Pruning and Training. Lynn E. Long Oregon State University Extension
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1 Pruning and Training Sweet Cherries Lynn E. Long Oregon State University Extension
2 The Dalles Production Trends Largest production area ~ 10, A 200 A 1500 A
3 Oregon Production Trends Oregon 80% of dwarfing rootstocks tt sold ldit into Oregon Gisela 6 and 12 Krymsk 5 (K6) OCG purchased 50, since 2006 Premium $3.50 vs $1.00
4 Labor Issues Worker Productivity it Worker Satisfaction Worker Safety Ability to Attract Labor More Readily lbs/hr
5 Pedestrian Orchards Concerned about labor Pedestrian orchards Easier maintenance Harvest time is halved Need fewer pickers
6 Standard density = 15 x18 Mazzard High density = 10 x16 Gisela Comparing the Economic and Cash Costs to Establish a Standard and High Density Sweet Cherry Orchard in Wasco County, Oregon. $10,000 $6,000 $2,000 -$2,000 -$6,000 -$10,000 -$14,000 -$18, Economic Costs, Standard Density Cash Flow, Standard d Density Economic Costs, High Density Cash Flow, High Density Cash Flow = planting costs, labor, fertilizer, chemicals, harvest costs Economic Costs = interest costs, depreciation, return on investments C. Seavert
7 Future Labor Shortages We will lack trained laborers. We now have complicated systems Impossible to replicate Dr. Matthew Whiting We need to take the art out of pruning.
8 Choosing the right system As important as choosing Variety Rootstock
9 Three Systems
10 Training System Publication Steep Leader Vogel Spindle Spanish Bush $ postage
11 Spanish Bush Developed in Ebro Valley of Spain Dwarfing rootstocks recommended for fertile soils Non-dwarfing used in Spain, Australia
12 Spanish Bush Attributes Divert vigor throughout multiple branches Maximum height 8 ft
13 Early Training Branching formed through heading cuts Non-precocious
14 Spanish Bush Laterals are bearing wood Leaders are permanent
15 No permanent No permanent branches KGB Modification
16 Similar through Similar through formation KGB Modification
17 KGB Modification 2-4 largest leaders stubbed back each year (dormant) New growth headed (dormant) Laterals removed (after harvest)
18 KGB Modification 2-4 largest leaders stubbed back each year (dormant) New growth headed (dormant) Laterals removed (after harvest)
19 Developed in Franconia, Germany 8-10 ft x ft Works best with dwarfing rootstocks Maximum height ft Vogel Central Leader (Spindle)
20 Expensive to train Early Training
21 Precocious System Highly precocious Horizontal angles Little pruning in establishment 3 rd leaf Regina
22 Mature Tree At maturity easy and fast to prune Don t allow upper branches to dominate Stub back branches Tip all new growth
23 Upright Fruiting Offshoots Developed by Dr Developed by Dr. Matthew Whiting
24 UFO Very Precocious Very Simple
25 UFO Upright branches placed by bud removal or scoring 8-12 spacing
26 UFO 20% of branches rotated out each year
27 Pruning principles Pruning principles taught in minutes. UFO
28 Principles of Pruning Common to any system on productive rootstocks KGB, Vogel Spindle, UFO Gisela, Krymsk, MaxMa 14, etc. Maximize fruit size
29
30 Step 1 Remove pendant and small wood Bad on Mazzard Disaster on Gisela No new growth Not enough leaves to support crop
31 Step 2 Dormant season Remove ⅓ to ½ of last years growth Tip all branches Reduces future crop
32 Step 2 Dormant season Remove ⅓ to ½ of last years growth Tip all branches Reduces future crop
33 Tipping Response
34 Unpruned Bing/G5 Year 1 vegetative growth Year 2 vegetative growth Year 3 vegetative & fruit growth Matthew Whiting, WSU Assumptions: 7 lvs/spur 6 fruit/spur 2 cm annual growth 1 node per 1 inch 5 leaves/fruit neces. Year 3 Leaf:Fruit 2.5 leaves/fruit Year 4 Leaf:Fruit 1.8 leaves/fruit
35 Pruned 1 year Bing/Gisela 5 Assumptions: 7 lvs/spur 6 fruit/spur 60 cm annual growth g 1 node per 2.5 cm 5 leaves/fruit neces. M. Whiting, WSU Year 3 Leaf:Fruit 4.7 leaves/fruit Year 4 Leaf:Fruit Manage crop load in year 1 (shoots) 2.1 leaves/fruit
36 Pruned 2 years Bing/Gisela 5 Year 3 Leaf:Fruit 4.4 leaves/fruit Y Year 4 L Leaf:Fruit ff i 3.5 leaves/fruit M. Whiting, WSU Manage crop load in year 1
37 Step 3 Renewal Pruning Stub back 20% of all fruiting wood each year Leave 5-20 stubs Reduces current seasons crop Renews spurs
38 Step 4 Dormant season Thin shoots at top of tree to single branch Make sure tree shaped like pyramid Allows light penetration throughout tree
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