Fruit Tree Production and Care. Mike Pace USU Extension Office Box Elder County
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1 Fruit Tree Production and Care Mike Pace USU Extension Office Box Elder County
2 Todays Outline What fruit can be grown where Pollination and bloom time Chill units Rootstocks Varieties and Planting Irrigation and Fertilizer Training and Pruning Thinning, Frost Control, Insects
3 Climate Conditions What are some of the problems associated with growing fruit trees in Utah?
4 Problems growing tree fruit Length of growing season Winter temperatures Summer heat Wind Late spring frosts Soils Insects & diseases
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6 Fruit Tree Zones Apples Zone 3 to 9 Apricots Zone 4 to 9 Pears Zone 4 to 9 Plums Zone 4 to 9 Peaches Zone 5 to 9 Asian Pears some down to Zone 5 Pluots, Apriums Zone 5 to 9 Cherries Zone 5 to 9
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8 Usual Order of Bloom Apricots Japanese Plums Peaches Asian Pears European Plums Cherries Pears Apples
9 Fruit Pollination Apples Need cross pollination
10 Apple Pollination Chart
11 Apple Blooming Time
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13 Apple Blooming Time
14 Bloom Time and Pollination
15 Pollination Requirements Variety Cross Pollination Self Fruitful Apples Yes Peaches Yes Nectarines Yes European Pears Yes Asian Pears Yes European Plums Mostly Some Japanese Plums Yes Sweet Cherries Yes Some Tart Cherries Yes Apricots Some Mostly
16 Pear Pollination
17 Cherry Pollination
18 Chill Units Apples 1 hour o F = 0.5 unit 1 hour o F = 1 unit 1 hour o F = 0.5 unit Units vary by the type of fruit
19 How big will my tree get?
20 Apple Rootstock Size
21 30 by 30 = 1 Standard Apple Tree
22 30 by 30 = 4 Semi-Dwarf Apple Trees
23 30 by 30 = 9 Dwarf Apple Trees
24 Fruit Tree Fruiting cultivar gala, honeycrisp, fuji, early elberta, Italian Rootstock Size of tree Disease resistance
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30 Rootstocks Apple Standard - MM111, M106, Seedling, Semi dwarf - M7, EMLA 7, M26, M9, Bud 9, G11, G30 Dwarf - EMLA 27, M27, P22, G65, Bud 146 & 491, P16, P2, G16
31 Other Fruit Rootstocks Pear Rootstocks Seedling OHxF 97 OHxF 87 OHxF 333 Cherry Rootstocks Mazzard Mahaleb Gisela 6 Gisela 5
32 Purchasing Trees Purchase trees from a reputable nursery Get trees when you are ready to plant See the trees before you purchase them Younger trees are easier to grow and usually cost less
33 Peach Variety Recommendations Flaming Fury PF-1, Early Redhaven, Risingstar, Redstar, Redhaven, Saturn, Blazingstar, Reliance, Flaming Fury PF Lucky 13, Glohaven, Coralstar, Artic Gem, Regina, Roza, Canadian Harmony, Red Globe, Loring, Suncrest, Veteran, Blushingstar, Flamin Fury PF-24C, Contender, Cresthaven, Early Elberta, Elberta, Angelus, J.H. Hale, O Henry, Polly, Intrepid
34 Zone 4 Peach Variety Recommendations Reliance, Flamin Fury PF-24C, Contender, Polly, Intrepid,
35 Sweet Cherry Variety Recommendations Chelan, Black Tartarian, Royal Ann, Bing, Stella, Rainier, Van, Lapins, Sweetheart Tart Cherry Montmorency
36 European Plum Varieties Green Gage, Early Italian, Italian, Stanley, Damson, Seneca
37 Japanese Plum Varieties Shiro, Santa Rosa, Satsuma, Duarte, Elephant Heart,
38 Plumcot Varieties Flavor Queen, Dapple Dandy, Flavor King, Flavor Supreme, Flavor Grenade,
39 Apricot Variety Recommendations Tomcot, Goldrich, Goldcot, Rival, Harglow, Perfection, Chinese (Mormon), Moorpark, Tilton, Harcot,
40 Pear Variety Recommendations Barlett, Bosc, Seckel, Anjou, Sensation, Comice, Concorde
41 Variety Recommendations Lodi, Yellow Tranparent, Ginger Gold, Zestar, Sansa, Jonamac, Gala, Cortland, Sweet Sixteen, Honeycrisp, Cameo, Jonagold, Jonathon, Fuji September Wonder, Cripen/Mutsu, McIntosh, Northern Spy, Rome Beauty, Braeburn, Fuji, Granny Smith
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43 Utah State University Botanical Center USU BC
44 Heirloom Apple Varieties Arkansas Black Ashmead Kernel Baldwin Calvelle Blanc D Hiver Cortland Cox Orange Pippen Golden Russett Granny Smith Gravenstein Grimes Golden Idared Jonathon McIntosh Melrose Mutsu/Crispen Northern Spy NW Greening Pink Pearl Smoke House Spitzenburg Wealthy Wolf River
45 Modern Apple Varieties Akane Blondee Braeburn Cameo Crimson Crisp Empire Royal Fuji, September Wonder Gala - Gale, Gibson Golden Ginger Gold Golden Sentinel Honeycrisp Jonagold KinderKrisp Macoun Northpole Pink Lady Red Jonaprince Ruby Jon Sansa Scarlet Sentinel Sweet 16 Zestar
46 Peach Varieties Angelus Artic Gem Blushingstar Canadian Harmony Contender Cresthaven Early Elberta Early Redhaven Loring O'Henry PF 1 Flaming Fury PF PF Lucky 13 Redstar Regina Risingstar Saturn Suncrest
47 Aprium, Plumcot & Plum Varieties 20th Century Bartlett Moorpark Flavor Delight Flavor Queen Flavor Supreme Dapple Dandy Flavor King Duarte Elephant Heart Santa Rosa Satsuma Stanley
48 Planting Hole should be 2 to 3 times the diameter of the root ball Planting Depth Southwest winter injury
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50 Planting Hole should be 2 to 3 times the diameter of the root ball Planting Depth Water them in Deer and rabbits Southwest winter injury
51 Fruit Tree Space Requirements Dwarf Apple 6-10 Semi-Dwarf Apple Standard Apple Pear Apricot Peach Plum 12-18
52 Fertilizing Fruit Trees Apply in the late winter/early spring Apply a granular product around dripline of the tree Apply 1 ounce of actual N per year of tree age Do not exceed 8 ounces of actual N per year per tree Actual Nitrogen ounces 18 ounces 30 ounces 6 year old tree
53 Irrigation Twice a month deep irrigation or based on soil type (established trees) Maybe 7 to 10 days on young trees Apply the water in the dripline of the tree Deep irrigation 18 to 24 Watering near the trunk of the tree creates crown rot
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55 Training and pruning the tree
56 6-7 year old tree after pruning
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58 Apply prior to bud break in the spring but after pruning Dormant Oil
59 Frost Protection Orchard
60 Willard, UT
61 30 minutes exposure time
62 30 minutes exposure time * 50% bloom = full crop of cherries * 10-15% survival apples, peaches & pears
63 Frost Protection Cover with blankets, plastic or tarp Irrigation basin with water in it Christmas lights Flood light Charcoal briquettes
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68 Why Thin Your Fruit Crop?
69 We thin to get Larger fruit Better fruit color Provides annual harvest rather than biannual
70 Thin fruit when it is pea to dime size One fruit every 6 to 8 inches Leave the king bloom/fruit (A/P) Apples, pears, peaches, nectarine should be thinned
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73 Fruit Bud Formation Apple early June to early July Pear late June to early July Peach late July Apricot early August Cherry late June to July Plums late July to August
74 No fruit, very little fruit, fruit every other year problem Trees too young Pollination problem Pollen sterile tree No bees Cold weather Frost Poor thinning or no thinning the previous year Applied insecticide too early & too heavy
75 Fruit tree bearing age Standard tree 5-7 years Semi dwarf 3-5 years Dwarf 2-3 years
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77 Know Your Insects Identification Peach Twig Borer and Greater Peach Tree Borerpeaches Codling Moth wormy apples and pears Western Cherry Fruit Fly tart and sweet cherries Spidermites, scale, aphids
78 How do I know when to spray?
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82 Fruit Tree Insect Control Doing something is better than doing nothing. Work on the first generation.
83 Fruit Tree Insect Control Know when to spray (Calendar Date). Look at website or call or Extension office. Know how often to spray based on the product label
84 Reduced Risk/Organic Fruit Tree Insect Control Options Apple bags, lunch bags, sandwich bags Virosoft, Cyd-X, codling moth virus apples & pears Trunk banding codling moth and earwigs Success, Entrust spinosad Horticulture oil
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87 Reduced Risk/Organic Fruit Tree Insect Control Options Apple bags, lunch bags, sandwich bags Virosoft, Cyd-X, codling moth virus apples & pears Trunk banding codling moth and earwigs Success, Entrust spinosad Horticulture oil
88 Uniform cover spray on each fruit is critical. Fruit need to be properly thinned in order to obtain uniform coverage.
89 Fruit Tree Diseases Coryneum Blight/Shothole apricots, peaches, nectarines, cherries Fireblight apples and pears Powdery mildew
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93 Website Resources
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Fruit Specimen, Smartpot
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