FRUIT TREES Selection and Site Preparation. Gary Gorremans WSU Lewis County Master Gardener
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1 FRUIT TREES Selection and Site Preparation Gary Gorremans WSU Lewis County Master Gardener
2 WESTERN WASHINGTON Coastal maritime climate Mild, wet winters Wet springs Micro-climates
3 Water Availability Supplemental watering may be required from June through September.
4 SITE SELECTION / PREPARATION Applicable to all fruit trees Location Soil characteristics Soil testing Avoid low spots (colder) Water availability (July September) Remove competitive vegetation Create hills or raised beds.
5 TREE SELECTION CRITERIA Applies to all types Disease resistant Rootstock Pollenization / Ripening
6 TREE PURCHASE Reputable source Know variety of rootstocks Bare root (Nov April) Plant before March 15 Avoid dehydration
7 TREE PURCHASE Tree packaging: Bare root in a package Bare root in sawdust bed Potted Ball & burlap 3 way / 4 way grafted trees Size
8 PLANTING Old adage: $5 hole for a $1 tree. Prune branches Ascertain graft 2-4 above ground Plant high enough to allow for soil settling If clay soil, break up sides of hole with garden fork to promote root growth and avoid root girdling Shovel creates smooth edges creating a bowl effect and restricting root growth Garden fork creates rough surface allowing roots to penetrate
9 PLANTING Do not mix fertilizer with soil Determine prevailing winds Trim roots. Spread out roots over soil cone. Create trough to hold water Backfill with native soil amended with good compost Stake on windward side
10 CARE OF NEW PLANT Remove new blossoms Keep roots moist
11 ROOT STOCK Tree divided in two Fruiting top Rooting bottom Seeds do not reliably grow true to parent Early 1900s, UK research developed dwarfing Developed for disease resistance, early fruiting, soil conditions, root anthracnose, tree vigor and tree size. Each fruit has own rootstock Can save old homestead cultivars by grafting
12 APPLES SCAB RESISTANT Scab is a problem in Western Washington Many resistant varieties: Yellow transparent Spartan Williams Pride Pristine Prima Cider apples: no scab resistant varieties known Liberty Chehalis Belmac Akane Hudson Williams Pride
13 APPLES SCAB SUSCEPTIBLE Varieties Delicious Jonagold Gala Gravenstein Melrose Many others Requires spray program Available on dwarfing rootstock Jonagold Gravenstein
14 APPLE ROOTSTOCK Availability limited to nurseries Semi-dwarf generic term. Ex: Gravenstein 8 18 Varieties most common for home orchards: M 27: very dwarf, 6-9, containers EMLA 26: requires staking, 10-14, not wet Bud 9: espalier, requires support, 8-10 EMLA 7: sturdy, heavy soils, MM 111: Resistant, well anchored, best for heavy, poor draining soils, resistant to collar rot, 14-22
15 PEARS - EUROPEAN Winter Pears Store 3-4 months Types: Seckel Concorde Comice Conference Bosc Bosc
16 PEARS - EUROPEAN Fall pears: store for 4-6 weeks. Fireblight not a problem in Western Washington Types Red Clapp Orcas Rescue Bartlett (susceptible to scab) Highland Orcas Bartlett
17 PRUNING Modified central leader Prune branches prior to planting Create scaffold framework (3-4 branches) Good light exposure Create 45 degree angles using spreaders Two types of cuts: thinning and heading Thin out complete branches not needed for scaffolding Head back scaffold limbs
18 PEAR ROOTSTOCK OHxF 333 No suckers Resistant to Fireblight 50 to 70% of normal height Used with European and Asian pears Comice
19 ASIAN PEARS Susceptible to bacterial canker Early blossoming can result in frost damage and bacterial infection Resistant varieties: Shinseiki Chojuro Ichi-ban Hamese Atago Misharasu Kosui Chojuro
20 CHERRIES - SWEET Two varieties Self-fertile Need pollinizer Subject to rain cracking Later ripening varieties less subject to cracking Bacterial canker problem
21 CHERRIES - SWEET Varieties resistant to bacterial canker Kristin Early burlat Stella (sf) Vandalay (sf) Sam (sf) Black Tartarian Stella cherries
22 CHERRY ROOTSTOCK Krymsk 5 (15 ) Giesla 5 (10-12 ) Disease Resistant Virus tolerant Both under patents Mazzard
23 PLUMS Types Characteristics Pollination Disease
24 PLUMS - EUROPEAN Varieties Freestone Italian Types Imperial Epineuse Seneca Stanley Yellow Egg Yellow Egg Imperial Epineuse
25 PLUMS - JAPANESE Cling Stone Methley Beauty Shiro Hollywood (mv) (mv) (mv) (mv) Methley
26 PLUM ROOTSTOCK Mariana 2624 St. Juliena Lovell
27 PEACHES Problematic for Western Washington Varieties Avalon HW 272 Frost Rootstock - Lovell Avalon Pride
28 PRUNING Vase or open form Peach, plum Remove central leader
29 CONCLUSION Major fruit trees Recommended cultivars
30 Resources Soil testing labs handout List of at least three reputable fruit tree sellers with contact information Link to EB0937 Fruit Handbook for Western Washington Link to PNW400 Training and Pruning Your Home Orchard
31 351 NW North Street Chehalis, WA (360) WSU Extension programs and employment are available to all without discrimination. Evidence of noncompliance may be reported through your local Extension office.
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