Pruning Fruit Trees. Vince Urbina Colorado State Forest Service
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1 Pruning Fruit Trees Vince Urbina Colorado State Forest Service
2 Fruit Production Success is dependent upon cumulative effects of: Cultivar/Variety and rootstock Water and Soil management Pest management Pruning and training Site characteristics soil ph level Weather
3 Fruit Tree Pruning Objectives Growing Fruit not Leaves Structure objective Young Trees develop branching habit to support crop and facilitate harvest Older Trees maintain branching habit and height Pruning should be done as close to bud break as possible Reduces winter injury Reduces likelihood of the buds below the pruning point drying out during the winter Pruning is an annual process
4 Fruit Tree Pruning Objectives The 3D s: Remove all diseased, dead, or damaged branches Remove stubs, suckers, and water sprouts Prune to outside buds and branches Maximize sunlight to branches Thin the current fruit crop as needed No fruit should touch Establish harvest height Maximize fruit production area Create future branching
5 Water Sprouts A result of an over-pruned tree
6 Stubs invite insects and diseases into the tree Remove Stubs Anytime!
7 Remove Suckers Anytime! Remove suckers from their point of origin on the root don t stub!
8 Crown Cleaning Selective removal of dead, diseased, broken, or weakly attached branches from a tree crown Regular pruning will correct small problems before they become large problems Image source :Ed Gillman
9 Tree Structure Type of fruit tree determines pruning objectives and management Drupe (aka stone fruit) Almonds and Peaches grow on 1 year old wood Apricots and Cherries grow on long-lived fruit spurs Plums grow on both 1 yr old wood and fruit spurs Pome Apples and Pears mostly grow on long-lived fruit spurs Some apples and pears grow on the tips of branches Need to know your variety s characteristics
10 Tree Structure Light + Water = Fruit Pruning and Training Optimize sunlight for flower bud initiation and fruit color development Overall tree structure must be developed to support the crop load Unpruned trees tend to produce weak, short growth and small fruit Pruning height keep the tree at a height that facilitates spraying, picking and future pruning
11 Types of Fruit Tree Pruning Heading back is the removal of the terminal portion of a shoot or branch (usually on one year wood) Results in dense, clustered growth at the cut end. Thinning out removes shoots or branches at their base. In general, this is the preferred method of pruning. Creates stronger branch attachments. Image source: Virginia Cooperative Extension
12 Pruning Tools Image source: pruningsaws.info
13 Apple Open center Gala apple Goal is to maximize sunlight to all parts of the tree Tree is annually pruned to maintain paths for sunlight to the fruit and facilitate spraying Fruit spacing: 6 8 inches apart
14 Apple Fruit spur Typically remove 70 to 75 percent of the branches every year
15 Gala Apple; open center on dwarfing root stock
16 Gala Apple
17
18
19 Crabapple - Pollinator
20 Apple Central leader apple open to accommodate sunlight
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22
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24
25 Grafting
26 Apricot Fruit spur Fruit blossoms fill the tree so prune heavily to thin fruit
27 Apricot Open center Wait until last frost of season to prune End of March
28 Apricot Apricot pruned poorly with lots of stubs
29 Plum
30 Peach Open center peach tree annually pruned to initiate 1 year old wood. Typically remove 70% of the branches followed by thinning of 90% of the young fruit with 6-8 in. spacing
31 Peach
32
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36 Finished Job
37
38 Peach Decadent backyard peach with very little 1 year wood. Over pruned to encourage new shoots and accommodate the ladder.
39 Peach Image source: Norm Wingard Cytospora fungus canker on peach. Cytospora will eventually kill the entire tree.
40 Sweet Cherry Old spur Old spurs are less vigorous - prune to encourage younger ones
41 Sweet Cherry Cherries produced on spurs from at least 2 year old wood
42 Sweet Cherry Open Center
43 Favorite Websites Dr. Ed Gillman OSU Landscape Plants Tree Browser from Utah State University Extension Forestry Colorado State Extention Colorado Tree Coalition
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