U.53U c. cop. 5. no. 897

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3 UNIVERSITY OF Digitized by the Internet Archive in 0 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

identified with an asterisk (*). You must be certified as a pesticide applicator to use restricted-use pesticides. See your county Extension adviser in agriculture for information.

5 .C c mi tio.7 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AGRICULTURE LIBRARY CIRCULATING COPY AGRICULTURE LIBRARY 985 Insect Pest Management Guide COMMERCIAL VEGETABLE CROPS AND GREENHOUSE VEGETABLES Restricted-use insecticides are identified with an asterisk (*). You must be certified as a pesticide applicator to use restricted-use pesticides. See your county Extension adviser in agriculture for information. Commercial vegetable gardeners find it impossible to produce vegetables profitably unless they control insects at maximum efficiency and minimum cost. The housewife of today will not accept unsightly wormy vegetables; not only are wormy fruits and vegetables unappetizing but the waste from trimming increases food costs. Thus the commercial vegetable gardener must produce a quality product that is acceptable and safe to the consumer. Careful use of the right insecticides will enable him to do this. Insect pest-management programs, which include the wise selection of cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical methods, are suggested for the major insect pests of vegetable crops. s, though, are still efficient means of managing most insects. the most This suggested insecticide guide has been prepared for use by Illinois commercial vegetable farmers; it is not for home gardeners, who should use only those insecticides that are extremely safe to handle, apply, and store. Furthermore, the commercial vegetable gardener must use a wider variety of insecticides than the home gardener in order to obtain maximum insect control at the least cost. In using insecticides, read the label and carefully follow the instructions. Do not exceed maximum rates suggested; observe carefully the interval between application and harvest, and apply only to crops for which use has been approved. Make a record of the product used, the trade name, the percentage content of the insecticide, the dilution, rate of application per acre, and the dates of application. Some of the insecticides suggested here can be poisonous to the applicator. In using them, the commercial grower is expected to use precautions to protect himself, his workers, and his family from undue or needless exposure. the In using this guide, always refer to the table on the next page, which lists the limitations and restrictions on use. These limitations apply to the vegetables as human food. If you use any portion of a vegetable for livestock food (tops, stalks, etc.), refer to the label for instructions as to the interval required between application and feeding. The chemical names used in these tables may be unfamiliar to you. These names are the common coined chemical names and as such are not capitalized. Trade names are capitalized. In the table of limitations the common names are listed first. If the trade name is more commonly used, it is listed in parentheses following the common name. Throughout the tables of suggestions, however, the common name is used if there is one. In case you have a question, refer to the table of limitations. These suggestions are subject to change without notification during the growing season. Requested label clearances for a few uses of insecticides, carriers, and solvents are uncertain for 985, since many requests have not been officially cleared. Anticipating needed changes in labeling, we began modifying these suggested uses a few years ago. Check with your county Extension adviser if you are in doubt about the insecticide you plan to use. We will make announcements of label changes through newsletters and the news media to keep you up to date. s are being classified for general use or restricted use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. A person wishing to use an insecticide classified for restricted use must be certified as a private or commercial pesticide applicator by the Illinois Department of Agriculture. Contact your county Extension adviser in agriculture for details on this program. A few insecticides have been classified at this time. More will be classified later. Suggestions for the effective use of insecticides from a practical standpoint are based on available data. Soil textures, ph of the soil, rainfall, slope of the field, wind velocity at planting, method and accuracy of application, and other unpredictable factors affect efficiency. Prepared by Roscoe Randall, Extension Entomologist UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE In cooperation wirh ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY CIRCULAR 897 (revised annually) November, 984

,, LIMITATIONS FOR FIELD VEGETABLES IN DAYS BETWEEN APPLICATION AND HARVEST AND OTHER RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF INSECTICIDES IN ILLINOIS (Blank spaces indicate that the material is not suggested for the

.. *azinphosmethyl (Guthion) Bacillus thuringiensis (Sevin) carbofuran (Furadan)... chlorpyrifos (Lorsban).

6 ,, LIMITATIONS FOR FIELD VEGETABLES IN DAYS BETWEEN APPLICATION AND HARVEST AND OTHER RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF INSECTICIDES IN ILLINOIS (Blank spaces indicate that the material is not suggested for the specific use in Illinois) Broc- Brussels Cab- Cauli- Horse- Rad- Tur- Beans Peas coli sprouts bage flower radish ish nip Onions Eggplant Peppers Tomatoes acephate (Orthene)... *azinphosmethyl (Guthion) Bacillus thuringiensis (Sevin) carbofuran (Furadan)... chlorpyrifos (Lorsban). Dasanit *demeton (Systox) diazinon dicofol (Kelthane) dimethoate (Cygon) Dyfonate ethion *fenvalerate (Pydrin) 4 *methomyl (Lannate) *mevinphos (Phosdrin)... Monitor naled (Dibrom) oxydemetonmethyl (Meta-Systox R) *permethrin (Ambush, Pounce) phorate (Thimet) rotenone trichlorfon (Dylox) 4 7E OE OE E,N,5A C H ;ih \\ C C H H C 0 5, 4A E C, D 0 C,D C 7F B 0 0B IK Kale Swiss chard Sweet corn Potatoes Collards Lettuce Spinach Cucumbers Melons Pumpkins Squash Winter Summer Bacillus thuringiensis (Sevin) carbofuran (Furadan), chlorpyrifos (Lorsban) diazinon, dicofol (Kelthane) dimethoate (Cygon) Dyfonate, *fenvalerate (Pydrin) 4. isofenphos (Amaze), *methomyl (Lannate), *mevinphos (Phosdrin) Mocap naled (Dibrom) *permethrin (Ambush, Pounce). phorate (Thimet) c "l 5 C C C 0 5 C 7 5 rotenone, terbufos (Counter) trichlorfon (Dylox) F * Use restricted to certified applicators only. Apply insecticides late in the day after the blossoms have closed to reduce bee kill. ' For use only by professional applicators or commercial gardeners. * The trade names are Bactur, Dipel, Thuricide, and Sok Bt. 4 Only root crops indicated on label can be planted following application. For all other root crops, wait months before planting. REENTRY INTERVALS FOR WORKER PROTECTION Hours azinphosmethyl (Guthion) 4 demeton (Systox) 48 ethion 4 parathion 48 A. If tops or stover are to be used for feed. B. Not more than twice per season. C. Soil applications at planting time only. D. Do not use on green onion crop. E. Do not use tops for feed or food. F. Not more than times per season. G. Not after edible portions or heads begin to form. H. Not more than 8 times per season. I. Crops other than corn and soybeans may be planted 0 months after application. J. Not more than once per season. K. Do not exceed lb. a.i. per acre. L. Not more than 4 applications per season. M. Not more than 6 applications per season. N. Do not exceed 0.4 lb. a.i. per acre. Workers must wear protective clothing if they enter treated fields before the time intervals shown at the left. They must also wear protective clothing for all other insecticides applied if the spray has not dried or the dust has not settled.

M?X cop,<b CABBAGE AND RELATED COLE CROPS Insect of attack Cabbage maggots (NHE-44) All season Aphids (NHE-47) All season Thrips (NHE-48) Cabbage loopers (NHE-45); diamond-back moth larvae; imported

*permethrin Cutworms At planting *fenvalerate trichlorfon oz.w.p.oroz. E.C. per 50 gaj. transplant water 4 oz. per 50 gal. transplant water oz. 4E per,000 ft. of row oz. 4E per,000 ft. of row X 0.

7 M?X cop,<b CABBAGE AND RELATED COLE CROPS Insect of attack Cabbage maggots (NHE-44) All season Aphids (NHE-47) All season Thrips (NHE-48) Cabbage loopers (NHE-45); diamond-back moth larvae; imported cabbage worms All season diazinon Dvfonate diazinon granules *azinphosmethyl diazinon Lorsban Lorsban *azinphosmethyl dimethoate *mevinphos Bacillus thuringiensis *fenvalerate *methomyl *Monitor *permethrin Cutworms At planting *fenvalerate trichlorfon oz.w.p.oroz. E.C. per 50 gaj. transplant water 4 oz. per 50 gal. transplant water oz. 4E per,000 ft. of row oz. 4E per,000 ft. of row X 0. X 0.4 See rates on label Broadcast Furrow Furrow Disk in just before planting. Use only for cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli. At time of planting; on turnips a drenching spray of lb. diazinon should be applied 0 days following treatment. 6 fluid oz. transplant water per plant. Transplant drench to cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower. Radishes only. When aphids appear, but before leaves begin to curl. When small worms first appear, and about every 5 to 7 days thereafter. Thorough spray coverage of foliage is important. Base of plants Flea beetles and All season leafhoppers *fenvalerate E.C. = Emulsion concentrate ; W.P. = wettable powder. * Use restricted to certified applicators only. ' Maggots are resistant to diazinon in some areas of Illinois. Insect of attack COLLARDS, KALE, LETTUCE, SPINACH, SWISS CHARD Aphids (NHE-47) All season diazinon dimethoate *mevinphos Cutworms On seedling plants naled *pa rath ion Leafhoppers All season dimethoate Caterpillars (NHE-45) All season X 0. X 0.4 trichlorfon Base of plant and soil Bacillus Ihuringiensis *methomyl naled Leaf miners All season diazinon dimethoate Flea beetles AH season rotenone 0. See ratea on label 0.45 X When first damage appears. When first leafhoppers appear, and as needed. X When small worms first appear and every 5 to 7 days thereafter. When first miners are observed. Do not use on spinach or Swiss chard. Use limited to lettuce and spinach only.

BEANS Insect of attack Seed maggots (NHE-7) All season diazinon 50% W.P. /5 oz./bu. Seed Lorsban5%W.P.» oz./bu. Seed Treat seed no longer than months before planting.

45 Mexican bean beetles Midseason and late season phorate granules J- Soilband Place on either or both sides of row at planting but not in contact with seed.

8 BEANS Insect of attack Seed maggots (NHE-7) All season diazinon 50% W.P. /5 oz./bu. Seed Lorsban5%W.P.» oz./bu. Seed Treat seed no longer than months before planting. Bean leaf beetles Early and (NHE-67) late season Leafhoppers All season (NHE-) and dimethoate 0. plant bugs (NHE-68) *methomyl 0.45 Mexican bean beetles Midseason and late season phorate granules J- Soilband Place on either or both sides of row at planting but not in contact with seed. When feeding first appears and weekly for or applications as needed. Before plants become yellow and stunted. Repeat applications at weekly intervals as necessary. phorate granules m Soilband As for seed maggot. Aphids (NHE-47) All season dimethoate Blister beetles (NHE-7) Corn earworms (NHE-) Corn borers Midseason and late season Late season h i When occasional leaves show lacework feeding. phorate granules ih Soilband As for seed maggot. 0. phorate granules IX Soilband As for seed maggot. IK acephate *methomyl Mites Midseason and dicofol 0.4 % 0.45 late season dimethoate 0. Usually applied when a few aphids can be found on each plant, but before leaves begin to curl and deform. As needed, but usually after August 0. Worms may be present before bloom. phorate granules J^ Soilband As for seed maggot. * Use restricted to certified applicators only. * No restrictions when used as recommended. As needed, but especially during drouthy periods particularly if has been used on crops. CUCUMBERS AND OTHER VINE CROPS Insect of attack 8 Striped and spotted cucumber beetles (NHE-46) Seedling to mature plants carbofuran Aphids (NHE-47) All season diazinon dimethoate Squash bugs (NHE-5) All season *fenvalerate trichlorfon' Leafhoppers August *fenvalerate dimethoate Squash vine borers Pickle worms Mites Cutworms (NHE-77) June- August- April-June *fen valerate *fenvalerate dicofol *fenvalerate Soil H When beetles first appear; as often as necessary thereafter. When aphids become noticeable l 0. Do not apply until first eggs are found hatching (about June 5 to July 5); controls only nymphs. Base of stem for ft. Weekly applications when vines begin to run usually 5 applications. Weekly applications, beginning in late August. Base of plants * Use restricted to certified applicators only. Spray vine crops with insecticide only late in the day after blossoms have closed to reduce bee kill. ' Do not use dimethoate on cucumbers. * Pumpkin is the only vine crop for which trichlorfon can be used for squash bug control.

TOMATOES AND EGGPLANT Insect of attack Cutworms (NHE-77) Early and midseason fenvalerate trichlorfon Flea beetles May-June rotenone Aphids (NHE-47) May-July diazinon dimethoate 0.-0.

*fenvalerate 0.-0. *methomyl 0.45-0.9 *fenvalerate *methomyl l carbophenothion dicofol sulfur dust sulfur spray 0.-0. 0.45-0.9 H 0.4 0 0 Base of plants or loliage Apply every week as long as needed.

9 TOMATOES AND EGGPLANT Insect of attack Cutworms (NHE-77) Early and midseason fenvalerate trichlorfon Flea beetles May-June rotenone Aphids (NHE-47) May-July diazinon dimethoate Cabbage Bacillus See rates Ioopers thuringiensis on label Corn earworms Corn borers Hornworms Mites Russet mites Blister beetles (NHE-7) Fruit flies and picnic beetles June- August- October 0. *fenvalerate *methomyl *fenvalerate *methomyl l carbophenothion dicofol sulfur dust sulfur spray H Base of plants or loliage Apply every week as long as needed. As needed, but before leaves curl. When Ioopers are present. Add to weekly applications of fungicide sprays beginning at first fruit set when first small worms appear. ^ diazinon When flies or beetles first appear. * Use restricted to certified applicators only. ' Use cleared only on tomatoes. * No limitations on use. PEPPERS Insect of attack Aphids (NHE-47) May-July dimethoate 0. demeton % *methomyl 0.45 oxydemetonmethyl J^ acephate \^ Corn borers Late season acephate Only when aphids are present. Add to borer spray when it is being used. and When fruit is present on plant. Apply fruit every 5 days when borers are present. * Use restricted to certified applicators only. carbofuran - Soilband to Make applications; first, weeks after transplant transplant, second, 5 weeks later. Insect of attack Asparagus beetles (NHE-49) ASPARAGUS H Early and mid- Spears and As needed, not more often than every season on spears ferns days. and ferns rotenone Spears One-day restriction between last application and harvest

Insect Soil insects (NHE-6, 7, 4) Cutworms (NHE-8) Flea beedes (NHE-6) Japanese beedes (NHE-) First-generation corn borers of attack April-August Counter Dyfonate Furadan Lorsban Mocap phorate

Rootworm control may be needed if the corn was not sprayed the previous year. - Base of plants When first damage appears. % Broadcast m As necessary. Soilband Ear zone As necessary.

(NHE-) *methomyl 0.45 *permethrin 0.-0. Sap beedes (NHE-0) Picnic beedes Corn leaf aphids (NHE-9) Fall armyworms * Use restricted to certified applicators only.

10 Insect Soil insects (NHE-6, 7, 4) Cutworms (NHE-8) Flea beedes (NHE-6) Japanese beedes (NHE-) First-generation corn borers of attack April-August Counter Dyfonate Furadan Lorsban Mocap phorate April-June Lorsban 4E April-July carbofuran 5G SWEET CORN Row Apply on soil surface behind planter shoe and ahead of press wheel. Rootworm control may be needed if the corn was not sprayed the previous year. - Base of plants When first damage appears. % Broadcast m As necessary. Soilband Ear zone As necessary. June If needed, make first application when Second-generation June- corn borers and carbofuran 4F' H corn earworms* *fenvalerate (NHE-) *methomyl 0.45 *permethrin Sap beedes (NHE-0) Picnic beedes Corn leaf aphids (NHE-9) Fall armyworms * Use restricted to certified applicators only. diazinon *methomyl tassel ratio is 0 to 40. Repeat in 4 to 5 days. Ear zone Fresh market corn: At first silk and every to 4 days for 5 to 8 applications. Canning corn: Observe light traps for earworm and borer adults, or keep a record of the heat units. When,500 or more heat units have accumulated, begin a spray program. As an alternative, begin at 0 to 50% silk and every to 5 days thereafter until the corn is within 8 to days of harvest. When adults first appear in field; usually between pollen-shedding and silk-drying. As needed to produce attractive ears for fresh market Apply to ear zone when whorl feeding is evident. During pollen shed, apply as late in the day as possible (preferably after 4 p.m.) to reduce bee kill. * Adding 0.5 to 0.75 pound of parathion or 0.5 to 0.45 pound of methomyl to improves earworm control. * Corn borer control only. ONIONS Insect of attack Onion maggots (NHE-50) All season diazinon W.P. ethion W.P. H-l for lb. of seed for lb. of seed Dasanit granules diazinon granules J^-l Dyfonate ethion granules J^- Seed Seed treatment for set onions only. Use lighter dosage of diazinon on sandy, highly Furrow mineral soils. Use lb. active ingredient per acre for rows " apart; % lb. for rows 8" apart; H lb. for rows 4" apart. Up to twice these amounts are needed for ethion on muck soils. Do not use Dasanit or Dyfonate on green onions. diazinon Broadcast Preplanting; disk into upper to inches of soil. Supplement with foliage spray diazinon Thrips (NHE-48) Midseason and diazinon late season azinphosmethyl * Use restricted to certified applicators only. J4 below. Supplemental to soil treatment. Make first application when first adult flies are seen; make another week later. From then on only as necessary. When injury first appears and every 0 days as necessary.

POTATOES Pound of active Insect of attack Flea beetles May-July Colorado potato beetles; cutworms; potato leafhoppers (NHE-) May-July carbofuran granules carbofuran spray fenvalerate *methomyl

45 J4 Blister beetles (NHE-7) All season Wireworms (NHE-4) All season White grubs (NHE-) Grasshoppers (NHE-74) * Use restricted to certified applicators only. 0.

11 POTATOES Pound of active Insect of attack Flea beetles May-July Colorado potato beetles; cutworms; potato leafhoppers (NHE-) May-July carbofuran granules carbofuran spray fenvalerate *methomyl *permethrin carbofuran granules carbofuran spray dimethoate *fenvalerate Aphids (NHE-47) All season dimethoate 0. *methomyl 0.45 J4 Blister beetles (NHE-7) All season Wireworms (NHE-4) All season White grubs (NHE-) Grasshoppers (NHE-74) * Use restricted to certified applicators only In furrow In furrow When damage first appears on the leaves. Repeat as needed. Planting time. Planting time. *permethrin 0. phorate granules - Soilband Place on either or both sides of row at planting, but not in contact with seed. Use the lower rate on sandy soils, the heavier rate on heavy soils. Do not use on muck soils. phorate granules - Soilband Same as for leafhoppers. H phorate granules - Soil Preplanting, disk in; or use as soilband dimethoate 0. at planting. As needed, control in fence rows, roadsides, ditch banks, etc., before migration. PEAS Insect of attack Caterpillars, June including loopers *methomyl Before harvest if worms are present. fenvalerate 0. Aphids May-June dimethoate H * Use restricted to certified applicators only.

Obtain the following circulars on insect control from the Office of Agricultural Publications, University of Illinois, 47 Mumford Hall, 0 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 680.

Control Leaflets describing the life history, biology, and habits of some of the insects mentioned can be obtained from the offices of county Extension advisers or by writing to Entomology Extension,

The persons most likely to suffer ill effects from insecticides are the applicator and his family. Accidents and careless, needless overexposure can be avoided.

12 Obtain the following circulars on insect control from the Office of Agricultural Publications, University of Illinois, 47 Mumford Hall, 0 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 680. Circular 899, 985 Insect Pest Management Guide Field and Forage Crops Circular 900, 985 Insect Pest Management Guide Home, Yard, and Garden FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Circular 076, 985 Turfgrass Pest Control Leaflets describing the life history, biology, and habits of some of the insects mentioned can be obtained from the offices of county Extension advisers or by writing to Entomology Extension, 7 Natural Resources Building, 607 E. Peabody Drive, Champaign, Illinois 680. These are indicated by an NHE number in the tables. FOR YOUR PROTECTION Always handle insecticides with respect. The persons most likely to suffer ill effects from insecticides are the applicator and his family. Accidents and careless, needless overexposure can be avoided. Here are a few easy rules that if followed will prevent most insecticide accidents:. Wear rubber gloves when handling insecticide concentrates.. Do not smoke while handling or using insecticides.. Keep your face turned to one side when opening insecticide containers. 4. Leave unused insecticides in their original containers with the labels on them. 5. Store insecticides out of reach of children, irresponsible persons, or animals; store preferably in a locked cabinet. 6. Triple-rinse and bury or burn all empty insecticide containers or take to an approved sanitary landfill. 7. Do not put the water-supply hose directly into the spray tank. 8. Do not blow out clogged nozzles or spray lines with your mouth. 9. Wash with soap and water exposed parts of body and clothes contaminated with insecticide. 0. Do not leave puddles of spray on impervious surfaces.. Do not apply to fish-bearing or other water supplies.. Do not apply insecticides, except in an emergency, to areas with abundant wildlife or to blossoming crops visited by bees. Avoid drift onto blossoming crops or onto bee hives.. Do not apply insecticides near dug wells or cisterns. 4. Do not spray when weather conditions favor drift. 5. Observe all precautions listed on the label. 6. To avoid bee kill, apply insecticides after bee activity has been completed for the day; use the least toxic materials. Warn beekeepers that you are applying insecticides. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work, Acts of May 8 and June 0, 94, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. WILLIAM R. OSCHWALD, Director, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The Illinois Cooperative Extension Service provides equal opportunities in programs and employment. 6M so

AT I *vi a University of Illinois Urbaha-Champaign. Digitized by the Internet Archive

Digitized by the Internet Archive in 20 with funding from AT I *vi a University of Illinois Urbaha-Champaign http://www.archive.org/details/insectpestmanage7980univ CIRCULATING COPY AGRICULTURE LIBRARY