Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin

Transcription

1 Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin P/N EN REV 01 ISS 16SEP16

2 Copyright Trademarks and patents Manufacturer Contact information 2016 UTC Fire & Security. All rights reserved. Signature Series is a trademark of UTC Fire & Security. Other trade names used in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of the manufacturers or vendors of the respective products. Edwards, A Division of UTC Fire & Security Americas Corporation, Inc Town Center Parkway, Bradenton, FL 34202, USA For contact information, see United Technologies Corporation All rights reserved.

3 Content Important information... iii Limitation of liability... iii FCC warning... iii Related documentation... iv Overview of Signature Series heat, smoke, and carbon monoxide detectors... 1 Spacing and location... 4 Heat detector spacing... 5 Smoke detector spacing CO detector locations Combination and multisensor detector spacing Under-floor installation Stratification and spacing compensation Smoke detector high air movement Heat detector applications Intelligent fixed-temperature heat detector Intelligent rate-of-rise heat detector Smoke detector applications Intelligent photoelectric smoke detector Intelligent 3D multisensor smoke detector Avoidance of false alarms Air duct smoke detector applications Controlling smoke spread Duct detector mounting plate (SIGA-DMP) CO detector applications CO information Installing CO detectors Door release service Sensitivity readings Recording detector sensitivity and available compensation Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin i

4 Testing and routine smoke, heat, and CO detector maintenance procedures Initial installation testing Routine maintenance Preventative maintenance and test schedule SIGA sensor function test procedures Detector cleaning procedures CO maintenance reports SIGA removal procedures ii Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin

5 Important information Limitation of liability The content of this manual is proprietary in nature and is intended solely for distribution to authorized persons, companies, distributors or others for the sole purpose of conducting business associated with UTC Fire & Security. The distribution of information contained within this manual to unauthorized persons shall constitute a violation of any distributor agreements and may result in implementation of legal proceedings. The Signature Series detectors have been designed to meet the requirements of the following standards: CAN/CSA CAN/ULC-S527 CAN/ULC-S CAN/ULC-S530-M91 ICES-003 NFPA 72 NFPA 720 UL 268 UL 268A UL 521 UL 864 UL 2034 UL 2075 Installation in accordance with this manual, applicable codes, and the instructions of the authority having jurisdiction is mandatory. UTC Fire & Security shall not under any circumstances be liable for any incidental or consequential damages arising from loss of property or other damages or losses owing to the failure of UTC Fire & Security products beyond the cost of repair or replacement of any defective products. UTC Fire & Security reserves the right to make product improvements and change product specifications at any time. While every precaution has been taken during the preparation of this manual to ensure the accuracy of its contents, UTC Fire & Security assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. FCC warning This equipment can generate and radiate radio frequency energy. If this equipment is not installed in accordance with this manual, it may cause interference to radio communications. This equipment was tested and found to comply within the limits for Class A computing devices pursuant to Subpart B of Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These rules provide reasonable protection against such interference when this equipment is operated in a commercial environment. If the operation of this equipment causes interference, the user must correct the interference and incur the expense. Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin iii

6 Related documentation NFPA 70 NFPA 72 NFPA 720 UL 38 UL 217 UL 228 UL 268 UL 268A UL 346 UL 464 UL 521 UL 864 UL 1481 UL 1638 UL 1971 UL 2075 CAN/ULC S-524 CAN/ULC S-527 CAN/ULC S CAN/ULC-S530-M91 CAN/ULC S-536 CAN/ULC S-537 CAN/CSA-6.19 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1 Batterymarch Park Quincy, MA National Electric Code National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code Installation of Carbon Monoxide (CO) Detection and Warning Equipment Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL) 333 Pfingsten Road Northbrook, IL Manually Actuated Signaling Boxes Single and Multiple Station Smoke Alarms Door Closers/Holders for Fire Protective Signaling Systems Smoke Detectors for Fire Protective Signaling Systems Smoke Detectors for Duct Applications Waterflow Indicators for Fire Protective Signaling Systems Audible Signaling Appliances Heat Detectors for Fire Protective Signaling Systems Control Units and Accessories for Fire Alarm Systems Power Supplies for Fire Protective Signaling Systems Visual Signaling Appliances - Private Mode Emergency and General Utility Signaling Signaling Devices for the Hearing Impaired Gas and Vapor Detectors and Sensors Underwriters Laboratories of Canada (ULC) 7 Underwriters Rd Toronto Canada M1R 3B4 Installation of Fire Alarm Systems Control Units for Fire Alarm Systems Smoke Detectors for Fire Alarm Systems Heat Actuated Fire Detectors for Fire Alarm Systems Inspection and Testing of Fire Alarm Systems Verification of Fire Alarm Systems Residential Carbon Monoxide Alarming Devices iv Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin

7 Overview of Signature Series heat, smoke, and carbon monoxide detectors The Signature Series family of detectors includes a variety of detection technologies available in various combinations to meet the needs of the fire protection community. The detectors are constructed of a high-impact polymer. Each detector self-locks in all SIGA bases. Table 1 below lists the available detector models. Table 2 below lists the available detector bases and accessories. Table 1: SIGA [1] smoke, heat and carbon monoxide sensor (CO) detectors Model SIGA-PD SIGA-PHD [2] SIGA-HFD SIGA-HRD SIGA-COD SIGA-COD-CA [3] SIGA-HCD SIGA-HCD-CA [3] SIGA-PCD SIGA-PCD-CA [3] SIGA-PHCD SIGA-PHCD-CA [3] Description Photoelectric Smoke Detector Combination Photoelectric Smoke and 135 F (57 C) Fixed- Temperature Heat Detector 135 F (57 C) Fixed-Temperature Heat Detector 15 F (8 C) per minute Rate-of-Rise Heat Detector CO (Carbon Monoxide) Detector Combination 15 F (8 C) per minute Rate-of-Rise, 135 F (57 C) Fixed- Temperature Heat Detector with CO sensor Photoelectric Smoke Detector with CO sensor Combination Photoelectric Smoke and 135 F (57 C) Fixed- Temperature Heat Detector with CO sensor [1] The SIGA detectors are backwards compatible with the SIGA and SIGA2 detectors, providing equivalent functionality. [2] The SIGA-PHD device can report the heat and photo elements as separate event types (independent - latched, or independent - nonlatched), or together (combo alarm - latched). To set the type of reporting, refer to the SDU Help version 11.0 or later. [3] Model numbers with the suffix -CA are approved by ULC. Table 2: Signature Series accessories and bases Model Description SIGA-AB4G Audible (Sounder) Base SIGA-AB4GT CO Compatible Sounder Base [1] SIGA-AB4G-LF Low Frequency Sounder Base [1] SIGA-TCDR Temporal Pattern Generator [1] SIGA-SB Detector Mounting Base SIGA-SB4 Detector Mounting Base with SIGA-TS4 Trim Skirt Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin 1

8 Model SIGA-IB SIGA-IB4 SIGA-RB SIGA-RB4 SIGA-LED SIGA-TS4 SIGA-TS SIGA-VA SIGA-RTA SIGA-DMP Description Detector Mounting Base with Fault Isolator Detector Mounting Base with Fault Isolator includes SIGA-TS4 Trim Skirt Detector Mounting Base with Relay Detector Mounting Base with Relay with SIGA-TS4 Trim Skirt Remote Alarm LED Trim Skirt, supplied with 4-inch bases Trim Skirt, optional for with other than 4 inch bases SIGA Vacuum Tool SIGA Removal Tool Duct Mounting Plate [1] For use with CO detectors Signature Series smoke, heat, and carbon monoxide sensor detectors are intelligent analog addressable devices that contain their own microprocessors that allow them to make alarm decisions based on the information collected by their sensors. Depending on the detector, decisions may be based on the information gathered by up to three independent sensing elements. Addressing: All Signature Series detectors feature electronic addressing. No addressing switches are used. LEDs: Signature Series detectors use LEDs to indicate the detector s condition. In normal condition, a flashing green LED indicates that the control panel is performing background supervision and a flashing red LED indicates an alarm condition. In the event of a loss of communication in some systems, the detector operates in a stand-alone mode. As long as it maintains circuit continuity to the control panel, the detector indicates the stand-alone mode by the steady operation of the LED in the detectors. Self-diagnostics: Signature Series detectors can perform and store a comprehensive range of self-diagnostic measurements. The detector stores information regarding a detector s hours of operation, last maintenance date, sensitivity values, and number of recorded alarms and troubles. Sensitivity: The alarm sensitivity is the minimum obscuration level at which the detector initiates an alarm condition. On some Signature Series detectors, the alarm sensitivity level may be changed to any of five sensitivity settings using the control panel programming. See Table 3. Suitability: To select which detector is best suited for a particular type of fire, see the following. Intelligent fixed-temperature heat detectors; see Table 8. 2 Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin

9 Intelligent rate-of-rise temperature heat detectors; see Table 9. Intelligent photoelectric smoke detectors; see Table 10. Intelligent 3D multisensor smoke detectors; see Table 11. Verification: All Signature Series smoke detectors offer alarm verification for validating an alarm condition before the control panel processes it. When enabled, the alarm verification tries to reset a detector that has initiated an alarm condition. If the detector cannot be reset or if it returns to its alarm condition within the required time window, the alarm is considered valid and the control panel processes the alarm. Prealarm: Signature smoke detectors can be configured to enter a prealarm state, which generates a monitor event message. The detector can be set to a percentage of the alarm sensitivity setting that will generate a prealarm event. Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin 3

10 Spacing and location This section discusses the parameters for the spacing and location of heat detectors, smoke detectors, and CO detectors. To better understand the requirements, use the following definitions: Beams are solid structures that project down from the ceiling surface more than 4 in. (100 mm) and are spaced at intervals of more than 36 in. (910 mm), center-to-center. Ceiling is the upper surface of a space, regardless of the height. Consider a ceiling: Level, if it has a slope of less than or equal to 1 in 8. Sloping, if it has a slope of more than 1 in 8. Sloping peaked-type, if the ceiling slopes in two directions from the highest point. Consider curved or domed ceilings as a peaked ceiling, with the slope figured as the slope of the chord from highest to lowest point. See Sloping peaked-typed ceilings on page 9. Sloping shed-type, if the high point is at one side with the slope extending toward the opposite side. See Sloping shed-typed ceilings on page 10. Ceiling Height is the height from the floor to the ceiling of a room or space. Ceiling surface The surfaces of the ceiling can vary based on types describe below. Beam Construction, Ceilings that have solid structural or solid nonstructural members projecting down from the ceiling surface more than 4 in. (100 mm) and spaced more than 36 in (910 mm), center to center. Girder, A support for beams or joists that runs at right angles to the beams or joists. If the top of the girder is within 4 in. (100 mm) of the ceiling, the girder is a factor in determining the number of detectors and is to be considered a beam. If the top of the girder is more than 4 in. (100 mm) from the ceiling, the girder is not a factor in detector location. Smooth, if it is uninterrupted by continuous projections, such as solid joists, beams, or ducts that extend more than 4 in. (100 mm) below the ceiling surface. Solid joists are solid structures that project down from the ceiling surface more than 4 in. (100 mm) and are spaced at intervals of 36 in. (910 mm) or less, center-to-center. Consider solid joists equivalent to beams for smoke detector spacing guidelines. Design spacing spacing required for a particular installation. Listed spacing the spacing for which a detector is rated. 4 Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin

11 Partitions walls extending from the floor toward the ceiling. If they are within 15% of the ceiling, consider the space separated by the partitions as separate rooms. Heat detector spacing This section discusses detector spacing for spot-type heat detectors that use fixed temperature, rate-of-rise, or a combination of the two to detect a fire. For a list of Signature Series heat detectors, see Table 4 below. Table 4: Signature Series heat detectors Description Fixed temperature and heat rate-of-rise [1] Fixed temperature SIGA SIGA-HRD SIGA-HCD SIGA-HCD-CA SIGA-HFD [1] For combination heat and rate-of-rise or photo-thermal detectors, see Table 6. Do not install heat detectors in areas with an ambient temperature above F (38 C). When determining detector placement, consider ceiling height, construction, and ventilation as these affect a detector s performance. A heat detector s listed spacing rating is based on detector installation on a flat smooth ceiling that is 10 ft. (3 m) high. The spot-type listed spacing equates detector operation with the opening of a standard sprinkler head within 2 minutes (±10 seconds) located 10 ft. (3 m) from the same fire. Detector spacing is shown in Figure 1 on page 6. Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin 5

12 Figure 1: Listed spacing for heat detectors 1 S/2 S/2.7S.7S S/2 S S S S/2 S S S S/2 1. Heat detector S = Listed spacing between detectors: SIGA detectors S = 50 ft. (15.2 m) Note: Spacing is dependent on the ceiling height (50 ft. spacing for a 10 ft. ceiling height) 6 Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin

13 Detector coverage is typically represented as a square because most structures have flat sidewalls. Actual detector coverage is a circle whose radius is 0.7 times the listed spacing. The listed spacing for SIGA heat detectors is S = 50 ft. (15.2 m). Figure 2 below shows that the square areas of coverage, A, B, and C, are all within the detector's circle of coverage. Figure 2: Detector s circle of coverage A B C Since all of the area within the detector s circle of coverage is suitable for detecting a fire, the shape and dimensions of the detector coverage square in Figure 3 on page 8 may be modified. Note that, although the coverage square is now a rectangle, the coverage area remains within the overall detector circle of coverage. Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin 7

14 Figure 3: Heat detector spacing, rectangular areas 1 30 ft. x 30 ft. = 900 ft.² (9.1 m x 9.1 m = 84 m²) 25 ft. x 34 ft. = 850 ft.² (7.6 m x 10.4 m = 79 m²) 20 ft. x 37 ft. = 740 ft.² (6.1 m x 11.3 m = 69 m²) 15 ft. x 39 ft. = 585 ft.² (4.6 m x 11.9 m = 54 m²) 10 ft. x 41 ft. = 410 ft. ² (3.1 m x 12.5 m = 38 m²) 1. Based on 50 ft. listed spacing. Figure 4: Heat detector placement near ceiling/wall joints 1 4 in. (10mm) min. 4 in. (100 mm) min in. (300 mm) max. 4 in Smooth ceiling, place detector 4 in. (100 mm) from wall 2. Never in this area: 4 in. (100 mm) from top of wall or corner 3. Top of detector is acceptable in shaded area: 4 to 12 in. (100 to 300 mm) from ceiling 4. Wall 5. Floor 8 Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin

15 When installed on the ceiling, locate the heat detectors a minimum of 4 in. (100 mm) from the wall. When installed on walls, locate the detector between 4 in. (100 mm) and 12 in. (300 mm) from the ceiling, as shown Figure 4 on page 8. Ceiling height and construction Make spacing adjustments when installing heat detectors on other than flat smooth ceilings or at ceiling heights 10 ft. (3 m) to 30 ft. (9.1 m) high. Table 5 below lists the reduction in spacing required when mounting detectors on ceilings higher than 10 ft. (3 m). This reduced spacing yields the equivalent response of detectors located on a 10 ft. (3 m) ceiling. Evaluate ceilings above 30 feet with consideration to the best type of detection and the placement and spacing. Table 5: Heat detector ceiling height reduction percentages Ceiling height Percent of listed spacing SIGA-HFD, SIGA-HRD, SIGA-HCD, SIGA-HCD-CA 0 to 10 ft. (0 to 3.0 m) ft. (15.3 m) 10 to 12 ft. (3 to 3.7 m) ft. (13.9 m) 12 to 14 ft. (3.7 to 4.3 m) ft. (12.8 m) 14 to 16 ft. (4.3 to 4.9 m) ft. (11.7 m) 16 to 18 ft. (4.9 to 5.5 m) ft. (10.8 m) 18 to 20 ft. (5.5 to 6.0 m) ft. (9.8 m) 20 to 22 ft. (6.0 to 6.7 m) ft. (8.8 m) 22 to 24 ft. (6.7 to 7.3 m) ft. (7.9 m) 24 to 26 ft. (7.3 to 7.9 m) ft. (7.0 m) 26 to 28 ft. (7.9 to 8.5 m) ft. (6.0 m) 28 to 30 ft. (8.5 to 9.1 m) ft. (5.2 m) Note: Ceiling heights higher than 30 ft. (9.1 m) exceed the limits of the testing for the requirement of the code. Sloping peaked-typed ceilings In rooms with sloping peaked-typed ceilings, (see Figure 5 on page 10) place the first row of detectors within 36 in. (910 mm) horizontally of the peak, but not closer than 4 in. (100 mm) vertically to the peak. Space additional detectors, if required, based upon the horizontal projection of the ceiling and ceiling construction. For a ceiling slope of: Less than 30 degrees, space the detectors using the height at the peak. Greater than 30 degrees, space the detectors, other than those located in the peak, based on the average slope height or the height of the peak. Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin 9

16 Figure 5: Detector spacing - sloping peaked-type ceiling 4 in. (100 mm) in. (910 mm) 36 in. (910 mm) 3 1/2 S S ½ S 1. Do not mount detector in this area 2. Mount detector anywhere in this area 3. Heat or smoke detector S = Listed spacing between detectors: SIGA detectors S = 50 ft. (15.2 m) Sloping shed-typed ceilings In rooms with sloped ceilings (see Figure 6 on page 11) having a slope greater than 1 ft. in 8 ft. (.3 m in 2.4 m), place the first row of detectors within 36 in. (910 mm) of the high end of the ceiling, but not closer than 4 in. (100 mm) from the adjoining wall or ceiling. Space additional detectors, if required, based upon the horizontal projection of the ceiling and ceiling construction. If the slope is: Less than 7.2 (1 in 8), treat the ceiling as a level ceiling Less than 30, adjust the horizontal spacing according to the height of the peak Greater than 30, adjust the horizontal spacing according to the average sloped ceiling height or to the height of the peak This spacing modification for sloped shed-typed ceilings is identical for spot-type heat detectors and smoke detectors. 10 Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin

17 Figure 6: Detector spacing - sloping shed-typed ceiling in. (100 mm) 3 2 ½ S S S S S 36 in. (910 mm) 4 in. max. (100 mm) 1. Heat or smoke detector 2. Do not mount detector in this area 3. Mount detector anywhere in this area S = Listed spacing between detectors: SIGA detectors S = 50 ft. (15.2 m) Solid joists When spacing heat detectors at right angles to the solid joists, do not exceed 50% of the listed spacing and mount the detectors at the bottom of the joists. Figure 7: Heat detector spacing - solid joists 1 > 4 in. (100 mm) D W 3 2 D. Depth W. Spacing between joist 1. Ceiling 2. Detector 3. Joist Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin 11

18 Figure 8: Reduced spacing for solid joists construction 1/2 S 1/2 S 1/4 S 1/4 S 1 1/2 S 2 S 1/2 S S = Listed spacing between detectors: SIGA detectors S = 50 ft. (15.2 m) 1. Heat detector 2. Joist Open joists or beams Exposed beams may impede the flow of fixed or rate-of-rise heat detectors. Beams are defined as solid structures extending 4 in. (100 mm) or more down from the ceiling. Beam spacing depends on the depth of projection from the ceiling and the center-to-center spacing between the beams. If the beams project: Less than or equal to 4 in. (100 mm) below the ceiling, mount the detector on the ceiling with normal ceiling spacing. See Figure 9, item 1. More than 4 in. (100 mm) below the ceiling, mount the detector on the ceiling. Do not exceed 66% of the listed spacing at right angles to the beam direction. Treat the spacing in the direction parallel to the beams separately. See Figure 9, item 2. Less than 12 in. (300 mm) in depth and are spaced less than 96 in. (2.44 m) on center, mount the detectors on the bottom of the beams. See Figure 9, item 3. Greater than 18 in. (460 mm) below the ceiling and are more than 96 in. (2.44m) on center, treat each bay created by the beams as a separate area. See Figure 9, item 4. For additional details, see NFPA Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin

19 Figure 9: Heat detector spacing - beam construction in. D > 4 in. (100 mm) D W (100 mm) < 96 in. (2.44 m) > 12 in. (300 mm) D W > 18 in. (460 mm) D W > 96 in. (2.44 m) 7 6 D = Depth of beam W = Beam spacing 1. D = 4 in. (100 mm) 2. D = > 4 in. (100 mm) 3. D = > 12 in (300 mm, W = < 96 in. (2.4 m) 4. D = > 18 in. (460 mm), W = > 96 in. (2.4 m) 5. Ceiling Section 6. Heat detector 7. Solid beam 8. Side view Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin 13

20 Smoke detector spacing The spot-type smoke detector spacing unless otherwise stated shall be 30 ft. (9.1 m) ±5% or 18 in. (460 mm) is based upon the detector installation on a smooth ceiling that is 10 ft. (3 m) high. Detector coverage is typically represented as a square, because most structures have flat sidewalls. Like spot-type heat detectors, smoke detector coverage is a circle whose radius is 0.7 times the listed spacing. Since all of the area within the detector s circle of coverage is suitable for detecting smoke from fire, the shape and dimensions of the detector coverage square may be modified. Note that, although the coverage square is a rectangle, the coverage area is within the overall detector circle coverage. (See Figure 3 on page 8.) Note: It is required that smoke detectors be installed on S = 30 ft. (9.1 m) ±5% or 18 in. (460 mm) installed on x centers, on smooth ceilings. NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code contains additional information regarding spacing adjustments. Ceilings and walls Locate smoke detectors on the ceiling or, if on a sidewall, between the ceiling and 12 in. (300 mm) down from the ceiling to the top of the detector. Figure 10: Smoke detector placement near ceiling/wall joints in. (300 mm) max Smooth ceiling 2. Top of detector is acceptable in this area 3. Wall 4. Floor For a smooth ceiling, for every point on the ceiling, locate the detector within a horizontal measurement no greater than 0.7 times the selected spacing. 14 Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin

21 Beams and solid joists For smoke detector spacing, solid joists are considered equivalent to beams. For ceilings with a beam or solid joist depth less than 10 percent of the ceiling height (0.1 H) mount the detectors on the bottom of beams. For ceilings with a beam or solid joist depth equal to or greater than 10 percent of the ceiling height (0.1 H) and a beam spacing equal to or greater than 40 percent of the ceiling height (0.4 H), locate the detectors on the ceiling in each beam pocket. For ceilings with a beam depth equal to or greater than 10 percent of the ceiling height (0.1 H) and a beam spacing less than 40 percent of the ceiling height (0.4 H), locate the detectors either on the bottom of the beams or on the ceiling at smooth ceiling spacing in the direction parallel to the beams and at one-half smooth ceiling spacing in the direction perpendicular to the beams. Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin 15

22 Figure 11: Smoke detector spacing - beam construction H H 7 6 H = Ceiling Heights 1 < 1.0 H H and. 0.4 H H and. 0.4 H 4. Side view 5. Ceiling Section 6. Heat detector 7. Solid beam Sloping ceilings with beams For sloping ceilings with beams running parallel up the slope: Locate the smoke detectors on the ceiling within the beam pockets. The ceiling height is the average height over slope. To determine the detector spacing, measure along the horizontal projection of the ceiling. Smooth ceiling spacing is permitted within beam pocket(s) parallel to the beams. For beam depths less than or equal to 10 percent of the ceiling height (0.1 H), locate the detectors with smooth ceiling spacing perpendicular to the beams. 16 Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin

23 For beam depths greater than 10 percent of the ceiling height (0.1 H) and beam spacing greater than or equal to 40 percent of the ceiling height (0.4 H), locate the detectors in each beam pocket. For beam depths greater than 10 percent of the ceiling height (0.1 H) and beam spacing less than 40 percent of the ceiling height (0.4 H), smoke detectors are not required in every beam pocket but must be spaced not greater than 50 percent of smooth ceiling spacing. Sloping ceilings with intersecting beams For sloped ceilings with beam pockets formed by intersecting beams, position the detectors on the bottom of perpendicular beams and align them with the center of the pocket. See Figure 12 below. Figure 12: Spacing for sloping ceilings with beam pockets formed by intersecting beams 2 3 D/H 0.1 D/H Smoke detector D = Beam depth; H = average ceiling height over slope 1. Upslope 2. Place the detectors with not more than three beams between detectors and not exceeding the smooth ceiling spacing 3. Place the detectors with not more than two beams between detectors and not exceeding the 50% of the smooth ceiling spacing Sloping peaked-typed ceilings In rooms with sloping peaked-type ceilings, place the first row of detectors within 3 ft. (1 m) (horizontally) of the ceiling peak. Space additional detectors, if required, based upon the horizontal projection of the ceiling and ceiling construction. This modification of spacing for smoke detectors on sloped ceilings is identical to that used for spot-type heat detectors. See Figure 5 on page 10. Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin 17

24 In rooms with sloping shed-typed ceilings having a slope: Less than a 1 ft. in 8 ft. (.3 m in 2.4 m) rise, treat as a level ceiling. Greater than a 1 ft. in 8 ft. (.3 m in 2.4 m) rise, place the first row of detectors within 36 in. (910 mm) of the high end of the ceiling. Space additional detectors, if required, based upon the horizontal projection of the ceiling and ceiling construction. Less than 30, adjust the horizontal spacing according to the height of the peak. Greater than or equal to 30, adjust the horizontal spacing according to the average sloped ceiling height. This spacing modification for smoke detectors on sloped ceilings is identical to that used for spot-type heat detectors. See Figure 6 on page 11. CO detector locations Selecting a suitable location is critical to the operation of CO detectors. Install the SIGA CO detector in accordance with NFPA 720 Standard for the Installation of Carbon Monoxide (CO) Detection and Warning Equipment, UL 2075 Standard for Gas and Vapor Detectors and Sensors, CAN/CSA Residential Carbon Monoxide Alarming Devices, CSA C22.1 Canadian Electrical Code, Part 1 and applicable codes. Base the detector location and spacing on an engineering evaluation that considers potential sources and migration of carbon monoxide. In this evaluation, consider the HVAC system, which can provide CO migration. Place the wall-mounted detectors at least 5 ft. (1.5 m) up from the floor. For ceiling mounted applications, place the detector at least 1 ft. (0.3 m) from any wall. For combination detectors, follow the spacing requirements for each sensor. See Combination and multisensor detector spacing on page 20. The recommended CO detector locations are: In every bedroom, within 10 ft. (3 m) of sleeping areas, including areas such as hotel rooms and dorm rooms. In residential dwellings, locate detectors in every bedroom, within 10 ft. (3 m) of sleeping areas, and on each level. At a minimum, place one detector outside the sleeping areas. See Figure 13 on page 19. Centrally located and on every habitable level of the building including basements and excluding attics and crawl spaces; and in every HVAC zone based on an engineering evaluation considering potential sources and migration of carbon monoxide. In any area required by local building codes, legislation, or authority having jurisdiction. 18 Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin

25 On the ceiling in the same room as permanently installed fuel-burning appliances. In a suitable environment per the detector specifications. On a firm, permanent surface. Do not install the CO detector: Within 5 ft. (1.5 m) of any cooking appliance Within 10 ft. (3 m) of a fuel-burning appliance Near air conditioners, heating registers, or any other ventilation source that may interfere with CO gas entering the detector Where furniture or draperies may obstruct the airflow In a recessed area Note: To reduce the possibility of nuisance alarms, ventilate accommodation spaces when using cleaning supplies or similar contaminants. Figure 13: Recommended CO detector locations CO detector locations WARNING: The CO detector by itself does not provide smoke or fire protection. For life safety and property protection from fire, use the detector with ionization detectors, photoelectric smoke detectors, or both. Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin 19

26 Combination and multisensor detector spacing A combination detector is a device that responds to more than one fire phenomenon or employs more than one operating principle to sense one of these phenomena. Typical examples are a combination heat detector and smoke detector or a combination rate-of-rise and fixed-temperature heat detector. The Signature Series has combination and multisensor detectors. For a list of these, see Table 6 below. Table 6: Signature Series combination and multisensor detectors Description Combination 15 F (8 C) per minute rate-of-rise, and 135 F (57 C) fixed-temperature heat detector Combination 15 F (8 C) per minute rate-of-rise, and 135 F (57 C) fixed-temperature heat detector and CO sensor Combination photoelectric smoke and fixedtemperature heat Combination photoelectric smoke and CO sensors Combination photoelectric smoke, fixed-temperature heat, and CO sensors SIGA SIGA-HRD SIGA-HCD, SIGA-HCD-CA SIGA-PHD SIGA-PCD SIGA-PCD-CA SIGA-PHCD SIGA-PHCD-CA For spacing information about the thermal portion of the detector, see Heat detector spacing on page 5. Note: If using combination detectors incorporating both fixed temperature and rate-of-rise heat detection principles, space the detector based on the rate-ofrise. For spacing information about the smoke portion of the detector, see Smoke detector spacing on page 14. Note: If using combination smoke and heat detection principles, space the detector based on the smoke portion. For example, space combination smoke and heat detectors with a maximum spacing of 30 ft. (9.1 m) ±5% or 18 in. (460 mm). 20 Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin

27 Under-floor installation When spot-type smoke detectors are installed under raised floors, they are subjected to high air velocities and dust levels. Install the detectors with the base up or the base vertical (never down) as shown in Figure 14 below. This minimizes the effects of dirt, dust, and mechanical interference from cabling. Figure 14: Permissible smoke detector under floor mounting A C A. Junction box secured to structure B. Junction box secured to floor support C. Junction box secured to angle iron or channel support 1. Raised floor panel 2. Smoke detector 3. Junction box 4. Steel angle or channel support 5. EMT or FMC conduit 6. Clamp Stratification and spacing compensation Stratification occurs when the upward movement of smoke and gases ceases due to the loss of buoyancy of heated smoke. Stratified air within a room may impede smoke reaching the detector. To improve detection system response in situations where stratification exists, install additional detectors at elevations below ceiling level as shown in NFPA 72. For additional information, refer to NFPA 72. Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin 21

28 Figure 15: Smoke detector compensation for stratification in. (910 mm) min Ceiling section 2. Smoke detector, at ceiling 3. Smoke detector, below ceiling 4. Side view 5. Plan view 22 Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin

29 Smoke detector high air movement The use of spot-type smoke detectors in areas of high air movement (greater than 300ft./min [1.5m/sec]) requires a suitable reduction in detector spacing to maintain detector performance. Use Table 7 below to determine the reduce detector spacing in these areas. This table is not valid for use under floor or in ceiling plenum areas, however, the principle of reduced spacing in these highvelocity areas applies. Table 7: High airflow area detector spacing reduction Minutes per air change Number of air changes per hour Coverage per detector ft.2 (12 m2) ft.2 (23 m2) ft.2 (35 m2) ft.2 (46 m2) ft.2 (58 m2) ft.2 (70 m2) ft.2 (81 m2) ft.2 (84 m2) ft.2 (84 m2) ft.2 (84 m2) Effects of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems Because airflow is critical to the transportation of smoke to the detector location, never locate smoke detectors closer than 36 in. (910 mm) to an HVAC supply diffuser or return air opening. Higher velocity intake and return grills may require additional clearance. Do not rely on the operation of the HVAC system when spacing smoke detectors. Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin 23

30 Heat detector applications WARNINGS Heat detectors do not: Operate without electrical power. As fires frequently cause power interruption, discuss further safeguards with the local fire protection specialist. Sense fires in areas where heat cannot reach the detector. Heat from fires in walls, roofs, or on the opposite side of closed doors may not reach the detector. Provide, by themselves, life safety protection. Use heat detectors with a combination ionization detectors, photoelectric smoke detectors, or both. Detect oxygen levels, smoke, toxic gases, or flames. Use these devices as part of a broad-based life safety program which includes a variety of information sources pertaining to heat and smoke levels, extinguishment systems, visual and audible devices, and other safety measures. According to independent studies, use heat detectors only for property protection. Never rely on heat detectors as the sole means of fire protection. Heat detectors sense change in air temperature and initiate alarm conditions based on a fixed-temperature point, rate of temperature rise, or amount of temperature rise above ambient condition. The Signature Series heat detectors are spot-type detectors. Spot-type heat detectors have a detecting element or elements that respond to temperature conditions at a single point or in a small area. The fixed-temperature detectors respond when the detecting element becomes heated to a predetermine level. The rate-of-rise detectors respond when the temperature rises at a rate that exceeds a predetermined value. Intelligent fixed-temperature heat detector Table 8 below lists six standard types of fire and the suitability of the intelligent fixed-temperature heat detectors for each. The applicable intelligent fixedtemperature heat detectors are SIGA-HFD and the fixed-heat portion of SIGA-HCD, SIGA-HCD-CA, SIGA-PHCD, SIGA-PHCD-CA, SIGA-PHD, and SIGA-PHD. These detectors contain a 135 F (57 C) fixed-temperature heat sensor that is best suitable for detecting fast, flaming fires such as open wood and liquid fires without smoke. 24 Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin

31 Table 8: Intelligent fixed-temperature heat detector applications Type of Fire Open wood Wood pyrolysis Smoldering cotton PU foam N-heptane Liquid fire without smoke Suitability of detectors Optimal Unsuitable Unsuitable Suitable Very Suitable Optimal Intelligent rate-of-rise heat detector Table 9 below lists six standard types of fire and the suitability of the intelligent rate-of-rise heat detectors for each. The intelligent rate-of-rise temperature heat detectors are SIGA-HRD, SIGA-HCD, and SIGA-HCD-CA. These detectors contain a 15 F (8.5 C) per minute rate-of-rise heat sensor, which is best suitable for detecting fast, flaming fires such as open wood and liquid fires without smoke. Table 9: Intelligent rate-of-rise temperature heat detector applications Type of fire Open wood Wood pyrolysis Smoldering cotton PU foam n-heptane Liquid fire without smoke Suitability of detectors Optimal Unsuitable Unsuitable Suitable Very Suitable Optimal Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin 25

32 Smoke detector applications Smoke detectors sense the presence of smoke particles. In order for a smoke detector to sense these particles, smoke must travel from the point of origin to the detector. When evaluating a particular building or location for detector layout, determine likely fire locations and paths of smoke travel from each of these fire locations. Wherever practical, conduct actual field tests. The most desired location for smoke detectors is the common points of intersection of smoke travel from fire locations throughout the building. Ceiling height, construction, and ventilation play significant roles in smoke detector performance. Intelligent photoelectric smoke detector Table 10 below lists six standard types of fire and the suitability of the intelligent photoelectric smoke detectors for each. The intelligent photoelectric smoke detectors are SIGA-PD, SIGA PHD, and the photoelectric section of SIGA-PCD, SIGA-PCD-CA, SIGA-PHCD, and SIGA-PHCD-CA. Photoelectric smoke detectors have a wide range of fire sensing capabilities and are best suited for detecting slow, smoldering fires such as wood pyrolysis and smoldering cotton. Table 10: Intelligent photoelectric smoke detector applications Type of Fire Open wood Wood pyrolysis Smoldering cotton PU foam N-heptane Liquid fire without smoke Suitability of detectors Unsuitable Optimal Optimal Very suitable Very suitable Unsuitable Intelligent 3D multisensor smoke detector Table 11 below lists six standard types of fire and the suitability of the intelligent 3D multisensor smoke detectors for each. The intelligent 3D multisensor smoke detectors are SIGA-PHD and the multisensor portion of SIGA-PHCD and SIGA-PHCD-CA. The multisensor device has a wider range of fire sensing capabilities than single sensor detectors. The multisensor detector is best suited for detecting slow, smoldering fires such as wood pyrolysis, smoldering cotton, and n-heptane. The supplemental information provided by the integral fixedtemperature heat sensor also makes the multisensor detector very suitable for detecting the other types of fire. 26 Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin

33 Table 11: Intelligent 3D multisensor smoke detector applications Type of fire Open wood Wood pyrolysis Smoldering cotton PU foam N-heptane Liquid Fire without smoke Suitability of detectors Very suitable Optimal Optimal Very suitable Optimal Very suitable Avoidance of false alarms Smoke detectors are sensitive to a number of environmental factors (other than smoke), which may inadvertently activate the detectors. Careful consideration of the environment in which a detector is installed minimizes unwanted detector activation (nuisance alarms). When locating smoke detectors, consider common sources of false alarms: Cooking equipment Welding, cutting, and industrial processes Chemical fumes Dust Engine exhaust Vibration Excessive airflow Lightning and power outages Lighting fixture and other electrical equipment that may emit noise/emf Radio frequency transmissions Steam and moisture Note: Signature Series smoke detectors provide automatic environmental compensation, which reduces the occurrence of false alarms by allowing sensing elements to adapt to long-term environmental changes, caused by dirt, smoke, temperature, and humidity. Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin 27

34 Air duct smoke detector applications Controlling smoke spread Smoke detectors placed in air ducts or plenums are not substitutes for open area smoke detectors. Do not place heat or CO detectors in air ducts. Install spot-type smoke detectors listed for the required air velocity up to 12 in. (30 cm) in front of or behind the opening in return ducts. When the duct height exceeds 36 in. (91 cm), space the detectors per Table 12 below. Rigidly mount the detector within the air duct. Permanently mark all duct detector locations and ensure that they are accessible for cleaning and maintenance. See Figure 17 on page 29. Table 12: Location of spot-type detectors in return air duct openings Duct Size [1] Up to 36 in. (910 mm) Up to 72 in. (1.83 m) Over 72 in. (1.83 m) Detector placement One detector centered in the duct opening Two detectors located at the 1/4 points of the duct opening One additional detector for each full 24 in. (610 mm) of duct opening [1] Duct size is the greater of the width (horizontal dimension) or depth (vertical dimension) Figure 16: Smoke detector spacing in return ducts 36 in. (910 mm) max. 72 in. (1.83 m) max. W/2 36 in. (910 mm) max. W/4 W/4 D/2 D/2 72 in. (1.83 m) 24 in. (610 mm) 18 in. (460 mm) 36 in. max. (910 mm) max. D/2 D/2 18 in. (460 mm) max. W Width D Depth Smoke detector One detector is required for each full 24 in. (610 mm) of additional opening width 28 Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin

35 Note: Keep the detectors spaced equally apart. Figure 17: Smoke detector location in return ducts Electrical box 2. Detector 3. Access panel door 4. Air duct Duct detector mounting plate (SIGA-DMP) The SIGA-DMP Duct Detector Mounting Plate is a 7 in. (178 mm) square mounting plate with a 4 in. (100 mm) square electrical box used to directly mount a Signature Series smoke detector inside an air duct. The SIGA-DMP includes screws for mounting the detector base and a rubber gasket that forms an airtight seal between the mounting plate and the air duct wall. See Figure 18 below. Note: Do not use with CO or heat only detectors. Figure 18: SIGA-DMP Install the SIGA-DMP in duct applications. Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin 29

36 Compatible smoke detectors include the SIGA-PD, and SIGA-PHD. Compatible bases include the SIGA-SB, SIGA-SB(4), SIGA-RB, SIGA-RB(4), SIGA-IB, and SIGA-IB(4), Table 13 below lists compatible smoke detectors and the acceptable air velocity range for each. Table 13: SIGA-DMP compatible smoke detectors Model SIGA-PD, SIGA-PHD Acceptable air velocity range 0-4,000 ft./min (0 to m/s) There are three possible installation configurations for the SIGA-DMP. Refer to Figure 19 on page 31. Option 1: Installing the SIGA-DMP to a remote LED When mounting the SIGA-DMP in an easily accessible, clearly visible location on the air duct, use a remote LED (model SIGA-LED) to mount the SIGA-DMP and to indicate Normal and Alarm conditions of the smoke detector. Option 2: Installing the SIGA-DMP to a remote relay module When mounting the SIGA-DMP on a control relay module (model SIGA-CR), use a remote LED (model SIGA-LED) to provide indication of normal and alarm conditions of the smoke detector. Option 3: Mounting the SIGA-DMP to a blank cover When using the SIGA-LED at a remote location to provide indication of normal and alarm conditions of the smoke detector, install a blank cover plate on the SIGA-DMP. 30 Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin

37 Figure 19: SIGA-DMP installation options Option 1: Remote LED, SIGA-LED 2. Option 2: Control Relay Module, SIGA-CR, use the SIGA-LED to indicate detector status 3. Option 3: Blank cover plate 4. Air duct wall thickness: 0.75 in. (19 mm) max. 5. Compatible detector 6. Compatible base 7. Duct detector mounting plate, SIGA-DMP If there are multiple doorways, space the detectors as listed below: If the distance between doorways exceeds 24 in. (610 mm), treat each doorway separately. Treat each group of three or more doorway openings as separate. Treat each group of doorway openings with an overall width greater than 20 ft. (6.1 m) as separate. For additional information and detector location requirement for single and double doors, see NFPA 72. Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin 31

38 CO detector applications The Signature Series Carbon Monoxide (CO) detector is an intelligent analog device that uses a CO sensor to detect carbon monoxide. The detector then analyzes the sensor data to determine when to initiate a life safety CO alarm. For model numbers and descriptions, see Table 1 on page 1. The CO detectors have the following features. Carbon monoxide sensor. The CO sensor is designed to detect carbon monoxide gas from any source of combustion. It is not intended to detect fire, smoke, or any other gas. The detector analyzes the air every eight seconds and sends a signal to the FACP when the concentration of CO and the time of CO exposure produces above 5% COHb (the concentration of CO in the human body, carboxyhemoglobin), as set forth in UL 2075 and CAN/CSA LED indicator. The LED indicator displays the following states: Normal: green LED indicator flashes; take no action. Alarm/active: red LED indicator flashes; evacuate the area. Stand-alone alarm: red LED indicator glows continuously; evacuate the area. Sensor end-of-life indicator. The detector signals a trouble condition on the control panel when the CO sensor module reaches end of life. Self-diagnostic. The CO detector performs tests every eight seconds to check if the sensor is operating correctly and to verify that the calibration data is valid. Regulatory compliance: The CO detector complies with UL 2075 and CAN/CSA CAN/CSA requires that the system generate a threepulse temporal code (TC3) for fire alarms and a four-pulse temporal code (TC4) for CO alarms. In addition, ULC requires that the CO zone type setting is monitor, latching or non-latching. 32 Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin

39 CO information WARNINGS This product is intended for use in ordinary indoor locations of family living units. It is not designed to comply with commercial or industrial standards such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The detector only indicates the presence of CO gas at the detector. Carbon monoxide gas may be present in other areas. Failure to properly install, test, and maintain a CO detector may cause it to fail, potentially resulting in loss of life. Installation of a CO detector does not substitute for proper installation, use, and maintenance of fossil fuel-burning appliances, including appropriate ventilation and exhaust systems. To reduce the risk of CO poisoning, test the detector operation when not in use for 10 days or more. This detector does not operate without electrical power. As fires frequently cause power interruption, discuss further safeguards with the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). Do not paint the detector. Notes Connect this detector only to a UL Listed control panel capable of differentiating between alarm signals (fire, burglary, CO, etc.) and providing distinct identification for each. To reduce the likelihood of nuisance alarms, ventilate accommodation spaces when using household cleaning supplies or similar contaminants. If a detector has been exposed to such contaminants, test it promptly afterwards. This CO detector is calibrated at the factory. The CO sensitivity is set to conform to UL 2075 and CAN/CSA requirements and cannot be changed by the user. For the requirement settings, see Table 14 below. Table 14: Sensitivity based on UL 2075 and CAN/CSA alarm requirements CO concentration Alarm time 30 ± 3 PPM Must not alarm 70 ± 5 PPM 60 to 240 Minutes 150 ± 5 PPM 10 to 50 Minutes 400 ± 10 PPM 4 to 15 Minutes Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin 33

40 Symptoms of CO poisoning The following symptoms related to CO poisoning should be discussed with all occupants of the protected site. Mild exposure: Slight headache, nausea, vomiting, fatigue (often described as "flu-like" symptoms). Medium exposure: Severe throbbing headache, drowsiness, confusion, fast heart rate. Extreme exposure: Unconsciousness, convulsions, cardiorespiratory failure, death. Many cases of reported CO poisoning indicate that while victims are aware they are not well, they become so disoriented that they are unable to save themselves by either exiting the building or calling for assistance. Young children and pets may be the first affected. CO sources The CO sensor in this detector is designed to detect carbon monoxide gas from any source of combustion. It is not intended to detect fire, smoke, or any other gas. Potential CO sources include fuel-fired appliances (e.g., space heater, furnace, water heater, range, oven, clothes dryer); other sources of combustion (e.g., kerosene-burning stove or heater, or gas log fireplace); or internal combustion engines. In addition, excessive exhaust spillage or reverse venting of fuel-burning appliances can produce dangerous transient levels of CO. This can be caused by external conditions: Wind direction, velocity, or a combination of both, including high gusts of wind or insufficient draft in vent pipes Temperature inversions that can trap exhaust gases near the ground Negative pressure differential resulting from the use of exhaust fans Simultaneous operation of several fuel-burning appliances competing for limited internal air Vent pipe connections vibrating loose from dryers, furnaces, or water heaters Obstructions in vent pipes or unconventional vent pipe designs which can amplify the above situations Poorly designed or maintained chimneys and/or vents Extended operation of unvented fossil fuel-burning devices (range, oven, fireplace, and etc.) Motor vehicles idling in an open or closed attached garage, or near a home 34 Signature Series Detector Application Bulletin