FRUIT TREE PRUNING. Gary Gorremans. WSU Lewis County Master Gardener
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1 FRUIT TREE PRUNING Gary Gorremans WSU Lewis County Master Gardener
2 FRUIT TREE PRUNING APICAL DOMINANCE Phenomenon of main stem dominance over side stems Controlled by apical bud Auxin hormones
3 FRUIT TREE PRUNING AUXIN Five classes of plant hormones Indole 3 - acetic acid (IAA) Phototrophism Ripening Synthetics Apical dominance
4 Apical dominance of vertical tip buds Shoots at flatter angles are less apically dominant at tip How a Tree Grows Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
5 Vertical Tip bud generates hormone Shoot growth reduced progressively from tip to base Zone of spur development Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
6 Limb Angle Regulates Growth Vertically positioned shoots strong vegetative growth but produce fewer fruit buds Horizontally positioned shoots weaker growth at the tip but produce more fruit buds Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
7 Fruit buds (spurs) develop on branches in a more horizontal position. New 1-year shoots End shoot is strongest Fruit spurs on 2-3 year branch Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
8 FRUIT TREE PRUNING WHEN Dormant Summer
9 FRUIT TREE PRUNING Dormant Energy storage Light pruning Growth Late winter 4 D s
10 FRUIT TREE PRUNING 4Ds Dead Diseased Dysfunctional Sucker (1) Water sprout (3) Interfering branch (4) Crossing or vertical (upward or downward) Double leader (5) Damaged: Broken branch (2)
11 FRUIT TREE PRUNING Summer Asian pears Cherries
12 FRUIT TREE PRUNING Asian pears Pic Bacterial canker Early blossoming Resistant varieties
13 FRUIT TREE PRUNING Cherries Bacterial canker Requires wound Resistant varieties Late Spring prune
14 FRUIT TREE PRUNING Summer Eliminate energy or food production portion of trees Thinning cuts more appropriate Before August Shape
15 FRUIT TREE PRUNING HOW Equipment Cuts Objective Techniques
16 FRUIT TREE PRUNING Equipment Hand pruners (bypass) Long handle loppers Hand saws Sterilizing Cuts Heading Thinning Objective Central leader Open center (vase) Modified central leader Techniques Flush cuts no stubs Do not cut collar Angle large cuts No dressings
17 FRUIT TREE PRUNING 1st cut (notch) 2nd cut 3rd cut
18 Why Prune? Prune to open light channels Prune to improve air circulation Prune to keep the tree in balance Provides access to fruit Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
19 FRUIT TREE PRUNING TRAINING SYSTEMS Central leader Modified central leader Open center (vase)
20 FRUIT TREE PRUNING PRUNING FOR CENTRAL LEADER Apples, pears, cherries Head central leader (whip) at Thin to 3-5 scaffold limbs Scaffold limbs: head back to 2-3 buds
21 FRUIT TREE PRUNING
22 FRUIT TREE PRUNING SUMMER PRUNING FOR CENTRAL LEADER Select leader Clean below to 3-4 New scaffold - train Before After
23 Fruit Tree Pruning Modified Central Leader Appropriate for apples and pears
24 FRUIT TREE PRUNING OPEN CENTER Appropriate for stone fruits No central leader 3-5 major scaffold limbs Vase shaped pic
25 FRUIT TREE PRUNING Cut off Bud #2 Bud #3 Nick Fruit tree whip Bud #1
26 Two types of pruning cuts Thinning cutting out a whole branch or shoot back to its origin Heading cutting off part of a branch or shoot Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
27 Thinning cuts take out entire branches or shoots
28 Heading cuts take off part of a branch or shoot
29 Thinning Cuts Open light channels Increase fruit production and quality Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
30 Heading Cuts Tend to close off light channels Decrease fruit production Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
31 Thinning vs. Heading: Results Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
32 Why head at all? To stiffen or shorten a a branch To increase branching Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
33 Pruning principles are the same for both dwarf trees and standard size trees
34 Establish your scaffold limbs at their permanent height above ground
35 The scaffold limbs become the main permanent structure of the mature tree. Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
36 Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC No more than 4-5 main branches form the lower scaffold.
37 Weaker branches can be tied up at a more vertical angle to increase vigor. Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
38 Large diameter branches should be in the bottom of the tree and kept open to light
39 Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC Pruning
40 Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC Pruning
41 Small weaker branches should be in the top of the tree to let in light throughout the tree
42 Before Pruning Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
43 After Pruning showing spacing between scaffold tiers Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
44 Keep upper branch diameter smaller to prevent shading in the lower limbs Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
45 Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC Open Center Pruning for Most Stone Fruit
46 Remove shoots that grow into the center of the tree. Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
47 Thin out shoots that are crowded together. Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
48 < Before pruning Pruning completed Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
49 Limb positioning is very important for branch vigor and fruit management
50 Young apple tree before spreading Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
51 Limb spreading to 45 o angle using tiedowns Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
52 Spread a vigorous young tree like this before you prune Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
53 Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC Inserting spreaders encourages earlier fruit production. Spreaders can usually be removed 4-6 weeks after growth starts.
54 Young cherry tree tied down with ground anchors. Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
55 Same tree 4 years later. Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
56 Old neglected tree full of old water shoots Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
57 Compare the tree on right, after corrective pruning, to the unpruned tree at left. Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
58 Summary Start young trees out with a strong framework of scaffold limbs Maintain good exposure to light throughout the whole tree Don t let the top outgrow and shade the lower limbs Make most of your cuts thinning cuts When in doubt, thin it out! Gary A. Moulton & Jacqueline King WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
59
60 FRUIT TREES Presented by the Lewis County Master Gardener program. WSU Extension programs and employment are available to all without discrimination. Evidence of noncompliance should be reported to your local WSU Extension office.
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