High Tunnel Raspberry Production in Grow Bags
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1 Darr School of Agriculture P E R I M E N T S T A T I O N S T A T E F R U I T E X High Tunnel Raspberry Production in Grow Bags Jennifer Morganthaler and Marilyn Odneal Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station
2 This research is funded by The Specialty Crop Block Grant Program and the USDA Special thanks to Shelia Long, Randy Stout, Jeremy Emery and our hourly employees for work on this project.
3 Raspberries Rubus idaeus Red and yellow raspberries (Black raspberries) Perennial crowns with biennial canes Primocane bearers and floricane bearers
4 Management of primocane and floricane bearing raspberries Floricane bearing Primocane bearing Canes do not bear fruit in the first season. The canes overwinter and produce fruit in the second season and then die. Fluctuating winter temperatures in Missouri may injure overwintering raspberry canes. No overwintering canes, no problem with winter injury.
5 Field grown floricane bearing raspberries in Missouri Difficult to overwinter canes to become floricanes due to fluctuating winter temperature. Difficult to grow in heavy soils need excellent internal water drainage Not a common crop in southern Missouri like Blackberries Prelude and Nova
6 Field grown primocane bearing raspberries in Missouri Not a viable commercial crop in Missouri Most cultivars bear in August when heat is an issue Sunburn Diseases due to high humidity and rainfall Sensitive to heavy soils and wet soils Late bearing cultivars harvest period cut short by frost Hertitage, Caroline, Josephine
7 Raspberries in High Tunnels!! Superior to field grown More reliable production Higher yields (even year 1 for primocane bearers) Larger berries Better quality less disease Improved shelf life Extended growing season Protection from frost Protection from heat (shade cloth)
8 Raspberry observational trial Mtn. Grove Caroline, Heritage and Josephine in ground in high tunnel and in an adjacent field planting. Harvested every other day Marketable yield and average berry weight data collected Cull fruit discarded and not weighed Weighed dormant cane prunings
9 Table 1. Three year annual average ( ) weight of marketable yield, weighted average berry weight and weight of dormant canes for three primocane raspberry cultivars grown in a high tunnel (HT) and in the field (F) at Mountain Grove, MO Cultivar/Location Marketable Yield Lbs./30 feet Average Berry Weight grams Caroline HT Caroline F Heritage HT Heritage F Josephine HT Josephine F Dormant Canes Lbs./30 feet
10 Table 2. Marketable yield per cultivar/location for three primocane raspberry cultivars grown in a high tunnel (HT) and in the field (F) at Mountain Grove, MO Cultivar/Location 2011 yield lbs/30 (establishment year) 2012 yield lbs/ yield lbs/30 (significant loss of yield to SWD)* Caroline HT Caroline Field Heritage HT Heritage Field Josephine HT Josephine Field *Spotted Wine Drosophila discovered at Mountain Grove in $5/pint (12 ounces) Josephine in the high tunnel in 2012 would realize $1.42 gross revenue per square foot. Compare with tomatoes (slicers) at $7.25; Cucumbers at $2.50; Lettuce at $8.05 and Green Peppers at $3.20 (ISU Vegetable Production Budgets for a High Tunnel). Problem is that the raspberries are perennial and planted in ground.
11 Raspberry Missouri State
12 Spotted Wing Drosophila Was discovered at our station in 2013 Active after strawberries
13 SWD Management Spray weekly at night Test berries for larvae (1c salt/gallon water) weekly
14 Table 3. Pesticides used on raspberries at the SFES Insecticide Class* PHI Days Max # of Applications Per season Application interval Probably SWD Efficacy Delegate days Excellent Mustang Maxx 3A days Excellent Assail 30 SG 4A days Good Danitol 2.4 EC 3A days Excellent Malathion 5 EC 1B days Good *5 Spinosyns; 3A Pyrethroids and Pyrethrins; 4A Neonicotinoids and 1B Organophosphates
15 A Fixed-Spray System for SWD Management in High Tunnel Raspberries Arthur Agnello, Andrew Landers, and Greg Loeb Department of Enomology, NYSAES, Cornell University, Geneva NY Fixed%20Sprayline%20NY%20Fruit%20Quarterly.pdf
16 An observation In 2015, we discontinued pesticide application on September 28. No larvae were detected in October or November to early December in the high tunnel. Early or late HT production may avoid some SWD pressure. Early floricane producers Prelude? Late primocane producers Crimson Giant?
17 How to produce raspberries in a high tunnel sustainably? Minimize SWD damage? Manage hedgerow density Harvest daily Rotate pesticides Pricing, market and cost of production New Research looking at moving plants in and out of the high tunnel to allow space for other crops to maximize profit per square foot.
18 Research Project Initial Data April 2014 to December Years Additional Funding Specialty Crop Block Grant 30 x 96 High Tunnel Mountain Grove, Missouri
19 Goals Evaluate best cultivars for high tunnel production in grow bags Develop crop rotation cycle with vegetables and raspberries to maximize high tunnel space
20 Joan J Great Britain Early Season Firm, Dark Red Fruit Vigorous and upright Spineless
21 Himbo Top Switzerland Mid Season Large, bright red fruit Vigorous and upright
22 Polka Poland Mid-Season Red, shiny fruit Good sucker production Susceptible to Potato Leaf Hopper Observed Leaf Symptom
23 Josephine University of Maryland Late Season Large, dark red fruit Resistant to leaf hopper Baseline/Control
24 Crimson Giant Cornell University Late Season Large, bright red fruit Cone shape Firm and flavorful Developed for November Market Photo Credit: Dr. Courtney A. Weber, Cornell University
25 Planted Early Season Vegetables
26 Raspberry Planting Bare Root Plug
27 Grow Bags Smart Pot by High Caliper 5 Gallon (12 x ) Aerates Air Prunes Roots Reduces tipping over Maximize Space
28 Experimental Design Randomized Complete Block 5 Treatments (Cultivars) 4 Replications (Blocks)
29 Data Collected Marketable Fruit Weight 25 Berry Weight Weight of dormant canes
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32 Pounds per 20 ft Raspberry Total Yield (34.54) (37.93) Joan J Polka Himbo Top Josephine Crimson Giant Cultivar (22.25) (25.34) (36.09) Yield estimation based on unharvested Green berries on October 31, 2014
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37 Future Plans Continue Evaluation of Lettuce/Raspberry Rotation Monitor SWD Pressure Add a Demonstration Trial of Prelude To observe early Floricane Berry Production Compile a Cost Analysis
38 University of Arkansas Interactive Budget Developed by Center for Agriculture and Rural Sustainability Apple, Blackberry, Blueberry, Raspberry, Strawberry
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41 Raspberries Overwintered
42 Questions?
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