Responses of Primocane Blackberries to Varying Mow-down and Tipping Regimes. Mark Gaskell, Farm Advisor San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara Counties
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1 Responses of Primocane Blackberries to Varying Mow-down and Tipping Regimes Mark Gaskell, Farm Advisor San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara Counties
2 Primocane fruiting Fruit on first year canes Mow down to eliminate all of prior season's canes More flexible management? Acceptable fruit quality
3 Early trials with primocanes Prime Jim / Prime Jan - newer varieties now available - PrimeArk 45, Reuben (EU) Arkansas VS Oregon; also NC Little published work in CA
4 Factors affecting growth and development Temperature Mowing > primo VS floricanes Tipping - cane density - branch density - nodes, fruits per node - fruit size Timing is important
5 Temperature Faster growth Earlier harvest Faster development flower buds and tipping Tunnels accelerate harvest date
6 Earlier primocane trials (OR) Emergence to first bloom ~ GDD Emergence to peak harvest ~ 2450 GDD Critical developmental stages related to bloom, fruit set
7 Mow-down time Earlier > earlier regrowth - match market price? - earlier fruit is larger Earlier harvest Earlier development - flower buds and tipping Plants may appear similar but different developmental stages
8 Tip pruning (tipping) Top 3" - 6" for soft Hard is on older canes
9 Tipping May affect harvest date - timing? Stimulates branching - increase number of branches - raises branch height Yield > increases branch number and yield "soft" VS "hard" pruning
10 Earlier studies with primocanes Tip pruning is important Soft tipping at 3 ft increased yield % compared to un-tipped > more branches and fruiting nodes and higher % fruiting nodes
11 Earlier studies with primocanes Soft tipping did not delay harvest > this may depend on when Soft tipping may advance 1 week if not too late - before buds have formed - increase yield without delay Tipping after flower buds form > delays harvest
12 "Hard" pruning Hard prune at 3 ft. potentially goes back to older wood and more mature buds. May advance harvest? If mow back already cut canes at 18" then delays fruiting 4 weeks
13 Earlier studies with primocanes Producing in unheated tunnel in OR extended season by 3 weeks Protection from sunburn during hot periods - CA
14 Earlier row-cover studies Row covers advanced harvest 14 days cover from prior to shooting until 18" high (OR) in NC study no effect of row covers if removed after shorter period Use of row covers advanced bloom and increased yield 73% compared to untreated Row covers > no increase in cane number
15 Tipping affects fruiting and cane number Need to increase branch number for high yield More branches / cane, longer branches, more nodes, more fruiting nodes, and higher berry weight % fruiting nodes greater on branches then main canes
16 Pruning trials with PrimeArk-45 San Luis Obispo Co season Open field production Three mow down dates Jan 10, March 10, May 10 Tipping heights - 18", 50" and 18/50
17 Results: Pruning trials with PrimeArk-45 San Luis Obispo Co season January pruning is earliest and highest yielding March mow-down appears similar to January but harvest advanced 3-4 weeks in January mowing March and May mow-down is too late - lose market and yield 18" tipping important 50" tipping > too late
18 Total marketable blackberry yield following different mow-down times January mow March mow May mow - Total marketable - kg per plot lb per acre 12,930 5,420 3,436
19 1250 Weekly marketable yield of Primeark 45 blackberries following different mow-down times Marketable fruit yield (grams) Jan March May
20 Average Weight (grams) Jan Fruit weight of Primeark 45 blackberries following different mow-down dates March May less fruit on any date > so larger? 3
21
22
23 Weekly Yield
24 Weekly Yield
25 other variety - Ouachita? Tipping of regrowth?
26 Vegetative management Cut at soil surface Crown can become woody trunk - below ground cutting? - need to replant after ~5 years?
27 Responses of Primocane Blackberries to Varying Mow-down and Tipping Regimes Mark Gaskell, Farm Advisor San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara Counties
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