Experiences with different cherry rootstocks in Belgium. J. Vercammen Proeftuin pit- en steenfruit (pps)
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1 Experiences with different cherry rootstocks in Belgium J. Vercammen Proeftuin pit- en steenfruit (pps)
2 Cherry rootstocks Introduction Comparison Gisela 5 Gisela 3 Comparison Gisela 5 Gisela 6 Comparison Gisela 5 PiKu 4.20 Rootstock trial Lapins Comparison Gisela 5 Krymsk 5 Rootstock trial Kordia/Summit Rootstock trial Regina
3 Aim We want to obtain trees which yield precociously and which have a reduced height harvest of all of the cherries when standing on the ground
4 Sweet cherries in Belgium New start in the early nineties New varieties Weak growing rootstock : Gisela 5 New training and pruning methods
5 Demands Compatibility Soil Climate Health = Virus status Vigour Production Fruit size
6 Gisela 5 (Gisela 148/2) Prunus cerasus x Prunus canescens Moderate to weak vigour Yield efficiency is very high Sometimes small fruit size Suitable for most modern varieties Planting distance : 5 x 3 m to 4 x 2 m Tree height : 3 to 4 m Best suited for intensive cherry culture
7 Rootstock trial Regina and Karina Gisela 5 Gisela 3
8 Root stock trial Regina - Karina Planting year : March 2005 Varieties : Regina and Karina Rootstocks : Gisela 3 and Gisela 5 Planting distance : 4 x 2 m With plastic covering With irrigation
9 Rootstock trial Regina - Karina Increase trunk circumference ( ) cm Gisela 5 Gisela 3 Gisela 5 Gisela 3 Regina Karina Planting year : Planting distance : 4.0 x 2.0 m
10 Rootstock trial Regina - Karina Average shootlength cm Gisela 5 Gisela 3 Gisela 5 Gisela 3 Planting year : Planting distance : 4.0 x 2.0 m
11 Rootstock trial Regina - Karina Yield data ( ) Kg/tree Gisela 5 Gisela 3 Gisela 5 Gisela 3 g Regina Kg/tree Fruit weight (g) Karina Planting year : Planting distance : 4.0 x 2.0 m
12 Gisela 3 (Gisela 209/1) Prunus cerasus x Prunus canescens Weak vigour High yield efficiency Often smaller fruit size Suitable for most modern varieties Planting distance : 4 x 2 m to 3.5 x 1.5 m Tree height : 3 to 4 m Very suitable for intensive cherry culture
13 Conclusion for Gisela 3 20 to 33 % less vigour as Gisela 5 Yield is good Good fruit size, sometimes slightly smaller Shorter planting distance required Suitable for intensive cherry culture
14 Rootstock trial with Samba Gisela 5 Gisela 6
15 Rootstock trial Samba Planting year : Variety : Samba Rootstocks : Gisela 5 and Gisela 6 Planting distance : 5 x 2 m No plastic covering With irrigation
16 Rootstock trial Samba Increase trunk circumference ( ) cm Gisela 5 Gisela 6 Planting year : Planting distance : 5.0 x 2.0 m
17 Rootstock trial Samba Shootlength 2014 Rootstock Shootlength (cm) Number of shoots Total shootlength (m) Gisela Gisela Planting year : Planting distance : 5.0 x 2.0 m
18 Rootstock trial Samba Tree volume m³ Gisela 5 Gisela 6 Planting year : Planting distance : 5.0 x 2.0 m
19 Rootstock trial Samba Yield data ( ) Kg/tree Planting year : Gisela 5 Gisela 6 Kg/tree Fruit weight (g) Planting distance : 5.0 x 2.0 m g
20 Gisela 6 (Gisela 148/1) Prunus cerasus x Prunus canescens Moderate vigour High yield efficiency Recommended for selffertile varieties Not suitable for all varieties Planting distance : 5 x 3 m to 4 x 2 m Tree height : 4 à 5 m Less suitable for intensive cherry culture
21 Conclusion for Gisela % more vigour as Gisela 5 Production is slightly higher Fruit size can be smaller Wider spacing required Suitable for lighter soils Suitable for selffertile varieties??? Support material is necessary
22 Kordia Gisela 5 Gisela 6
23 Rootstock trial with Satin Gisela 5 PiKu 4.20
24 Rootstock trial Satin Variety : Satin Planting year : Rootstock : Gisela 5 and PiKu 4.20 (= PiKu 1) Planting distance : 5,0 x 2,5 m No plastic covering With irrigation
25 Rootstock trial Satin Increase trunk circumference ( ) cm Gisela 5 PiKu 4.20 Planting year : Planting distance : 5.0 x 2.5 m
26 Rootstock trial Satin Shootlength 2013 Rootstock Shootlength (cm) Number of shoots Total shootlength (m) Gisela PiKu Planting year : Planting distance : 5.0 x 2.5 m
27 Rootstock trial Satin Tree volume m³ Gisela 5 PiKu 4.20 Planting year : Planting distance : 5.0 x 2.5 m
28 Rootstock trial Satin Yield data ( ) Kg/tree Planting year : Gisela 5 PiKu 4.20 Kg/tree Fruit weight (g) Planting distance : 5.0 x 2.5 m g
29 Hertford on PiKu 1 50 % healthy trees and 50 % weak trees
30 PiKu 4.20 (PiKu 1) Prunus avium x (P. canescens x P. tomentosa) Dresden-Pillnitz (D) Moderate vigour Poor soil : too weak and too small fruit size Planting distance : 5 x 3 m to 4 x 2 m Tree height : 4 à 5 m Less suitable for intensive cherry culture
31 Conclusion for PiKu % weaker vigour as Gisela 5 In older trials stronger vigour Previous results are not confirmed Production is lower Fruit size is smaller Wider spacing required No recommendation
32 Kordia Gisela 5 PiKu 4.20
33 Rootstock trial with Lapins Gisela 5 Gisela 3 Gisela 6 PiKu 4.20
34 Rootstock trial Lapins Variety : Lapins Planting year : Rootstock + Planting distance : PiKu 4.20 (= PiKu 1) : 4.0 x 2.5 m (900 trees/ha) Gisela 6 : 4.0 x 2.5 m (900 trees/ha) Gisela 5 : 4.0 x 2.0 m (1.125 trees/ha) Gisela 3 : 4.0 x 1.5 m (1.500 trees/ha) No plastic covering - With irrigation (since 2014)
35 Rootstock trial Lapins Increase trunk circumference ( ) 25 cm PiKu 4.20 Gisela 6 Gisela 5 Gisela 3 Planting year : Planting distance : 4.0 x
36 Rootstock trial Lapins Shootlength 2014 Rootstock Shootlength (cm) Number of shoots Total shootlength (m) PiKu Gisela Gisela Gisela Planting year : Planting distance : 4.0 x
37 Rootstock trial Lapins Tree volume m³ PiKu 4.20 Gisela 6 Gisela 5 Gisela 3 Planting year : Planting distance : 4.0 x
38 Rootstock trial Lapins Yield data ( ) Kg/tree PiKu 4.20 Gisela 6 Gisela 5 Gisela 3 Kg/tree Fruit weight (g) Planting year : Planting distance : 4.0 x g
39 Rootstock trial Lapins Yield data ( ) Ton/ha PiKu 4.20 Gisela 6 Gisela 5 Gisela 3 Ton/ha Fruit weight (g) g Planting year : Planting distance : 4.0 x
40 Rootstock trial with Regina Gisela 5 Krymsk 5
41 Rootstock trial Regina Variety : Regina Planting year : Rootstock : Gisela 5 Krymsk 5 Planting distance : 4.0 x 2.0 m No plastic covering With irrigation (since 2014)
42 Rootstock trial Regina Increase trunk circumference Rootstock Increase trunk circumference 2014 Increase trunk circumference Total % to Gisela 5 (cm) (cm) Gisela Krymsk Planting year : Planting distance : 4.0 x 2.0 m
43 Rootstock trial Regina Shootlength 2013 Rootstock Shootlength (cm) Number of shoots Total shootlength (m) Gisela Krymsk Planting year : Planting distance : 4.0 x 2.0 m
44 Rootstock trial Regina Tree volume m³ Gisela 5 Krymsk 5 Planting year : Planting distance : 4.0 x 2.0 m
45 Rootstock trial Regina Gisela 5 Krymsk 5
46 Rootstock trial Regina Yield data Kg/tree Gisela 5 Krymsk 5 Kg/tree Fruit weigth (g) g Planting year : Planting distance : 4.0 x 2.0 m
47 Rootstock trial Kordia and Summit Gisela 5 Gisela 3 Gisela 12 Gisela 13 (148/13) Weiroot 720
48 Rootstock trial Kordia and Summit Variety : Kordia and Summit Planting year : Rootstocks : Gisela 3, Gisela 5, Gisela 12, Gisela 13 (148/13) and Weiroot 720 Planting distance : 4.0 x 2.0 (1.125 trees ha) No plastic covering With irrigation (since 2014)
49 Rootstock trial Kordia and Summit Increase trunk circumference ( ) cm Gisela 3 Gisela 5 Gisela 12 Gisela 13 Weiroot 720 Kordia Summit Planting year : Planting distance : 4.0 x 2.0 m
50 Rootstock trial Kordia and Summit Tree volume m³ Gisela 3 Gisela 5 Gisela 12 Gisela 13 Weiroot 720 Kordia Summit Planting year : Planting distance : 4.0 x 2.0 m
51 Rootstock trial with Regina Gisela 5 WeiGi 1 WeiGi 2
52 Rootstock trial Regina Variety : Regina Planting year : Rootstocks : Gisela 5, WeiGi 1 and WeiGi 2 Planting distance : 4.0 x 2.0 (1.125 trees ha) No plastic covering With irrigation
53 Rootstock trial Regina Increase trunk circumference cm Gisela 5 Weigi 1 Weigi 2 Planting year : Planting distance : 4.0 x 2.0 m
54 Conclusion rootstocks Gisela 3 Gisela 5 Gisela 6 PiKu 4.20 Vigour % 100 % % 90 % Production Good Good Very good Moderate Fruit size Moderate Good Moderate Moderate Tree Light green leaves Healthy Healthy? Gisela 5 remains our advice!!!
55 General conclusion for Gisela 5 Moderate to weak vigour Yield efficiency is very high Very good fruit size in dry circumstances sometimes too small solved quite easily by irrigation Suitable for most modern varieties Best suited for intensive cherry culture
56 Thank you for your attention! Sweetheart on Gisela 5 in a V-system
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