Modern Apple Training Systems. Terence L. Robinson Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Cornell University Geneva, NY 14456
|
|
|
- Edgar Harmon
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Modern Apple Training Systems Terence L. Robinson Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Cornell University Geneva, NY 14456
2 The Problem: What System to Plant? There is great disparity of opinion on the optimum planting density. Some growers plant trees/acre on semidwarfing rootstocks with Central Leader. Most growers plant trees/acre on dwarfing rootstocks with some version of Vertical Axis. A few growers plant 2000 trees/acre on dwarfing rootstocks with Super Spindle.
3 Viable Orchard Systems in NY Tree Density Spacing System (trees/acre) ( trees/ha) (ft.) Rootstocks Slender Pyramid ' x 16' M.26, G.30,G.935 Vertical Axis ' x 14' M.9, G.41,G.11 Slender Axis ' x 12' M.9, G.41,G.11 Tall Spindle ' x 11' M.9, G.41,G.11 Super Spindle ' x 10' M.9, G.41,G.11
4 Slender Spindle/M.9
5 Triple Row Slender Spindle/M.9
6 Geneva Y-trellis/M.26
7 USA-Vertical Axis/G.202
8 V-Slender Spindle/M.9
9 Gala Super Spindle/M.9 (Second Leaf)
10 Tall Spindle/M.9 (Note high branches that do not need to be tied up.)
11 Braeburn Tall Spindle/M.9 (Third Leaf)
12 Tall Spindle/M.9
13 The Geneva Planting Systems Trial (Planted 1997) System Spacing Slender Pyramid/M.7 10' X 18' Slender Pyramid/M.26 8' X 16' Vertical Axis/M.9 7' X 15' Vertical Axis/M.9 6' X 14' Slender Axis/M.9 5' X 13' Slender Axis/M.9 4' X 12' Tall Spindle/M.9 3' X 11' Super Spindle 2' X 10'
14 Super Spindle Tall Spindle 0.6 x 3.1m 0.9 x 3.3m 3m tall 3.2m tall
15 Trunk X-Sect. Area (cm 2 ) Effect of Tree Density on Tree Size Empire Fuji Gala McIntosh ,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 Tree Density (trees/ha) Tree density and variety had a highly significant effect on final trunk crosssectional area. Among M.9 treatments the highest planting density produced trees about 1/3 the size of the lowest planting density.
16 Annual Yield (MT/ha) Yield Curves for 8 Orchard Systems 5382 tree/ha 3262 trees/ha 2243 tree/ha 1655 trees/ha 1283 trees/ha 1026 tree/ha 840 tree/ha 598 trees/ha Year Tree density had a highly significant effect on yield per ha. The highest density system achieved 50Mt/ha on the 4th year while the lowest density system did not surpass 25 Mt/ha.
17 Effect of Tree Density on 7 Yr. Cumulative Yield 250 Cum Yield (MT/ha) Empire Fuji Gala McIntosh 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 Tree Density (trees/ha) Tree density had a highly significant negative effect on cumulative yield per tree but a highly significant positive effect on yield per ha. The cumulative yield per ha of the highest tree density was 3X greater than the lowest density
18 Conic Shape Tree 50 V Shape Tree 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 Tree Density (trees/ha) There was no significant effect of tree shape on yield but there was a significant interaction with tree density. At high tree densities the V shape was inferior to the conic shape while at lower tree densities the V shape was superior to the conic shape.
19 M.9 Conic Shape Tree M.9 V Shape Tree M.7 and M.26 Conic Tree M.7 and M.26 V Tree ,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 Tree Density (trees/ha) Increasing tree density had a strong negative influence on yield efficiency of M.9. The highest tree density had a similar yield efficiency as M.7.
20 Conclusions Tree density had a strong influence on tree size, yield per hectare and light interception. The very high tree densities achieved a high yield of 50 Mt/ha by the fourth year and had a cumulative yield 3X the lowest densities. Tree shape had no effect on tree size or yield.
21 Orchard System Performance in Northern NY Tree Yield/Acre (bu.) Variety System Den. 2nd 3rd 4th Cum McIntosh Central Leader Slender Pyramid Vertical Axis Tall Spindle Honeycrisp Central Leader Slender Pyramid Vertical Axis Tall Spindle
22 12500 Net Present Value ($/Acre) Feathered Trees + Steel Tube Tree Stake Feathered Tree + 4 Wire Trellis Inexpensive Feathered Trees + 4 Wire Trellis ,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 Trees Density (Trees/Acre) With traditional fruit prices, profitability over 20 years increases with increasing tree density up to a density of 1,000-1,100 trees/acre.
23 Can you afford to replant and what density should you choose? If you receive a farm gate fruit price of at least $5.50/bu., have land or can buy land for up to $5,000/acre, can purchase trees for a price of $5.32, and have access to capital at 5% then you can afford to replant. The greatest profitability will be with the Slender Axis system (4' in-row spacing=908 trees/acre) or the Tall Spindle system (3' in-row spacing=1320 trees/acre) A 4 wire trellis and feathered trees are essential components of the system.
24 The Tall Spindle and Slender Axis Systems 3-4' in-row spacing 10-12' between rows 10' tall no permanent branches highly feathered trees minimal pruning at planting feathers tied below horizontal at planting.
25 Tall Spindle
26 Rootstock Selection M.9 T337 on vigorous soils or with vigorous scions, Nic29 or Pajam 2 on replant soil or with weak scions) B.9 or O.3 are alternatives. G.41 or G.11 may be better.
27 Recommended Tree Type for the Tall Spindle and Slender Axis Systems Plant large caliper highly feathered trees (8-15 feathers). Feathers should be high enough (<24") to eliminate the need to tie up feathers.
28 Tree Spacing of the Tall Spindle In-row spacing of 3' for weak growing varieties (Honeycrisp, Delicious, Empire, Macoun, Gala). In-row spacing of 4' for vigorous varieties and tip bearing varieties. (McIntosh, Fuji, Cortland, Jonagold, Gingergold). Between row spacing should be 12-13' on slopes and 10-11' on level ground.
29 Pruning after Planting of Tall Spindle Large caliper highly feathered trees (8-15 feathers). Do not head the leader. Remove all feathers below 24". Remove feathers that are larger than 2/3 diameter of leader. Do not tip the feathers. Medium Caliper poorly feathered trees or whips. Head the leader at 60". Remove feathers larger than 2/3 diameter of leader. If there are less than 3 good feathers remove them using a bevel cut. Score above every other bud along leader from 24"-42" high.
30
31
32 Tree Training During the First Summer Pinch side shoots in upper 1/4 of leader when shoots are 4-5" long. Re-pinch side shoots in upper 1/4 of leader when regrowth is 4-5" long. Tie leader to support system. Tie down 4-5 lower branches below horizontal at planting or in July to induce flowering.
33
34 Pruning Year 2 Do not head leader. Do not head feathers Remove side branches that compete with leader using a bevel cut. Remove narrow angled branches. Remove scaffolds that are larger than 2/3 diameter of leader. Remove side branches that are longer than 2'. Remember "large branches create large trees"
35
36
37 Early Cropping "The best way of restricting vegetative growth is to produce apples." (Kurt Werth) Cropping must begin: In the second year with the Tall Spindle system. Cropping targets for the Tall Spindle Year fruits Year 2 20 fruits Year 3 40 fruits Year 4 70 fruits Year 5 90 fruits
38 Pruning Year 3-5 Allow crop to bend the top. Limit height of tree only after top has bent by cutting leader to a weak fruitful side branch. Remove branches larger than 3/4 inch diameter. Remember "large branches create large trees" Shorten older, pendant branches to a weak side branch or spur. With Gala begin stubbing back pruning.
39
40 Pruning Years 6-20 Limit height of tree by cutting to a fruitful side branch. Annually remove 2 branches per year ( limb renewal pruning). Focus on the middle tiers of branches first then on upper branches. Remove low hanging branches. Shorten pendant branches to point of bend. Do not overprune.
41
42 Young Tall Spindle Orchard
43 Older Tall Spindle Orchard
44 Conclusions 1) The tall spindle or Slender Axis systems appear to be the most profitable systems. 2) High tree density gives high early yield. 3) Highly feathered trees are the key to the systems. 4) Minimal pruning at planting (No heading the leader or tipping the feathers at planting) 5) Branch angle management. Bending feathers below horizontal at planting induces early cropping and limits branch size. 6) Branch caliper management. Ruthless removal of large branches keeps trees manageable. "Large branches create large trees" 7) "The best way of restricting vegetative growth is to produce apples."
Training systems. At planting (trunk establishment): The tree is headed back to cm above ground. The remained part is called trunk
Training systems The Vase Tree or Open Center The oldest, cheapest and simplest system. Used in the low and medium planting densities. Require little skill. The trees propagated on vigorous or semidwarf
The Tall- Spindle cri8cal steps to success. Jon Clements Extension Educator
The Tall- Spindle cri8cal steps to success Jon Clements Extension Educator First Terence Robinson, Cornell University The tall spindle system is the path to becoming fabulously wealthy The basics High
APPLES! Apple growing is a very challenging horticultural activity. Planting size MUST conform to the amount of time available. Where?
APPLES! Apple growing is a very challenging horticultural activity. Wesley R. Autio Director & Professor of Pomology Planting size MUST conform to the amount of time available. Too little care means no
4/16/17 APPLES! Wesley R. Autio Director & Professor of Pomology. Apple growing is a very challenging horticultural activity.
APPLES! Wesley R. Autio Director & Professor of Pomology Apple growing is a very challenging horticultural activity. 1 Planting size MUST conform to the amount of time available. Too little care means
Growing for Your Market
Article for the Australian Fruitgrower April 2011 John Wilton Deciduous Fruit Specialist, AgFirst Growing for Your Market Pruning lays the foundation for next year s crop. In this series, we have reviewed
Apple I. Tuesday afternoon 2:00 pm
Apple I Tuesday afternoon 2:00 pm Where: Ballroom D MI Recertification credits: 2 (1C, COMM CORE, PRIV CORE) OH Recertification credits: 0.5 (presentations as marked) CCA Credits: PM(0.5) CM(1.5) Moderator:
Tree Fruit Horticural Research at Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Tree Fruit Horticural Research at Hudson Valley Research Laboratory Gemma Reig Córdoba Postdoctoral Research Associated Terence Robinson s Projects HVRL s Projects Collaboration in other Projects Upcoming
30 YEARS OF INTENSIVE ORCHARD PRODUCTION IN SOUTH TYROL. Extension Service for Fruit and Wine Growing, South Tyrol. Martin Thomann
30 YEARS OF INTENSIVE ORCHARD PRODUCTION IN SOUTH TYROL Extension Service for Fruit and Wine Growing, South Tyrol Martin Thomann SOUTH TYROL Apple Production: 900,000 tons 16,300 ha 4,953 fruit growers
The primary reasons for pruning apple trees are to control
Pruning Strategy Affects Fruit Size, Yield and Biennial Bearing of Gala and Honeycrisp Apples Terence L. Robinson 1 Leo I. Dominguez 1 and Fernando Acosta 2 1 Department of Horticulture, New York State
New Cherry Training Systems Show Promise Lynn E. Long, Extension Horticulturist Oregon State University Extension Service/Wasco County
New Cherry Training Systems Show Promise Lynn E. Long, Extension Horticulturist Oregon State University Extension Service/Wasco County Although the majority of sweet cherry orchards in the United States
Inovace studijních programů AF a ZF MENDELU směřující k vytvoření mezioborové integrace CZ.1.07/2.2.00/
Inovace studijních programů AF a ZF MENDELU směřující k vytvoření mezioborové integrace CZ.1.07/2.2.00/28.0302 Tato prezentace je spolufinancovaná z Evropského sociálního fondu a státního rozpočtu České
Pruning Fruit Trees. Develop strong tree structure. This should begin when trees are planted and continue each year thereafter.
UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE Cooperative Extension Service Agriculture and Natural Resources Pruning Fruit Trees Dr. R. Keith Striegler Extension Horticulturist - Fruit Arkansas Is Our
Unit E: Fruit and Nut Production. Lesson 3: Growing Apples
Unit E: Fruit and Nut Production Lesson 3: Growing Apples 1 Terms central leader dwarf rootstocks espaliers open center pomology rootstock scion semi-dwarf rootstocks standard rootstocks 2 I. Apples have
CHERRY. training systems PNW 667. A Pacific Northwest Extension Publication. L. Long, G. Lang, S. Musacchi, M. Whiting
PNW 667 CHERRY training systems L. Long, G. Lang, S. Musacchi, M. Whiting A Pacific Northwest Extension Publication OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY n WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY n UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO in cooperation
:rj? {oq_. TRAINING th SPUR-BEARI DELICIO.US APPLE V ARI ETI ES. f W.4l V. C!_of. 3. cq30 7. Circular 871
cq30 7 :rj? {oq_ C!_of. 3 Circular 871 TRAINING th SPUR-BEARI DELICIO.US f W.4l V APPLE V ARI ETI ES UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE COMMERCIAL APPLE GROWERS
Training and Pruning Apple Trees Richard P. Marini, Extension Specialist, Horticulture, Virginia Tech
Training and Pruning Apple Trees Richard P. Marini, Extension Specialist, Horticulture, Virginia Tech Introduction Proper training and pruning of trees is a major component of a profitable apple orchard
Apple Rootstocks. John Cline, University of Guelph, Horticultural Experiment Station, Simcoe
Apple Rootstocks John Cline, University of Guelph, Horticultural Experiment Station, Simcoe What are the criteria for adopting new rootstocks? Improved Vigor control Disease resistance - fireblight Winter
The introduction of dwarfing cherry rootstocks, such as
Using Pruning to Improve the Fruit Size of, and Hedelfingen Sweet Cherry Grown on Gisela Rootstocks Terence L. Robinson 1, Geza Bujdoso 2 and Gabino Reginato 3 1 Dept. of Horticulture, Cornell University,
Mini Apple Orchard Systems Trial: A Comparison of Central-leader, Vertical-axis, and Tall-spindle Apple Orchard Systems on Three Different Rootstocks
Mini Apple Orchard Systems Trial: A Comparison of Central-leader, Vertical-axis, and Tall-spindle Apple Orchard Systems on Three Different Rootstocks Jon Clements Center for Agriculture, University of
A Sunny Disposition: Managing Light in Orchard Systems. Tom Kon Southeastern Apple Research Specialist
A Sunny Disposition: Managing Light in Orchard Systems Tom Kon Southeastern Apple Research Specialist Thank you for the warm welcome to the Southeast! Why is light important in apple production? As light
Pruning and Training Deciduous Fruit Trees for the Dooryard 1
HS82 Pruning and Training Deciduous Fruit Trees for the Dooryard 1 J. G. Williamson 2 Proper pruning and training of fruit trees is necessary to obtain maximum yields of high quality fruit throughout the
PRUNINGIAPPLE TREES. in eastern Canada CANADA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PUBLICATION C212 P c. 3
PRUNINGIAPPLE TREES in eastern Canada CANADA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PUBLICATION 1429 1971 630.4 C212 P 1429 1971 c. 3 PRUNING APPLE TREES IN EASTERN CANADA FRUIT CROPS UNIT, OTTAWA RESEARCH STATION,
Pruning and Training Fruit Trees
Pruning and Training Fruit Trees Pruning: Definition: removal parts of the tree from shoot or root system. Pruning determine tree size and function (how and when the tree will fruit) Conducted for the
Orchard Density and Canopy Design. Prepared by Ross Wilson AgFirst NZ
Orchard Density and Canopy Design Prepared by Ross Wilson AgFirst NZ Fundamentals of an apple canopy We need a rootstock and density that gives a low vigour, calm tree at maturity with good precocity and
2/18/2009. Do you have: Time Space Expertise Realistic expectations. Teryl R. Roper Dept. of Horticulture University of Wisconsin-Madison
Tree Fruit Production Teryl R. Roper Dept. of Horticulture University of Wisconsin-Madison General Considerations Do you have: Time Space Expertise Realistic expectations 1 2 Site considerations Appropriate
Apple Rootstock Trials in British Columbia, Canada
Apple Rootstock Trials in British Columbia, Canada Cheryl Hampson Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, PO Box 5000, Summerland, B.C. V0H 1Z0 The AAFC research centre at
Developing and Optimizing Sweet Cherry Training Systems for Efficiency and High Quality Fruit Part 1. Gregory Lang Michigan State University
Developing and Optimizing Sweet Cherry Training Systems for Efficiency and High Quality Fruit Part 1 Gregory Lang Michigan State University Cherry Training Systems Continuously evolving strategies to grow
Increasing the growth rate by any means decreases the juvenile period
FRUITING Growth stages Juvenile phase: The non-flowering period after seed germination. Morphological differences Leaf shape and thickness Ability to form adventitious roots Seedling can not be induced
Pruning and training fruit trees
Pruning and training fruit trees Pruning and training fruit trees helps produce good annual yields of quality fruit. This practice develops a strong framework that increases the tree s life and reduces
Enhancing Return Bloom in Apple
Enhancing Return Bloom in Apple John A. Cline University of Guelph Topics of Discussion Flowering Biennial Bearing Strategies to promote flowering 2 Enhancing return bloom = regulating the flowering process
Using Heading vs. Notching With or Without BA Application to Induce Branching in Non-feathered, First-leaf Apple Trees
Using Heading vs. Notching With or Without BA Application to Induce Branching in Non-feathered, First-leaf Apple Trees Jon M. Clements and Wesley R. Autio Department of Plant, Soil, & Insect Sciences,
High density planting systems: principles and pitfalls John Palmer HortResearch, Nelson Research Centre, Motueka, NZ
High density planting systems: principles and pitfalls John Palmer HortResearch, Nelson Research Centre, Motueka, NZ The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd Reasons for adoption
Training and Pruning Almond Trees
Training and Pruning Almond Trees Joe Connell UCCE Farm Advisor Emeritus Butte County University of California Cooperative Extension Agriculture & Natural Resources Almond bearing habit Almond shoots and
PRINCIPLES OF PRUNING AND TRAINING G. A. Cahoon and R. G. Hill, Jr Department of Horticulture Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center
PRINCIPLES OF PRUNING AND TRAINING G. A. Cahoon and R. G. Hill, Jr Department of Horticulture Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Training Young Vines First Year Regardless of the training
Using Maryblyt to Manage Fire Blight in NY
Using Maryblyt to Manage Fire Blight in NY Deborah I. Breth Cornell CooperativeExtension Lake Ontario Fruit Program Tree Fruit Industry in NY 42,360 acres of apples, 697 farms, 9.5 M trees, to produce
Fig. 1 In the spring when new terminal growth is 1-2 inches, identify the new leader and strip all new shoots 4-6 inches immediately below the termina
N.C. Apple fififi Praduction IHa_llllahl Cultural Practices Training and Pruning Apple Trees Tree training and pruning are the two most basic horticultural orchard management practices. Training can be
Training and Pruning Florida Peaches, Nectarines, and Plums1
HS1111 Training and Pruning Florida Peaches, Nectarines, and Plums1 Ali Sarkhosh and James Ferguson2 Fruit from Florida s early maturing peach, nectarine, and Japanese plum cultivars mature in April and
ANNUAL REPORT TO NC DWARF APPLE ROOTSTOCK TRIAL SUMMARY FOR THE 2010 SEASON
ANNUAL REPORT TO NC 140 2003 DWARF APPLE ROOTSTOCK TRIAL SUMMARY FOR THE 2010 SEASON November 2011 Richard Marini The 2003 Dwarf rootstock trial was established in the spring of 2003 with 15 cooperators.
Innovative Rootstocks for Apple crop. Nicola Dallabetta FEM (Italy) Australia November 2017
Innovative Rootstocks for Apple crop Nicola Dallabetta nicola.dallabetta@fmach.it FEM (Italy) Australia 20-24 November 2017 Fruit production in Trentino 6206 km 2 ; ASU 141129,5 ha; 80% Mountains, Apple:
Apple Orchard Management
Apple Orchard Management Joseph Grant University of California Cooperative Extension jagrant@ucdavis.edu Iraq Agricultural Extension Revitalization Project Training Conference 15-25 May 2010 Erbil, Iraq
Training and Pruning Florida Peaches, Nectarines, and Plums 1
HS1111 Training and Pruning Florida Peaches, Nectarines, and Plums 1 J. Ferguson 2 Fruit from Florida's early maturing peach, nectarine Prunus persica (L.) Batsch), and Japanese plum cultivars (Prunus
Evaluation and Demonstration of New Stone Fruit Systems
Evaluation and Demonstration of New Stone Fruit Systems Goals of an Ideal System: Valuable Crop Variety Size and Quality Early yield & ROI Sustained High Marketable Yields Light interception Light distribution
Introduction. Objectives of training and pruning
7 Training Training and pruning Introduction Citrus trees are a perennial crop. As long as they remain healthy, they can flower and fruit for years on end, sometimes for as long as twenty or thirty years.
Training and Pruning Florida Peaches, Nectarines, and Plums 1
HS1111 Training and Pruning Florida Peaches, Nectarines, and Plums 1 J. Ferguson 2 Fruit from Florida s early maturing peach, nectarine Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, and Japanese plum cultivars (Prunus salicina
Training and Pruning Florida Peaches, Nectarines, and Plums 1
HS1111 Training and Pruning Florida Peaches, Nectarines, and Plums 1 J. Ferguson 2 Fruit from Florida's early maturing peach, nectarine Prunus persica (L.) Batsch), and Japanese plum cultivars (Prunus
High-density training systems
High-density training systems G. Charlot, Ctifl - S. Pinczon du Sel, La Tapy Cherry COST Action FA 1104 Training school «Rootstocks and training systems» Which system to choose? Technical and financial
PRUNING DECIDUOUS FRUIT TREES by Tom Del Hotal
PRUNING DECIDUOUS FRUIT TREES by Tom Del Hotal REASONS TO PRUNE Structural Strength: Pruning for structural strength is especially important on fruit trees. Heavy crops of fruit can easily break branches,
IMPROVE TREE PERFORMANCE USING PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS. Greene, D.
IMPROVE TREE PERFORMANCE USING PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS Greene, D. dgreene@pssci.umass.edu University of Massachusetts, Stockbridge School of Agriculture, Amherst, MA KEYWORDS Growth control, Plant growth
FUTURE ORCHARDS Crop Loading. Prepared by: John Wilton and Ross Wilson AGFIRST Nov 2007
FUTURE ORCHARDS 2012 Crop Loading Prepared by: John Wilton and Ross Wilson AGFIRST Nov 2007 Crop load has a major impact on crop out turn and profitability and is one of the few production factors under
* T*TE LIB* o 733 1AR ,.. H11 / ij / T_r. Pruning. the. - Home Orchard -:: /// it! )J.0 !'/
I I J * T*TE LIB* it! )J.0 o 733,.. A H11 / 1AR 171961 ij / T_r / Pruning the -:: - / - Home Orchard I E \ \ /// I /!'/ 4j.i 0 q Contents Reasons for Pruning Fruit and Nut Trees ------------------------------------------
Principles Involved in Tree Management of Higher Density Avocado Orchards
South African Avocado Growers Association Yearbook 1995. 18:47-50 Principles Involved in Tree Management of Higher Density Avocado Orchards P.J.C. Stassen, S.J. Davie and B. Snijder Institute for Tropical
PGRs in Tree Manipulation. Duane W. Greene University of Massachusetts
PGRs in Tree Manipulation Duane W. Greene University of Massachusetts Good Horticulture Comes First PGRs are an indispensable tool to achieving the highest performance in a block While the use of PGRs
Training & Pruning Fruit Trees AG-29
Training & Pruning Fruit Trees AG-29 Growers often neglect the annual training and pruning of fruit trees. Without training and pruning, however, fruit trees will not develop proper shape and form. Properly
SOME EXPERIENCES OF THE OBLACHINSKA SOUR CHERRY CROWN TRAINING
SOME EXPERIENCES OF THE OBLACHINSKA SOUR CHERRY CROWN TRAINING Prof.d-r Marjan Kiprijanovski SS. CYRIL AND METHODIUS UNIVERSITY IN SKOPJE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND FOOD REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Best Pruning Practices Fruit Trees and Grapes. David Rice Conservation Programs Coordinator Weber Basin Water Conservancy District
Best Pruning Practices Fruit Trees and Grapes David Rice Conservation Programs Coordinator Weber Basin Water Conservancy District Helpful Resources https://extension.usu.edu/yardandgarden/index https://extension.usu.edu/yardandgarden/monthly-tips
Training and Pruning Newly Planted Deciduous Fruit Trees
az1668 June 2015 Training and Pruning Newly Planted Deciduous Fruit Trees Tom DeGomez Introduction Training and pruning newly-planted deciduous fruit trees is one of the most important steps in developing
Light Management in Pecan Orchard in Semi-Arid Regions. Jim Walworth, University of Arizona & Richard Heerema, New Mexico State University
Light Management in Pecan Orchard in Semi-Arid Regions Jim Walworth, University of Arizona & Richard Heerema, New Mexico State University Optimize Orchard Light Environment Crowded Orchards Cause Major
High density planting
High density planting The Small Trees High Productivity Initiative Helen Hofman, Snr Horticulturist, DAF Queensland What are we doing? What have we learnt? Any application to citrus? - What are we are
MSU Extension Publication Archive. Scroll down to view the publication.
MSU Extension Publication Archive Archive copy of publication, do not use for current recommendations. Up-to-date information about many topics can be obtained from your local Extension office. Pruning
Training and Pruning Apple Trees
Training and Pruning Apple Trees Cornell Cooperation Extension Publication / Info Bulletin #112 C. G. Forshey is a professor in the Department of Horticultural Sciences, New York State Agricultural Experiment
Intensive Orchard Systems for High Quality, High Efficiency Sweet Cherry Production
Intensive Orchard Systems for High Quality, High Efficiency Sweet Cherry Production www.thewaywardecologist.com Gregory Lang Michigan State University Production remains profitable due to high quality,
Horticulture Information Leaflet 8301
Department of Horticultural Science Horticulture Information Leaflet 8301 2/95 -- Author Reviewed 5/97 GROWING APPLE TREES IN THE HOME GARDEN Tania Dautlick, Research Assistant Michael L. Parker, Extension
Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following objectives:
Unit C: Maintaining the Fruit and Nut Tree Lesson 3: Pruning and Thinning Fruit and Nut Trees Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following objectives:
Precision Chemical Thinning in 2017 for Gala and Honeycrisp Poliana Francescatto, Craig Kahlke, Mario Miranda Sazo, Terence Robinson
Precision Chemical Thinning in 2017 for Gala and Honeycrisp Poliana Francescatto, Craig Kahlke, Mario Miranda Sazo, Terence Robinson As a new season is approaching it is time to set up your precision thinning
Pruning Ornamental and Fruit Trees
Pruning Ornamental and Fruit Trees Gardeners Gathering Mar. 3, 2012 Chuck Ingels UC Cooperative Extension, Sacramento County http://cesacramento.ucdavis.edu Many ornamental tree slides courtesy of Larry
Training Young Pecan Trees
Training Young Pecan Trees Guide H-605 Revised by Richard Heerema 1 Cooperative Extension Service College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences THE IMPORTANCE OF TREE TRAINING The first
Optimizing Cherry Production: Physiology-Based Management. Gregory Lang Michigan State University
Optimizing Cherry Production: Physiology-Based Management Gregory Lang Michigan State University 2011 Sweet Cherry Acreage #1: WA 34,000 acres #3: OR 12,500 acres Sweet Cherry Acreage 1 #4: MI 6,500 acres
Planting and Training Peach and Nectarine Trees Southwest Michigan Research and Extension Center Michigan State University draft February 25, 2015
Planting and Training Peach and Nectarine Trees Southwest Michigan Research and Extension Center Michigan State University draft February 25, 2015 Adapted in part from Peach Culture in Michigan by Stanley
Apple Research Supported. Growers University of Guelph, Simcoe & Vineland Campuses.
Apple Research Supported by the Ontario Apple Growers - 2007 Jo ohn Cline, Associate Professor University of Guelph, Simcoe & Vineland Campuses Te el: 519-426-7127 Ext 331 Jcline@uoguelph.ca 1 Research
EXTENSION FOLDER F-122. of the DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE EAST LANSING
~ - b-~r ~ EXTENSION FOLDER F-122 PRUNING By STAFF MEMBERS of the DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE EAST LANSING Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture
ACHIEVEMENTS IN HIGH DENSITY CHERRY ORCHARD SYSTEMS IN HUNGARY
Bulletin UASVM, Horticulture 65(1)/2008 pissn 1843-5254; eissn 1843-5394 ACHIEVEMENTS IN HIGH DENSITY CHERRY ORCHARD SYSTEMS IN HUNGARY HROTKO Karoly, Lajos MAGYAR, Marta GYEVIKI Corvinus University of
Small-Scale Cherry Production, Big Time Market Opportunities
Small-Scale Cherry Production, Big Time Market Opportunities Gregory Lang Michigan State University www.thewaywardecologist.com Funding includes support from the USDA s National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Getting fruit trees off to a good start. Bill Shane Tree Fruit Extension Specialist SW Michigan Research and Extension Center, Benton Harbor, MI
Getting fruit trees off to a good start Bill Shane Tree Fruit Extension Specialist SW Michigan Research and Extension Center, Benton Harbor, MI Getting fruit trees off to a good start Resources (Handout)
Geneva Rootstocks for Weak Growing Scion Cultivars Like Honeycrisp. This project was partially funded by the NY Apple Research and Development Program
1 Geneva Rootstocks for Weak Growing Scion Cultivars Like Honeycrisp Terence Robinson 1, Gennaro Fazio 2 Steve Hoying 3, Mario Miranda Sazo 4 and Kevin Iungerman 5 1 Dept. of Horticulture, NYSAES, Cornell
FINAL PROJECT REPORT Project title Organization Contact Administrator CO-PI Cooperators Introduction Objectives
FINAL PROJECT REPORT Project title: Replant disease tolerance of Geneva rootstocks. PI: Dr. Gennaro Fazio Organization: USDA-ARS / Cornell University 3 North Street Geneva NY, 15 Contact Administrator:
Simple Pruning Rules & Post Frost Root Pruning Demonstration
Outline & Final Report 2013-14 Simple Pruning Rules & Post Frost Root Pruning Demonstration Batlow Fruit Co-op Ltd, Jilba Orchard, Batlow Report prepared by Kevin Dodds Development Officer Temperate Fruits
CITRUS PRUNING. Pruning techniques for tree health, pest control, fruit production and size control.
CITRUS PRUNING Pruning techniques for tree health, pest control, fruit production and size control. Citrus trees generally need to be pruned every two to five years. Primary reasons for pruning citrus
Unit D: Fruit and Vegetable Crop Production. Lesson 4: Growing and Maintaining Tree Fruits
Unit D: Fruit and Vegetable Crop Production Lesson 4: Growing and Maintaining Tree Fruits 1 Terms Bud scars Budding Double dwarf trees Dwarf trees Fruit thinning Fruiting habit Grafting Heading back (tipping)
Pruning Fruit Trees. Vince Urbina Colorado State Forest Service
Pruning Fruit Trees Vince Urbina Colorado State Forest Service Fruit Production Success is dependent upon cumulative effects of: Cultivar/Variety and rootstock Water and Soil management Pest management
Terms. pruning - removal of parts of the top or root systems of plants fruit spur - stubby, fruit bearing twig
Pruning Terms pruning - removal of parts of the top or root systems of plants fruit spur - stubby, fruit bearing twig Terms translocation - movement of water and soluble minerals from one part of the plant
March 1994 HG 363 CONTENTS
Pruning the Orchard Ronald H. Walser, Wilford A. Wright, Alvin R. Hamson, Extension Horticulturists, Utah State University Revised March 1994 by Dan Drost, Extension Vegetable Specialist, and Tony Hatch,
PEACH TREE PRUNING. Texas Agricultural Extension Service. -...,..-- Pe<;fJ& H~btt/ Pe<;fJ&
8-1550 Texas Agricultural Extension Service -...,..-- Pe
Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station
ANNUAL REPORT TO NC-140 Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station November 2003 -- Kentville, Nova Scotia Wesley Autio (leader), Jon Clements, James Krupa, Duane Greene, & Daniel Cooley PROGRESS &
Training Young Walnut Trees
Training Young Walnut Trees - exploring new ideas - Janet Caprile Farm Advisor, Contra Costa Co. (925) 646-6129 jlcaprile@ucanr.edu David Doll Farm Advisor, Merced Co (209)385-7403 dadoll@ucanr.edu Training
Canopy Management Strategies
Canopy Management Strategies Gary S. Bender Farm Advisor Subtropical Horticulture San Diego County The Modern Avocado Grove Trees maintained low with pruning Pollinizers planted so each Hass sees a pollinizer
COMPETITION AMONG VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE CYCLES AND ROLE OF PRUNING. Musacchi, S.
COMPETITION AMONG VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE CYCLES AND ROLE OF PRUNING Musacchi, S. stefano.musacchi@wsu.edu Washington State University, TFREC, Wenatchee, WA KEYWORDS pruning, dry matter (DM), competition,
What and Where to Prune
Pruning Chestnut Trees There are many reasons to prune trees. The most important reason is to keep the tree healthy. Removing broken or damaged branches, diseased sections, and keeping a balanced tree
Growing Fruit: Grafting Fruit Trees in the Home Orchard
Bringing information and education into the communities of the Granite State Growing Fruit: Grafting Fruit Trees in the Home Orchard Grafting as a means of propagating fruit trees dates back several thousand
Intensive plum orchard with summer training and pruning
Adv. Hort. Sci., 2011 25(3): 193-198 Intensive plum orchard with summer training and pruning A. Mika, Z. Buler Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland. Key words: canopy
TRAINING AND PRUNING FRUIT PLANTS. Elizabeth Wahle (with contributions from Sonja Lallemand) February 2015 GROWING A NEW GENERATION
GROWING A NEW GENERATION OF ILLINOIS FRUIT AND VEGETABLE FARMERS TRAINING AND PRUNING FRUIT PLANTS Elizabeth Wahle (with contributions from Sonja Lallemand) February 2015 Today s Objectives Understand
Pruning and Training. Lynn E. Long Oregon State University Extension
Pruning and Training Sweet Cherries Lynn E. Long Oregon State University Extension The Dalles Production Trends Largest production area ~ 10,000000 A 200 A 1500 A Oregon Production Trends Oregon 80% of
Growing Season Vigour Management
Growing Season Vigour Management By John Wilton, AgFirst Cropping is the best vigour control agent available for orchard crops. Once a full canopy has been achieved, annual shoot growth should be in the
When to Prune? Late Winter-Early Spring
When to Prune? Late Winter-Early Spring This is the best time to prune most plants because it is before growth begins. Prune a few of the oldest canes from all mature shrubs down to the ground. Trim deciduous
Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station
ANNUAL REPORT TO NC-140 Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station November 2000 R Wesley R. Autio (leader), Jon Clements, Duane W. Greene, and Daniel R. Cooley PROGRESS AND PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS
PRUNING OF MUSCADINES. Dr. Patrick Conner University of Georgia Tifton Campus
PRUNING OF MUSCADINES Dr. Patrick Conner University of Georgia Tifton Campus Why prune? 1. To produce productive shoots. Flowers are borne on the 2-3 nodes towards the base of the new growing shoots. Shoots
3. M9 NIC29 A virus-free Belgian subclone of M9 that is slightly more vigorous than most others M9 clones.
New Dwarfing Apple Rootstocks for Improving Efficiencies in Ontario Apple Orchards J.W. Zandstra G.J. Watt CORD IV Project # 047560 Final Report 15 November, 2007 Prepared for: Ontario Apple Growers PO
ADVANCED TECHNIQUES FOR SMALL ORCHARDS. University of California 2011 Master Gardener Conference. Herb Machleder
ADVANCED TECHNIQUES FOR SMALL ORCHARDS University of California 2011 Master Gardener Conference. Herb Machleder hmachled@ucla.edu Importance of tree structure for a healthy and productive orchard: 1. Why
ESPALIERING FRUIT TREES DVGC Club Meeting April 2014
ESPALIERING FRUIT TREES DVGC Club Meeting April 2014 10+ yrs First read about it 25 yrs ago The hardest thing about it? Espalier Espalier why? 1) Space Saving Our small 5m x 3 ½m rect. orchard 4 espaliered
!chard. principles. Basic. 7/9' ning and pruning your ho. Why prune fruit and nut trees? Why train fruit trees? Don't use wound dressings!
lip )K A0001J303605l41 visedju1y 1990 HEU/E:.:: - 7/9' ning and pruning your ho $1.00!chard Is SEP?TATE Basic principles "rr Why train fruit trees? Training develops a strong tree structure that can support
Pruning Fruit Trees. EC1233 Index: Lawn & Garden, Lawn & Garden
EC1233 Index: Lawn & Garden, Lawn & Garden Pruning Fruit Trees David E. Lott, Extension Educator, Horticulture Connie Fisk, Extension Associate, Cornell University Vaughn E. Hammond, Orchardist, Kimmel