretion of the user of the Guide to include the design feature. The EHLS Laboratory Design Guide is not all-inclusive. It does not cover all regulatory requirements nor does it cover all design situations. It is important to note that use practices and adjacent occupancy considerations must be considered during the design process, as they can directly influence how the Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 1 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

2 laboratory will be designed (e.g., how hazardous materials are used impacts how they are stored, which is a design issue) Adjacent occupancy will affect the strength of magnets proposed to be used and this has to be taken into design considerations. In all cases, EHLS should be consulted on questions regarding health, safety, fire and environment. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The majority of this document was adapted from the NFPA Fire Code and ANSI Standards. Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 2 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

3 Section 1.1 VENTILATION TABLE OF CONTENTS Page A. Regulations, Standards and References B. Scope C. General Ventilation Considerations D. Lab Pressurization E. Supply Air Arrangements F. Fume Hood Location G. Approved Equipment H. Fume Hood and Location Exhaust Ventilation Selection/Types General: Factors to Consider When Selecting a Fume Hood 2.0 Constant Volume Hoods 3.0 Variable Air Volume (VAV) Fume Hoods 4.0 Supply or Auxiliary Fume Hoods 5.0 Ductless Fume Hoods 6.0 Perchloric/Hot Acid Hoods 7.0 Radioactive Material Use 8.0 American with Disabilities Act (ADA) Hoods 9.0 Glove Boxes 10.0 Walk-in Fume Hoods 11.0 Special Purpose Hoods I. Labeling Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 3 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

4 J. Construction, Installation & Performance K. Power and Electrical L. Sashes M. Ducting N. Exhaust O. Wind Engineering P. Decibel Levels Q. Specialty, Controlled Climate, and Cold Rooms R. Lab Fume Hood Commissioning S. Animal Holding Rooms/Labs T. Lab Tracking System Controls U. Backdraft Dampening Fume Hoods A. Regulations, Standards and References Regulations: Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) 10, Parts 20 and 35 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 101/Life Safety Code (current edition) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Handbook 45 (current edition) Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 4 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

5 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Handbook 99 Standard for Health Care Facilities National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 801 Facilities Handling Radioactive Material Consensus Standards and References: B. Scope American National Standards Institute (ANSI), Z358.1 Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation (ANSI/AIHA Z9.5) American National Standard for Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy (ANSI/ASHRAE ) American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents & Biological Exposure Indices (ACGIH) ANSI Z136.1, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers Texas Accessibility Standard Safe Handling of Radionuclides, International Atomic Energy Agency, Safety Series No. 1, (1973 ed. Is still current as of 1999) (IAEA) The requirements of this Guide apply to any UH System, Campus Energy Research Park, or component laboratory space in which hazardous materials are used, handled or stored. C. General Ventilation Considerations 1. The lab should have mechanically generated supply air and exhaust air. All lab rooms shall use 100% outside air and exhaust to the outside. There shall be no recirculated air from the fume hood or laboratory space. Prudent Practices in the Laboratory NFPA 45, Chapter ANSI/AIHA Z9.5, ANSI/ASHRAE 2. Adjacent support offices may have recirculated air. Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 5 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

6 3. All newly constructed or renovated laboratory spaces must have a third party Associated Air Balance and Certification (AABC) certified air balance performed. The air balance of the lab must not be adjusted unless the department of Environmental Health and Life Safety (EHLS) has been notified of such changes. 4. Mechanical climate control shall provide adequate temperature and humidity thresholds to meet Uniform Mechanical Controls and International Mechanical Controls as required. Uniform Mechanical Code Per ASHRAE , comfortable temperature range are defined as follows: Winter: F (at 35% RH); Summer: F (at 60% RH) 5. Additional equipment loads must be considered in the overall CFM design of lab/support offices. 6. Labs shall not have open windows as this will change the air balance and create a lab directional airflow integrity deficiency. 7. Lab casework or other laboratory equipment must not impeded airflow throughout the lab. Air flow should be laminar and conducive to adequate air change rate. ASHRAE Many supply diffusers and room exhaust room openings are located along laboratory walls. Storage of boxes near these openings may obstruct the circulation of air and supply or exhaust air functioning. 8. General laboratories shall have a minimum of 10-air changes/hour. Laboratories within animal holding rooms must meet AAALAC standards. Design and Construction of Inside Storage Rooms, General Industry Standard 29 CFR , OSHA 2206, Nov. 7, 1987 (OSHA, 1987). ASHRAE Handbook, Chapter 13 International Mechanical Code 9. Laboratories must be maintained under negative pressure in relation to the corridor or other less hazardous areas. Clean rooms requiring positive pressure should have entry vestibules provided with door-closing mechanisms so that both doors are not open at the same time. Consult with EHLS Fire Marshal for design details. Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 6 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

7 ANSI/AIHA Z , NFPA 45 As a general rule, directional airflow should be from areas of low hazard to a high hazard. Clean room or sterile room directional airflow shall be positive to the adjacent corridor or vestibules. If there is a desire to modify to achieve sustainable initiatives or LEED certification those modifications must be approved by EHLS and the core team or the authority having jurisdiction. 10. Where appropriate, general ventilation systems should be designed such that, in the event of an accident, they cannot be shut down. NFPA The transfer of duct work shall not be designed within laboratory spaces. All duct work shall be active, not passive in nature. NFPA The air velocity volume in each duct should be sufficient to prevent condensation or liquid or condensable solids on the walls of the ducts. NFPA Fume hoods should not be the sole means of room air exhaust. General room exhaust outlets shall be provided where necessary to maintain minimum air change rates and temperature control. ASHRAE Operable windows shall be prohibited in new lab buildings and should not be used on modifications to existing buildings. 15. Local exhaust ventilation point of use exhaust devices (e.g., snorkels or elephant trunks ), other than fume hoods, shall be designed to adequately control exposures to hazardous materials (chemicals). An exhausted manifold or manifolds with connections to local exhaust may be provided as needed to collect potentially hazardous exhausts from gas chromatographs, vacuum pumps, excimer lasers, or other equipment which can produce potentially hazardous air pollutants. The containment source needs to be enclosed as much as possible, consistent with operational needs, to maximize control effectiveness and minimize air handling difficulties and costs. ACGIH, Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice, 23th edition, or latest edition Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 7 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

8 Enclosure minimizes the volume of airflow needed to attain any designed degree of containment control. This reduces fan size, motor horsepower, make up air volume, and make up air conditioning costs 16. Fume hoods, exhaust fans, and electric starters shall be labeled to provide lab designation and which fan or ventilation system they are connected to NFPA No laboratory ventilation system ductwork shall be internally insulated. Sounds baffle or external acoustical insulation at the source should be used for noise control but designed so as not to provide static pressure drop and create condensables. NFPA Duct work design shall provide adequate static pressure for both constant volume and/or manifolded systems D. Negative Pressurization 1. Airflow shall be from low hazard to high hazard areas. CDC-NIH Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories Anterooms may be necessary for certain applications, such as clean rooms or tissues culture rooms. Potentially harmful aerosols can escape from the containment of the laboratory room unless the room air pressure is negative to adjacent non-laboratory areas. It is recommended that laboratories should contain a fully integrated laboratory control system to control the temperature, ventilation rate and room pressurization. The control system should constantly monitor the amount of supply and exhaust air for the laboratory rooms and regulate the flow to maintain a net negative pressurization. 2. An adequate supply of make-up air (90% of exhaust) should be provided to the lab. 3. An air lock or vestibule may be necessary in certain high-hazard laboratories to minimize the volume of supply air required for negative pressurization control. These doors should be provided with interlocks so that both doors cannot open at the same time. Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 8 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

9 4. A corridor should not be used as a plenum. 4.1 The above ceiling space within a laboratory must not be used as a plenum. NFPA Lab tracking DDC controlled (phoenix) exhaust valves shall fail open. Do not design airflow. E. Supply Air Arrangements 1. Make-up air should be laminar in design and introduced at opposite end of the laboratory room from the fume hood(s) and flow paths for room HVAC systems shall be kept away from hood locations, to the extent practical. Supply registers shall not be bidirectional but laminar in order not to produce cross drafting. NFPA 99, Chapter NFPA 45, Chapter and NIH Design Policy and Guidelines, Research Laboratory, 1996, D.7.7 ANSI Z Air turbulence defeats the capacity of hoods to contain and exhaust contaminated air. 2. Make-up air shall be introduced in such a way that negative pressurization is maintained in all laboratory spaces and does not create a disruptive air pattern (laminar flow.) NFPA Cabinetry or other structures or equipment should not block or reduce effectiveness of supply or exhaust air. 4. Supply system air should meet the technical requirements of the laboratory work and the requirements of the latest version of ASHRAE, Standard 62, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. F. Fume Hood Location ASHRAE Standard 62 Uniform Mechanical Code 1. Fume hoods should be located away from activities or facilities, which produce air currents or turbulence. Locate away from high traffic areas, air supply diffusers, doors. Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 9 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

10 NFPA 99, Chapter NFPA 45, Chapter and Air turbulence affects the capability of hoods to exhaust contaminated air. Eddies are created by people passing by and by other sources of air currents. 2. Fume hoods should not be located adjacent to a single means of egress. Recommend that hoods be located more than 10 feet from any door or doorway. NFPA 45, Chapter NFPA 45, Chapter 3-4.1(d) NFPA 99, Chapter ANSI/AIHA Z9.5, 5.4 A fire hazard or chemical release incident, both of which may start in a fume hood, can block an exit rendering it impassable. A fire or explosion in a fume hood located adjacent to a path of egress could trap someone in the lab. 3. Fume hood openings should not be located opposite workstations where personnel will spend much of their working day, such as desks or microscope benches. NFPA 45, Chapter Materials splattered or forced out of a hood could injure a person seated across from the hood. 4. An emergency eyewash/shower station shall be within 10 seconds or 55 feet travel distance away of each work area. ANSI Z358.1 Per ANSI Z358.1, the requirement for an eyewash/shower is triggered when an employee may be exposed to substances, which are corrosive or severely irritating to the skin or which are toxic by skin absorption during normal operations or foreseeable emergencies. Fume hoods are assumed to contain such substances; hence UH interprets this regulation to mean that emergency eyewash/shower station shall be within 10 seconds or 55 feet travel distance away from work areas. 5. An ADA emergency eyewash/shower shall be within 10 seconds or 55 feet travel distance away from an ADA work area (minimally one ADA hood per laboratory floor). Texas Accessibility Standard (TAS) Disabled Accessibility Guidebook ANSI The location of at least ADA hood per floor enable disabled individuals to conduct their research without having to transport chemicals, etc., in elevators. Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 10 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

11 a disabled University of Houston researcher works in a VA labora, then all parts of the laboratory and its emergency equipment must be designed or adapted to meet the user's needs G. Approved Equipment 1. All fume hoods shall meet the requirements of NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals. EHLS must approve the use of low flow hoods or low flow concept hoods. H. Fume Hood and Local Exhaust Ventilation Selection/Types 1. General: Factors to consider when selecting a fume hood: a. Room size (length x width x height) b. Number of rooms air changes c. Lab heat load d. Types of material used e. Linear feet of hood needed based on: Number of users/hood Frequency of use % of time working at hood Size of apparatus to be used in hood, etc. A facility designed for intensive chemical use should have at least 2.5 linear feet of hood space per occupant. Evaluating the operational and research needs of the users will ensure that the appropriate type and number of hoods is integrated into the laboratory. 2. Constant Volume Hoods Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 11 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

12 These hoods permit a stable air balance between the ventilation systems and exhaust by incorporating a bypass feature. If bypass is 100%, this allows a constant volume of air to be exhausted through the hood regardless of sash position. 3. Variable Air Volume (VAV) Fume Hoods These hoods maintain constant face velocities by varying exhaust volumes in response to changes in sash position. Because the only amount of air needed to maintain the specified face velocity is pulled from the room, significant energy savings are possible when the sash is closed. However, since these hoods cost more upfront and require more maintenance, effective sash management (e.g., pull sash closed when not using hood) is necessary. 4. Supply or Auxiliary Air Hoods These hoods are not permitted unless an exception is granted by EHLS. It is very difficult to keep the air supply and exhaust of supply hoods properly balanced. In addition the supply air is intemperate causing discomfort for those working in the hot or cold air stream. As a result, the supply vent is often either shut or blocked off, which eliminates any potential benefit of this type of hood. Finally, the presence and movement of the user s body in the stream of supply air creates turbulence that degrades the performance of the hood. 5. Ductless Fume Hoods: Portable non-ducted fume hoods are generally not permitted, however, a portable hood may be used for limited applications (e.g., used inside of an existing hood for a special application, such as odor control). Such applications must be reviewed and approved EHLS on a case-by-case basis. ANSI/AIHA Z9.5, 5.16 Portable hoods often do not meet the regulatory airflow requirements. Filters used with these units must be changed frequently and vary in filtration effectiveness from chemical to chemical. 6. Perchloric/Hot Acid Hoods: a. Heated Perchloric acid shall only be used in a laboratory hood specifically designed for its use and identified as For Perchloric Acid Operations. (Exception: Hoods not specifically designed for use with Perchloric acid shall be permitted to be used where the vapors are trapped and scrubbed before they are released into the hood). NFPA 45, Chapter Heated Perchloric acid will give off vapors that can condense and form explosive perchlorates. Limited quantities of Perchloric acid vapor can be kept from Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 12 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

13 condensing in laboratory exhaust systems by trapping and scrubbing the vapors at the point of origin. b. Perchloric acid hoods and exhaust ductwork shall be constructed of materials that are acid resistant, nonreactive, and impervious to Perchloric acid. NFPA 45, Chapter ANSI/AIHA Z9.5 c. The exhaust fan should be acid resistant and spark-resistant. The exhaust fan motor should not be located within the ductwork. Drive belts should not be located within the ductwork. NFPA 45, Chapter d. Ductwork for Perchloric acid hoods and exhaust systems shall take the shortest and straightest path to the outside of the building and shall not be manifolded with other exhaust systems. Horizontal runs shall be as short as possible, with no sharp turns or bends. The ductwork shall provide a positive drainage slope back into the hood. Duct shall consist of sealed sections. Flexible connectors shall not be used. NFPA 45, Chapter e. Sealants, gaskets, and lubricants used with Perchloric acid hoods, duct work, and exhaust systems shall be acid resistant and nonreactive with Perchloric acid. NFPA 45, Chapter ANSI/AIHA Z9.5 f. A water spray system shall be provided for washing down the hood interior behind the baffle and the entire exhaust system. The hood work surface shall be watertight with a minimum depression of 13 mm (½ inch) at the front and sides. An integral trough shall be provided at the rear of the hood to collect wash-down water. NFPA 45, Chapter ANSI/AIHA Z9.5 Perchloric acid is a widely used reagent known to produce flammable or explosive reaction products; hence, the need to have wash down capabilities after each use to remove residues. A watertight surface will contain any chemical spills or leaks from leaking to underneath hood. g. Spray wash-down nozzles shall be installed in the ducts no more than 5 ft. apart. The ductwork shall provide a positive drainage slope back into the hood. Ductwork shall consist of sealed sections and no flexible connectors shall be used. Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 13 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

14 NFPA 45, Chapter h. The hood surface should have an all-welded construction and have accessible rounded corners for cleaning ease. NFPA 45 Access for cleaning is an important design feature i. The hood baffle shall be removable for inspection and cleaning. NFPA 45, Chapter j. Each Perchloric acid hood must have an individually designated duct and exhaust system. ANSI/AIHA Z Radioactive Material Use a. Laboratory hoods in which radioactive materials are handled shall be identified with the radiation hazard symbol. NFPA, Chapter A b. Fume hoods intended for use with radioactive isotopes must be constructed of stainless steel or other materials that will not be corroded by the chemicals used in the hood. NCRP Report #8 NFPA 99, Chapter c. The interior of all radioisotope hoods must have covered corners to facilitate decontamination. NFPA 99, Chapter IAEA, Safe Handling of Radionuclides Cracks and crevices are difficult to decontaminate. d. The hood exhaust may require filtration by HEPA or Charcoal HEPA filters. Where such is the likelihood, the hood must have a bag-out plenum for mounting such filters and fan capacity for proper operation of the hood with the filter installed. The most appropriate location for the plenum is near the exhaust port of the fume hood (i.e., proximal to the hood). NFPA 99, Chapter IAEA, Safe Handling of Radionuclides e. Hoods used for radioactivity should have sashes with horizontal sliding glass panels mounted in a vertical sash. Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 14 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

15 NFPA 99, Chapter CFR 20: Appendix B IAEA, Safe Handling of Radionuclides f. The cabinet on which the hood is installed shall be adequate to support shielding for the radioactive materials to be used therein. NFPA 99, Chapter CFR 20: Appendix B IAEA, Safe Handling of Radionuclides g. In general, glove boxes with HEPA filtered exhausts shall be provided for operations involving unsealed radioactive material that emit alpha particles. Consults with the Radiation Safety Program for specific requirements. NFPA 99, Chapter CFR 20: Appendix B IAEA, Safe Handling of Radionuclides 8. American with Disabilities Act (ADA) Hoods: Must consult with UH s ADA Compliance Office regarding the number of lab hoods to install in facilities which are accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities recommend minimally one ADA hood per laboratory floor. These hoods must provide appropriate work surface heights, knee clearances, reach to controls, etc., to individuals in wheelchairs. Texas Accessibility Standard (TAS) Disability Accessibility Guidebook The location of at least one ADA hood per floor will enable disabled individuals to conduct their research without having to transport chemicals, etc., in elevators. 9. Walk-in Fume Hoods; these hoods must meet the type, design, and construction requirements of ANSI/AIHA Z , ANSI/AIHA Z Special Purpose Hoods: These hoods include enclosures for operations for which other types of hoods are not suitable (e.g., enclosures for analytical balances, histology processing machines, special mixing stations, evaporation racks). These hoods must be designed per ANSI Z9.2 and the Industrial Ventilation manual. I. Fume Hood Labeling ANSI/AIHA Z9.5 Industrial Ventilation A Manual of Recommended Practice (ACGIH) 1. Laboratory hoods and special local exhaust ventilation systems (SLEV) shall be labeled to indicate intended use (e.g., Perchloric Acid Hood ). Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 15 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

16 NFPA 45, Chapter A label must be affixed to each hood containing the following information from the last inspection: a. Verification due date b. Average face velocity c. Inspector s initials NFPA 45, Chapter (NOTE: This code cites slightly different information for the label. UH determined it was appropriate to create a label with the above information). J. Fume Hood Construction, Installation & Performance 1. Fume hoods designed for use must meet the intent of the chemicals to be used. Hoods that will exhaust corrosive materials, acids, etc. shall be designed for the intended use. 2. New hoods can be mounted above a chemical storage cabinet, provided that the cabinet meets the NFPA 101 Life Safety Code requirements for construction. Recommend that solvent storage not be located under the laboratory fume hood as this location is where fires are most likely to occur in laboratories. 3. Type 316 stainless steel should be used for all parts of the fume hood system ventilation duct as long as compatibility is maintained. This material affords good, general corrosion, impact and vibration resistance. 4 Fume hood interior surfaces shall be constructed of corrosion resistant, non-porous, non-combustible materials such as type 316 stainless steel, and should be smooth and impermeable with rounded corners. These materials shall have a flame spread index of 25 or less when tested in accordance with NFPA method 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials. NFPA 45, Chapter , , NFPA 99, ANSI/AIHA Z , 5.12 Type 316 stainless steel (SS 316) is specified to avoid corrosion, thereby extending fume hood life. Splashes of liquid containing radioactive materials can be easily cleaned when hoods are constructed of non-porous materials such as stainless steel. Perchloric acid digestion over time may result in the condensation and consequential Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 16 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

17 formation of perchlorate crystals which, in large quantities, pose an explosion hazard, especially if combined with organic chemical condensate. 5. Hood inserts are only permitted for radioactive iodination procedures specifically approved by the UH Radiation Safety Officer. 6. Laboratory hoods shall be provided with a means of containing minor spills. NFPA 45, Chapter ANSI/AIHA Z9.5, 5.2 The means of containing minor spills might consist of a 6.4-mm (¼ in.) recess in the work surface, use of pans or trays, or creation of a recess by installing a curb across the front of the hood and sealing the joints between the work surface and the sides, back, and curb of the hood. 7. There must be a horizontal bottom airfoil inlet at the front of the hood. ANIS/AIHA Z9.5, 5.2 The air foil at the front of the hood floor assures a good sweep of air across the working surface toward the back of the hood. This minimizes the generation of turbulent or eddy currents at the entrance to the hood. 8. Adjustable baffles with horizontal slots must be present in the fume hood interior at the back and top when using chemicals, solvents, etc. that are heavier than air. ANSI/AIHA Z9.5, 5.2 Locating the slots in this manner will attain reasonably uniform face velocity under different conditions of hood use as related to heat sources, size, and configuration of equipment in the hood. 9. Before a new fume hood is put into operation, an adequate supply of makeup air must be provided to the lab. A fume hood exhausts a substantial amount of air. For this reason, additional make up air must be brought into the room to maintain a proper air balance. 10. Face Velocity: Radioisotope Laboratory fume hoods shall provide a minimum average effective face velocity of 120 linear feet per minute (fpm), with a minimum of 80 fpm at any point. 11. Certification: Laboratory fume hoods, when installed in a new or renovated laboratory space, must pass an ASHRAE test performed after installation within the laboratory space. Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 17 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

18 12. Where the required velocity can be obtained by partly closing the sash, the sash and/or jamb shall be marked to show the maximum opening at which the hood face velocity will meet the requirements. Fume hood sashes shall be set at a minimum of 14 working heights and designed for an 18 working height. 13. An airflow indicator shall be provided and located so that it is visible from the front of the fume hood. NFPA 45, Chapter ANSI/AIHA Z , 5.8 Follow manufacturer s procedures for calibration of air flow indicator during installation. Follow manufacturer s schedule for periodic calibration and maintenance parameters thereafter. Performance criteria for various airflow indicators are as follows: Kim Wipes: Shows inward flow Magnahelic Gauges: Mark on gauge inches water read when average face velocity at 120 fpm FPM Readout: Average readout is 120 fpm Audio/Visual Alarms: Go into alarm mode if average face velocity drops to 80 fpm 14. Baffles shall be constructed so that they may not be adjusted to restrict the volume of air exhausted through the laboratory hood. NFPA 45, Chapter 6-8, Fans should run continuously without local control from hood location and independently of any time clocks or switches. NFPA For new installations or modifications of existing installations, controls for laboratory hood services (e.g., gas, air, and water) should be located external to the hood and within easy reach. NFPA 45, Chapter Shutoff valves for services, including gas, air, vacuum, and electricity shall be outside of the hood enclosure in a location where they will be readily accessible in the event of fire in the hood. The location of such a shut-off shall be legibly lettered in a related location on the exterior of the hood. NFPA 99, Chapter 5-4, 3.6 Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 18 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

19 NFPA Laboratory hoods shall not have an on/off switch located in the laboratory. Exhaust fans shall run continuously without direct local control from laboratories. NFPA Drying ovens shall not be placed under fume hoods. 20. High limit switches shall not be installed in duct work or fume hoods. K. Fume Hood Power and Electrical 1. Chemical fume hood exhaust fans shall be connected to an emergency power system in the event of a power failure. This backup power source will ensure that chemicals continue to be exhausted. 2. Emergency power circuits should be available for fan service so that fans will automatically restart upon restoration after a power outage. Continual fan service will ensure that hazardous materials are exhausted continually. 3. Momentary or extended losses of power shall not change or affect any of the control system s set points, calibration settings, or emergency status. After power returns, the system shall continue operation exactly as before, without the need for any manual intervention. Alarms shall require manual reset, should they indicate a potentially hazardous condition. 4. Fume hood ventilating controls should be arranged so that shutting off the ventilation of one fume hood will not reduce the exhaust capacity or create an imbalance between exhaust and supply for any other hood connected to the same system. NFPA 99, Chapter In installations where services and controls are within the hood, additional electrical disconnects of one fume hood will not reduce the exhaust capacity or create an imbalance between exhaust and supply for any other hood connected to the same system. NFPA 45, Chapter Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 19 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

20 Locating services, controls, and electrical fixtures external to the hood minimizes the potential hazards of corrosion and arcing. 6. Hood lighting shall be provided by UL-listed fixtures external to the hood or, if located within the hood interior, the fixtures shall meet the requirements of NFPA 70, (National Electrical Code). NFPA 45, Chapter Light fixtures should be of the fluorescent type and replaceable from outside the hood. Light fixtures must be displaced or covered by a transparent impact resistant vapor tight shield to prevent vapor contact. Fluorescent bulbs radiate less heat than conventional bulbs while maintaining a safe and illuminated work area inside the hood. 8. The valves, electrical outlets and switches for utilities serving hoods should be placed at readily accessible locations outside the hood. All shutoff valves should be clearly labeled. Plumbing (e.g., vacuum lines) should exit the sides of the fume hood and not the bench top. NFPA 45, Chapter NFPA Chapter (Health Care) Approximately half of the 120 V outlets in common instrument rooms are to be on emergency power? (VA Lab requirement) L. Sashes 1. Hoods shall have transparent movable sashes constructed of shatter-resistance, flame resistant material and capable of closing the entire front face. ANSI/AIHA Z Vertical-rising sashes are preferred. If horizontal sashes are used, sash panels (horizontal sliding (and must be 12 to 14 inches in width. Good Practices per UH EHLS Sashes may offer extra protection to lab workers since they can be positioned to act as a shield. 3. A force of five pounds shall be sufficient to move vertically and/or horizontally moving doors and sashes. Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 20 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

21 M. Ducting ANSI/AIHA Z , Hood exhausts should not be manifolded together: Exhaust ducts from each lab unit shall be separately ducted to a point outside the building, to a mechanical room, or to a shaft. Connection to common chemical fume hood exhaust duct system shall be permitted to occur within a building only in any of the following locationsi. A protected mechanical room ii. Fire rated shaft iii. A point outside the building NFPA 45 Replacement of duct with same size and same size fan will trigger an automatic ASHRAE test for a fume hood. However EHLS may request one on a case by case basis. 2. Horizontal ducts must slope at least 1 inch per 10 feet downward in direction of airflow to a suitable drain or sump. ANSI/AIHA Z , 6.1 Liquid pools and residue buildup which can result from condensation may create a hazardous condition if allowed to collect. 3. Ducts exhausting air from fume hoods should be constructed entirely of non-combustible material. Gaskets should be resistant to degradation by the chemicals involved and fire resistant. NFPA 45, Chapter Automatic fire dampers shall not be used in laboratory hood exhaust systems. Fire detection and alarm systems shall not be interlocked to automatically shut down laboratory hood exhaust fans. NFPA 45, Chapter 6-10 Fire dampers are not allowed in hood exhaust ducts. Normal or accidental closing of a damper may cause an explosion or impede the exhausting of toxic, flammable, or combustible materials in the event of a fire. 5. Ducts must be made of a compatible material that co-exists with the type of chemical being exhausted. 6. All exhaust ducts must be tested as medium pressure 3 lwc. and test to not allow for more than 1% loss per 100 feet of duct. Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 21 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

22 N. Exhaust 1. New exhaust fans should be oriented in an up-blast orientation. Any other type of fan orientation increases the fan workload and increases the risk of exhaust emission re-entrainment. 2. Hood exhaust stacks shall extend at least 7 feet above the roof. Discharge shall be directed vertically upward. If parapet walls are present, EHLS recommends that stacks extend at least 2 feet above the top of a parapet wall or at least 7 feet above the roof, whichever is greater. NOTE: The UH Facilities Planning and Construction office must be contacted if any building feature such as exhaust stacks, extend above the roofline. 3. Hood exhausts shall be located on the roof as far away from air intakes as possible to preclude recirculation of laboratory hood emissions within a building. For toxic gas applications, the separation distance shall be at least 75 feet from any intake. As future gas necessities are difficult to predict, EHLS recommends at least 75 feet for all applications. 4. Discharge from exhaust stacks must have a velocity of at least 3,000 fpm. Achieving this velocity should not be done by the installation of a cone type reducer. The duct may be reduced, but the duct beyond the reduction should be of sufficient length to allow the air movement to return to a linear pattern. ANSI Z , Strobic type exhaust fans may be used to address exhaust velocity needs. 5. Rain caps that divert the exhaust toward the roof are prohibited. 6. Laboratory ventilation exhaust fans shall be spark-proof and constructed of materials or coated with corrosion resistant materials for the chemicals being transported. V-belt drives shall be conductive. NFPA 45 Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 22 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

23 7. Vibration isolators shall be used to mount fans. Flexible connection sections to ductwork, such as neoprene coated glass fiber cloth shall be used between the fan and its intake duct when such material is compatible with hood chemical use factors. 8. Each exhaust fan assembly shall be individually matched (cfm, static pressure, brake horsepower, etc.) to each laboratory ventilation system. Industrial Ventilation Manual 9. Exhaust fans shall be located outside the building at the point of final discharge. Each fan shall be the last element of the system so that the ductwork through the building is under negative pressure. 10. Fans shall be installed so they are readily accessible for maintenance and inspection without entering the plenum. If exhaust fans are located inside a penthouse, PPE needs for maintenance workers shall be considered. NFPA 45 O. Wind Engineering 1. Wind engineering evaluations should be conducted for all wind directions striking all walls of a building where fume hood exhaust is likely to have significant ground level impact, or is likely to affect air intake for the same nearby buildings. 2. Emergency generator exhaust should be considered in the wind engineering study. P. Noise Good Practices per UH EHLS 1. System design must provide for control of exhaust system noise (combination of fangenerated noise and air-generated noise) in the laboratory. Systems must be designed to achieve an acceptable Sound Pressure Level (SPL) frequency spectrum (room criterion) as described in the 1991 HVAC Applications Handbook. ANSI/AIHA Z9.5, HVAC Applications Handbook Acceptable SPL may vary depending on the intended room use. UH has established a NC of 40 for a standard laboratory. Q. Specialty, Controlled Climate, and Cold Rooms 1. The issue of ventilation in cold rooms during periods of occupancy or for storage of hazardous materials must be addressed. EHLS should be consulted to review arrangements for providing fresh and exhaust air during periods of occupancy and for storage of hazardous materials or compressed gases. Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 23 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

24 Cold Rooms used only for the storage of non-hazardous materials must have latches that can be operated from the inside to allow for escape. 2. Specialty rooms, designed for human occupancy must have latches that can be operated from the inside to allow for escape. NFPA 101 Life Safety Code 3. Latches and frames shall be designed to allow actuation under all design conditions, such as freezing. Magnetic latches are recommended. 4. Doors of walk-in specialty rooms must have viewing windows and external light switches. R. Lab Hood Commissions 1. Proper operation of fume hoods must be demonstrated by the contractor installing the fume hood prior to project closeout. Containment performance test per ANSI/ASHRAE 110 is required by EHLS. ANSI/AIHA Z Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 24 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

25 Section 1.2 EMERGENCY EYEWASH AND SAFETY SHOWER EQUIPMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page A. Regulations, Standards and References B. Scope C. Applications D. General Location E. Eyewash Requirements F. Deluge Shower Requirements G. Testing H. Approved Equipment A. Regulations, Standards and References Regulations: ANSIZ 358 Standards and References: American National Standards Institute (ANSI), Z358.1 Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment National Fire Protection Association Health Care Facilities, Handbook 99, Chapter 10-6, Emergency Shower Texas Accessibility Standard (TAS) Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 25 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

26 B. Scope This Guide presents the minimum performance requirements for eyewash and shower equipment for the emergency treatment of the eyes or body of a person exposed to injurious materials. It covers the following types of equipment emergency shows, eyewash equipment, and combination shower or eye/face wash. 1. A plumbed eyewash shall be provided for all work areas where, during normal operations or foreseeable emergencies, the eyes of an employee may come into contact with a substance, which can cause corrosion, severe irritation, or is toxic, by skin absorption. Drench hoses, sink faucets, or showers are not acceptable eyewash facilities. NFPA 99 Chapter An emergency shower shall be provided for all work areas where, during normal operations or foreseeable emergencies, area of the body may come into contact with a substance which is corrosive, severely irritating to the skin or is toxic by skin absorption. C. Applications NFPA 99 Chapter 10-6 A deluge shower shall be installed within all acid washing areas. Where the eyes or body of any person may be exposed to injurious or corrosive materials, suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body shall be provided within the work area for immediate emergency use. These situations include: Areas where corrosive or injurious chemicals are used, such as: o Solutions of inorganic or organic acids or bases with a ph of 2.0 or less, or 12.5 or more, o o Other organic or inorganic materials that are corrosive or irritating to eyes or skin (e.g., methylene chloride, phenol, or) Organic or inorganic materials that are significantly toxic by skin absorption (e.g., phenol), Areas where corrosive chemicals are used in a closed system that can catastrophically fail and cause the chemicals to leak (i.e., liquid lead-acid battery charging areas, or areas where pressurized systems with corrosive liquids are used). Storage areas where breakable containers of injurious or corrosive materials are handled outside their original shipping cartons. Waste accumulation areas that could contain corrosive waste materials. Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 26 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

27 All work areas where formaldehyde solutions in concentrations greater than or equal to 0.1% are handled, and Areas where operations involve the use of air or water reactive liquids or solids. 29 CFR D. General Location Signage Where to Install 1. Emergency eyewash facilities and deluge showers shall be unobstructed and accessible locations that require no more than 10 seconds or 55 feet travel distance away from the injured person to reach along an unobstructed pathway (i.e., no doors without panic bars or which don t swing open when pushed). If both eyewash and shower are needed, they shall be located so that both can be used at the same time by one person. ANSI Z358.1, and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Emergency Eyewash/Showers: Install an emergency eyewash/shower so that a disabled person can access it within 10 seconds or 55 feet travel distance. These emergency eyewash/showers must provide appropriate accessibility (e.g., activation of controls and height of eyecups) to individuals in wheelchairs. 3. Emergency eyewash and shower locations shall be identified with a highly visible sign. The areas around the eyewash or shower shall be well lit and highly visible. ANSI Z Whenever possible, the floor immediately beneath the eyewash and emergency shower, and to a radius of between about inches, shall be a distinctive pattern and color to facilitate promoting a clear path of access and clearly identify the location. Prohibitions around Equipment 5. No obstructions, protrusions, or sharp objects shall be located within 16 inches from the center of the spray pattern of the emergency shower facility. ANSI Z Electrical apparatus, telephones, thermostats, or power outlets should not be located within 6 feet of either side of the emergency shower or emergency eyewash facility (i.e., a 6-feet clearance zone) or have electrical equipment GFCI protected. Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 27 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

28 N.F.P.A. 101 Life Safety Code Prevent potential electrical hazards posed when the water generated by the activated emergency eyewash/safety shower is in proximity to live electrical equipment. E. Eyewash Requirements Flushing Rates 1. A means shall be provided to ensure that a controlled flow of flushing fluid is provided to both eyes simultaneously. ANSI Z358.1, Eyewash equipment shall be capable of delivering to the eyes not less than 0.4 gallons per minute of flushing fluid for 15 minutes. ANSI Z358 Flushing Temperature 1. Any eye wash or eye wash combinations must incorporate an adjustable tepid watering valve for hot and cold to maintain a degree temperature range. All independent eye wash units Eyewash Positioning ANSI Z358.1, The eyewash unit shall be positioned with the water nozzles inches from the floor and 6 inches minimum from the wall or nearest obstruction. The unit must be located at an operable sink. ANSI Z358.1, Equipment Activation 3. The valve shall be designed so that the flushing fluid remains on without requiring the use of the operator s hands. The valve shall be designed to remain activated until intentionally shut off. ANSI Z (a) ANSI Z Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 28 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

29 Eyewash Equipment Protection 4. Nozzles shall be protected from airborne containments. The removal of the nozzle protection shall not require a separate motion by the operator when activating the unit. ANSI Z358.1, F. Deluge Shower Requirements 1. The emergency shower location must have a level surface beneath the shower head. NFPA 101 Life Safety Code Having a level surface will prevent the users from tripping while trying to access and use the emergency shower. 2. Emergency showerheads shall be designed so that a flushing fluid column is provided that is not less than 82 inches and not more than 96 inches in height from the surface on which the user stands. ANSI Z The shower head should not be mounted flush or recessed within any constructed surfaces or partitions and the center of the spray pattern shall be located at least 16 inches from any obstruction. ANSI Z358.1, 4.1 Recessing the showerhead may limit access and/or affect spray pattern. 4. The spray pattern shall have a minimum diameter of 20 inches at least 60 inches above the surface on which the user stands. ANSI Z358.1, 4.1 Flushing Rates 5. Emergency showerheads shall be capable of delivering a minimum 75.7 liters per minute (20 gpm) of flushing fluid. ANSI Z358.1, The shower should be attached to a flushing fluid supply from a 1-inch minimum iron pipe size (IPS). Good Practice (based on ANSI manufacturer s test procedures) Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 29 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A

30 Equipment Activation 7. The valve shall be designed so that the flushing fluid remains on without requiring the use of the operator s hands. The valve shall be designed to remain activated until intentionally shut off. ANSI Z358.1, The manual actuator, triangle pull, shall be located not more than 69 inches above the surface on which the user stands. The manual actuator shall be free from obstruction for 18 to 24 inches in all directions. The actuator shall not be mounted flush or recessed within any constructed surfaces or partitions. ANSI Z358.1, 4.3 Design for Maintenance/Use 9. The water supply to showers and/or shower/eyewash combination units should be controlled by a ball-type shutoff valve, which is visible and accessible to shower testing personnel in the event of leaking or failed shower head valves. This design will make maintenance easier. 10. A water flow device must be attached to the shower that activates the fire alarm system using a Priority 2 when water is flowing. 11. The water that is discharged through the shower or eyewash must be tepid. Any eye wash or eye wash combinations must incorporate an adjustable tepid watering valve for hot and cold to maintain a degree Fahrenheit temperature range. G. Testing 1. The contractor installing the emergency eyewash or shower equipment prior to project closeout and facility occupation must demonstrate proper operation of the equipment. Tags to allow monthly testing records to be kept shall be affixed to the showers and eyewash fountains. By testing the equipment, UH can be assured that it is working properly before the users begin their research. H. Approved Equipment Print Date: 7/29/2015 Page 30 of 62 Section 12.0, Addnm A