Irrigation Management for Cotton. Guy D. Collins, Ph.D. Cotton Extension Associate Professor
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1 Irrigation Management for Cotton Guy D. Collins, Ph.D. Cotton Extension Associate Professor March 6-7 th, 2018
2 2016 NC On-Farm Trials (TOP 3 of 8 Varieties - Statewide) Variety AVG Yield DP NG PHY ST DG PHY NG DG Trial AVG
3 100 % UGA Checkbook (in/week)
4 Irrigation Considerations Know efficiency of irrigation system (60-95%) and soil water holding capacity ( inches per foot) High pressure Impact sprinklers (75-85%), Low pressure Spray sprinklers with drop hoses (90-95%) (Vellidis 2014), travelling gun = 50%...maybe 60% (Bednarz) Keep close track of growth stages 1 st square 1 st bloom 1 st open boll (length of bloom period may vary) Utilization of sensors in concert with weekly checkbook Adjust for soil type and retention of moisture (20-60 kpa) (Vellidis, 2014) Account for rainfall.when to resume irrigation Quantify when stress may be encountered ET, Heat, boll demands, etc Wilting indicates you are WAY too late
5 Irrigation Considerations Split apply weekly rates into 2-3 applications System capacity and time required for application Adjust for rainfall (any meaninful rainfall > inches) Soil uptake, runoff, slope, depth to subsoil Prevent complete depletion of soil moisture Short-lived drought can have significant negative effects on yield
6 Root health hard pan, acid subsurface, tillage Maximizing root development prebloom relieves stress during bloom early stress may position the crop for better productivity if stress occurs during the bloom period
7 Seedling diseases and nematodes Nematodes affect root development and water uptake Seedling diseases affect root development wilt sooner
8 Tillage In addition to root growth, tillage affects water holding capacity, longevity of rain events (retention), and water availability Strip-till, cover crop No-till, crop residue Conventional tillage, no cover
9 Wilting during bloom, also maybe serious if occurs during prebloom Non-insect-induced square shed - prebloom Symptoms of water stress Large terminal squares prebloom
10 Symptoms of water stress K deficiency and leafspot If you know that you applied adequate nutrients and no leaching has occurred.. N deficiency and defoliation
11 What about.? Cloudy weather = severe square shed Plant bugs Bollworm Top Crop (for whatever reason)
12 Nodes Above White Bloom Optimal plant growth: st bloom 7-9 peak bloom < 5 cutout Affected by: Water availability (drought) N availability (deficiency) PGR applications
13 Nodes Above White Bloom Start Middle End Sled weight Light Moderate Heavy Speed Fast Slower Stopped
14 Nodes Above White Bloom Prebloom drought: fewer nodes at first bloom boll load quickly restrains terminal growth premature cutout if stress is not immediately relieved very soon after first bloom poor boll load ( yield, regrowth potential) (short staple, high mike) square shed if drought is severe (squares = lower water demands) if stress is mild and relieved by first bloom = better root development, less aggressive plants / vegetative water demands, better growth control, less late-season drought problems variety = full season varieties.less distinct cutout, recover from dry periods and form a top crop better than early varieties which fruit up quickly
15 Water demands and growth stage Lint yield/m 2 Bolls/m 2 Bolls/plant Lint / boll Lint / plant Total water Planting to square initiation Square initiation to 1 st flower st flower to peak bloom Peak bloom to maturity (Physiology Today, 1999 vol 11, no. 2)
16 Effects of prebloom drought Dry prior to first bloom and soon after Adequate prebloom soil moisture
17 Effects of prebloom drought Dry prior to first bloom and soon after Adequate prebloom soil moisture
18 Effects of prebloom drought Dry prior to first bloom and soon after Adequate prebloom soil moisture
19 Effects of prebloom drought Dry prior to first bloom and soon after Adequate prebloom soil moisture
20 Effects of prebloom drought Dry prior to first bloom and soon after Adequate prebloom soil moisture
21 Effects of prebloom drought Dry prior to first bloom and soon after Adequate prebloom soil moisture
22 Effects of prebloom drought Dry prior to first bloom and soon after Adequate prebloom soil moisture
23 Effects of prebloom drought Dry prior to first bloom and soon after Adequate prebloom soil moisture
24 Effects of prebloom drought Dry prior to first bloom and soon after Adequate prebloom soil moisture
25 Effects of prebloom drought Dry prior to first bloom and soon after Adequate prebloom soil moisture
26 Effects of prebloom drought Dry prior to first bloom and soon after Adequate prebloom soil moisture
27 Effects of prebloom drought Dry prior to first bloom and soon after Adequate prebloom soil moisture
28 Effects of prebloom drought Dry prior to first bloom and soon after Adequate prebloom soil moisture
29 Effects of prebloom drought Dry prior to first bloom and soon after Adequate prebloom soil moisture
30 Effects of prebloom drought Dry prior to first bloom and soon after Adequate prebloom soil moisture
31 Effects of prebloom drought Dry prior to first bloom and soon after Adequate prebloom soil moisture
32 Effects of prebloom drought Dry prior to first bloom and soon after Adequate prebloom soil moisture
33 Effects of prebloom drought Dry prior to first bloom and soon after Adequate prebloom soil moisture
34 Effects of prebloom drought Dry prior to first bloom and soon after Adequate prebloom soil moisture
35 Effects of prebloom drought Dry prior to first bloom and soon after Adequate prebloom soil moisture
36 Suspended cutout Dry prior to first bloom but wet soon after
37 Suspended cutout Dry prior to first bloom but wet soon after
38 Suspended cutout Dry prior to first bloom but wet soon after
39 Suspended cutout Dry prior to first bloom but wet soon after
40 Suspended cutout Dry prior to first bloom but wet soon after
41 Suspended cutout Dry prior to first bloom but wet soon after
42 Suspended cutout Dry prior to first bloom but wet soon after
43 Suspended cutout Dry prior to first bloom but wet soon after
44 Suspended cutout Dry prior to first bloom but wet soon after
45 Suspended cutout Dry prior to first bloom but wet soon after
46 Suspended cutout Dry prior to first bloom but wet soon after
47 Suspended cutout Dry prior to first bloom but wet soon after
48 Suspended cutout Dry prior to first bloom but wet soon after
49 100 % UGA Checkbook (in/week)
50 100 % UGA Checkbook (in/week) No Irrigation During Squaring
51 100 % UGA Checkbook (in/week) 2 Per Week During Squaring
52 Total Water Applied 2012 (in/week)
53 Irrigation During Squaring FM 1944 GLB2 No Irr during squaring 1 per week 2 per week PHY 499 WRF
54 2012 Plant Height (in) PHY 499 A A A A B C BC B BCC B B C BC B C LSD (p < 0.05) =
55 2012 NAWF PHY 499 A B C C A A B B C B B NS C LSD (p < 0.05) =
56 2012 Lint Yield (lbs/a) A A B B A A B B LSD (p < 0.05) = 285 LSD (p < 0.05) = 331
57 Total Water Applied 2012 (in/week)
58 Boll demands for water lower Water demands Peak demands = peak bloom Demands begins to decrease once bolls reach full size higher
59 When to cease irrigation??? Chris Main, TN May 22, 2009
60
61 SSDI vs OVHD Beyond 1 st Open Boll FM 1944 GLB2 & PHY 499 WRF Irrigated using 100% UGA Checkbook via SSDI throughout season Irrigation Treatments from 1 st Open Boll until defoliation (regardless of rainfall) None 1 per week applied via SSDI in 0.5 increments 1 per week applied via OVHD in 0.5 increments
62 2 Rainfall and Irrigation (in/week) Each Week Beyond 1 st Open Boll in Both SSDI and OVHD Rainfall Irrigation Total Water Applied week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 week 5
63 Lint Yield (lbs/a) NS LSD (p < 0.05) = 104 LSD (p < 0.05) = 280
64 Uniformity NS LSD (p < 0.05) = LSD (p < 0.05) = 0.98
65 Effects of excessive water during late season Boll rot, lint mold / discoloration, regrowth, but soil water should be near field capacity to fill out bolls
66 Resources for You Cotton Portal Website: NC Variety Calculator: Facebook: North Carolina Cotton facebook.com/groups/ Twitter: List: NCSU Cotton Keith Guy Dominic
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Corn Irrigation and Water Use Total corn water use in Missouri ranges from 20 35 inches depending on relative maturity of the hybrid, planting date, weather, and location. It is important to keep moisture
Challenges & Opportunities of Small Fruit Production. Michele Warmund State Fruit Extension Specialist University of Missouri
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Comparison Blackberry Production Under High Tunnels and Field Conditions. High Tunnels
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Dr. Richard G. Snyder. Professor & Vegetable Specialist
Dr. Richard G. Snyder Professor & Vegetable Specialist When Bad Things Happen to Good Tomatoes Temperature Control is it working correctly? Heaters (64 F min) Fans (keep it under 90 F) Vents HAF Shade
LAWN RENOVATION & OVERSEEDING
LAWN RENOVATION & OVERSEEDING A healthy established lawn is able to out-compete many weeds and withstand a certain amount of pressure from disease and insect attack as well as drought. You can help maintain
What is Xeriscape? Why Xeriscape?
What is Xeriscape? Communities have been faced with increased demands on existing water supplies. Consequently, there is a greater focus on water conservation, not just in times of drought, but in anticipation
Vegetable Gardening When Mother Nature Doesn t Cooperate
Vegetable Gardening When Mother Nature Doesn t Cooperate Erica Smith Montgomery County Master Gardener Please Silence Cell Phone Thanks! College of Agriculture and Natural Resources 3 Our Vision: A healthier
Fertilization and Irrigation Needs for Florida Lawns and Landscapes 1
ENH860 Fertilization and Irrigation Needs for Florida Lawns and Landscapes 1 L.E. Trenholm, E.F. Gilman, G. Denny and J. Bryan Unruh 2 Many Floridians take pride in having a well maintained lawn and landscape
Sandy, low CEC, irrigated soil Acidic ph High ph Cold soils Soil low in P content or available P
Nutrient Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K) Plant Response to Nutrient Influences color, shoot, shoot density, root, rhizome and stolon, high temperature stress, cold tolerance, drought resistance,
Irrigation management in a drought year. What drought means to the tree, and how best to deal with it
Irrigation management in a drought year What drought means to the tree, and how best to deal with it Ken Shackel, Jan/Feb 2014 The current US Drought Monitor Saving water: some general recommendations
EFFECT OF INCLUSION OF BIORAISER POWDER IN GROWING MEDIA ON GRASS GROWTH AND WATER RETENTION OF THE GROWING MEDIA
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Land Formation & Water Management
Land Formation & Water Management Field Development Configuring the field shape, surface and slope Installation of water control structures To Optimize water management Crop production, uniformity Conserve