Production. Diseases. Insects. Disease Management Recommendations. Minimum Preharvest Intervalsof Common Insecticides Insecticide Rates and Guidelines

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1 Insect Pest Management for Commercial Crops Diseases Insects Weeds Production Diseases Disease Management Recommendations Seedpiece Decay, Seedborne Diseases, and Blackleg Early Blight Late Blight Scab Verticillium Wilt Rhizoctonia Canker Fusarium Dry Rot Viral diseases and Purple-top Wilt (Aster Yellows) Root Rot and Lesion Nematodes Insects Minimum Preharvest Intervalsof Common Insecticides Insecticide Rates and Guidelines Colorado potato beetle; cutworms; flea beetles; potato leafhopper Aphids Blister beetles Wireworms, and white grubs (1 of 2) [08/06/ :05:49 a.m.]

2 Insect Pest Management for Commercial Crops Weeds Herbicide Rates and Guidelines Preemergence Postemergence Stale Seedbed Newsletter Ask An Expert Extension Educators Related Links Home Fruits & Vegetables Field Crops Structural & Public Health Issues Landscape Pest Management Other Resources (2 of 2) [08/06/ :05:49 a.m.]

3 Potato Disease Management Recommendations Disease Management Recommendations Seedpiece Decay, Seedborne Diseases, and Blackleg Early Blight Late Blight Scab Verticillium Wilt Rhizoctonia Canker Fusarium Dry Rot Viral diseases and Purple-top Wilt (Aster Yellows) Root Rot and Lesion Nematodes Diseases Insects Weeds Seedpiece Decay, Seedborne Diseases, and Blackleg Treat seed with captan, maneb, mancozeb, or TOPS 2.5D fungicides prior to planting Store seed at a temperature of approximately 40F during the winter. In spring, warm the seed to 65 to 70F for two weeks prior to cutting. Avoid busing of the seed during handling. Plant whole seed where possible Early blight Avoid droughty, wet, or compacted soils, and other conditions (such as insufficient nitrogen) that might add undue stress to the crop and increase the susceptibility to early blight Apply Bravo, Terranil, or Echo Apply at 3/4 to 1.5 pt. per acre for flowable (F) formulations. Begin applications at or before first flowering, and repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals. Start with the low rate before vines close, then increase rate after vine closure. 0 day PHI. OR Apply Dithane, Manzate, Penncozeb or Manex II Apply at 1 to 2 lb. per acre for dry formulations. Begin applications at or before first flowering, and repeat on a 5 to 10 day spray interval. 14 day PHI. (1 of 3) [08/06/ :05:58 a.m.]

4 Potato Disease Management Recommendations OR Apply Rovral Apply at 1 to 2 lb. per acre for the dry formulation, or 1 to 2 pt. per acre for the flowable formulation. Make up to 4 applications on a 10 to 14 day spray interval. 0 day PHI. Late Blight Destroy all potato cull piles. Apply Ridomil Gold Bravo Apply at 2 lb. per acre. Begin applications when conditions are favorable for disease, but before infection, or at the first substantiated report of late blight in the area. Make up to 3 applications on a 14 day spray interval. 14 day PHI OR Apply Bravo, Terranil, or Echo Apply at 3/4 to 1.5 pt. per acre for flowable (F) formulations. Use at 7 to 10 day intervals during cool wet weather. Start with the low rate before vines close, then increase rate after vine closure. 0 day PHI. OR Apply Dithane, Manzate, Penncozeb or Manex II Apply at 1 to 2 lb. per acre for dry formulations. Begin applications at or before first flowering, and repeat on a 5 to 10 day spray interval. 14 day PHI. Scab Plant resistant varieties. Follow a 3 to 4 year crop rotation schedule Maintain high moisture levels (near field capacity) during tuber set and enlargement. Do not apply manure or other organic matter immediately before planting. Avoid excessive liming and maintain an acidic soil ph. Verticillium Wilt Use wilt resistant varieties Employ at least a 2 year rotation with small grains to manage fungus populations in the soil Good weed control also is important in reducing pathogen populations. Rhizoctonia Canker (2 of 3) [08/06/ :05:58 a.m.]

5 Potato Disease Management Recommendations Practice a 3 year crop rotation. Avoid deep planting. Apply Terrachor as a soil treatment Fusarium Dry Rot Store healthy, sound, unbruised mature tubers. Maintain a proper storage environment. Cure potatoes in storage at 60F before lowering temperature. Provide adequate ventilation. Apply Mertect 340-F Treat tubers as they go into storage. Apply uniformly as a fine mist. Viral Diseases and Purple-top wilt (Aster yellows) Plant only certified seed. Control aphids and leafhoppers with insecticides. Practice clean cultivation. Rogue first infected plants including tubers. Root Rot and Lesion Nematodes Sample fields during growing season for plant parasitic nematodes before planting to potatoes. Avoid fields with high numbers of root-knot and/or lesion nematodes Fumigate soil with Methyl bromide, Sodium methyl dithiocarbamate, or Vydate L Methyl bromide an sodium methyl dithiocarbamate give the best results when nematode populations are moderate to high. Vydate provides adequate control when nematode populations are low to moderate. Newsletter Ask An Expert Extension Educators Related Links Home Fruits & Vegetables Field Crops Structural & Public Health Issues Landscape Pest Management Other Resources (3 of 3) [08/06/ :05:58 a.m.]

6 Insect Pest Management for Commercial Crops Diseases Insects Weeds Table 2. Minimum Preharvest Intervals (in Days) of Common Insecticides Registered for Use on (Potato) Vegetables Insecticides Intervals Insecticides Intervals acephate (Orthene)... imidacloprid (Admire, Provado) 7 azadirachtin (Align, Neemix) 0 *lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior)... *azinphosmethyl (Guthion) 7 lindane (Isotox)... Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai 0 malathion (Cythion) 0 Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki 0 metaldehyde X Bacillus thuringiensis san diego 0 *methamidophos (Monitor) 14 carbaryl (Sevin) 0 *methomyl (Lannate) 6 *carbofuran (Furadan) 14 methoxychlor 0 chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)... *methyl parathion (Penncap-M) 5 cryolite (Kryocide)... naled (Dibrom)... *cyfluthrin (Baythroid)... *oxamyl (Vydate) 7 *cypermethrin (Ammo)... *permethrin (Ambush, Pounce) 7 diazinon (D-Z-N) 35 *phorate (Thimet) P dicofol (Kelthane)... potassium salt soap (M-Pede) 0 dimethoate 0 pyrethrins plus PBO 0 disulfoton (Di-Syston) 30 rotenone 1 endosulfan (Thiodan) 1 *tefluthrin (Force)... *esfenvalerate (Asana) 7 *terbufos (Counter)... *ethoprop (Mocap) P thiodicarb (Larvin)... *fonofos (Dyfonate) P trichlorfon (Dylox, Proxol)... Preharvest intervals (PHI) listed are minimums; at maximum application rates, the PHI for some products is greater than the period indicated here. Additional restrictions (limiting the total number of applications or restricting the use of treated plants for livestock feed) may also apply. S = apply to seeds or seedlings only; P = apply at or before planting or as early season sidedress according to label; X = preharvest interval not specified;.... = not registered for use on this crop. *Use restricted to certified (licensed) applicators Illinois Agricultural Pest Management Handbook Newsletter Ask An Expert Extension Educators Related Links Home Fruits & Vegetables Field Crops Structural & Public Health Issues Landscape Pest Management Other Resources [08/06/ :06:14 a.m.]

7 Insect Pest Management for Commercial Vegetable Crops Diseases Insects Weeds Colorado potato beetle; cutworms; flea beetles; potato leafhopper (NHE-22) Colorado potato beetle; cutworms; flea beetles; potato leafhopper (NHE-22) Potato Insecticide Rates and Guidelines Populations of Colorado potato beetle are resistant to one or more insecticides in most areas. Field kits for detecting insecticide resistance are available from Michigan State University. Contact the University of Illinois Department of Crop Sciences at (217) for infor- mation. If registered insecticides fail to give control, switch to another insecticide class. Rotate crops to delay infestations. Suggested thresholds for potato pests: Colorado potato beetle--for spring adults on young plants, 20 to 30% defoliation or, more conservatively, 2 adults per plant. Summer larvae and summer adults, during bloom, 5 to 10% defoliation, 5 larvae per plant, or 3 to 5 adults per plant. Cutworms and loopers--for summer foliage feeding, prebloom, 4 per foot of row; postbloom, 8 per foot of row. Green peach aphid--30 per 100 leaves. Potato aphid--50 per 100 leaves. Potato leafhopper--2 adults per sweep or 1 adult per sweep plus 15 nymphs per 25 leaves. Tarnished plant bug (Lygus bug)--1 per sweep. Miscellaneous defoliators--20% defoliation at flowering; more damage is tolerable before and after bloom. imidacloprid (Admire) 0.18 to 0.31 lb Apply at planting to seed pieces in seed furrow or according to label as a bedding, sidedress, or hilling application. Rate varies with row spacing. *phorate (Thimet G) 2 to 3 lb 90 days. Place at side(s) of row at planting, but not in direct contact with seed pieces. Low rate on light soils; high rate on heavier soils; do not use on muck soils. Not labeled for cutworms. Also aids in aphid control. *oxamyl (Vydate) 2 to 4 lb In seed furrow at planting in a minimum of 20 gal water/acre. imidacloprid (Provado) 0.5 to 1 lb 7 days. Foliar spray. (1 of 3) [08/06/ :06:20 a.m.]

8 Insect Pest Management for Commercial Vegetable Crops carbaryl (Sevin) 0.05 lb 7 days. Allow at least 7 days between applications. Do not exceed 0.2 lb a.i./acre/season. Do not use Provado as a foliar spray if Admire was used at planting. *permethrin (Ambush, 2 lb (4 lb for 0 days. Pounce) cutworms) *esfenvalerate (Asana) 0.05 to 0.2 lb 7 days. Do not exceed 2.4 lb a.i./acre/season. *carbofuran (Furadan) 0.03 to 0.05 lb 7 days. Do not exceed 0.35 lb a.i./acre/season. methoxychlor 0.5 to 1 lb 14 days. Do not apply more than 8 times per season. Not labeled for cutworms. endosulfan (Thiodan) 0.5 to 1 lb 0 days. phosmet (Imidan) 0.5 to 1 lb 1 day. Do not exceed 6 applications or 6 lb a.i./acre/season. Bacillus thuringiensis san diego (= Bt tenebrionis) (Foil, M-Trak, Novodor) rotenone rotenone cryolite (Kryocide and others) 1 lb 7 days. For machine-harvested fields only. Follow label directions. 0 days. For Colorado potato beetle only. These strains of Bt kill only the early larval stages; they will not kill adults. 1 day. For Colorado potato beetle and flea beetles. Follow label directions. 10 to 12 lb 0 days. Do not exceed 96 lb/acre/season. Aphids imidacloprid (Provado) 0.05 lb 7 days. Allow at least 7 days between applications. Do not exceed 0.2 lb a.i./acre/season. Do not use Provado as a foliar spray if Admire was used at planting. dimethoate 0.25 to 0.5 lb 0 days. Also controls leafhoppers. *methomyl (Lannate) 0.45 to 0.9 lb 6 days. Also controls leafhoppers and flea beetles. *methamidophos (Monitor) 0.75 to 1 lb 14 days. Also controls Colorado potato beetle, potato leafhopper, and flea beetles. endosulfan (Thiodan) 0.5 to 1 lb 1 day. Do not exceed 6 applications or 6 lb a.i./acre/season. *oxamyl (Vydate) 0.5 to 1 lb 7 days. Foliar spray. (2 of 3) [08/06/ :06:20 a.m.]

9 Insect Pest Management for Commercial Vegetable Crops insecticidal soap (M-Pede) 1.25 fl oz 49% concentrate/50 gal water (see comments) 0 days. Use sufficient spray to wet all infested plant surfaces. Rotate sprays or rinse foliage to avoid more than 3 consecutive sprays. Must contact aphids to be effective. Blister beetles (NHE-72) Wireworms (NHE-43) and white grubs (NHE-23) carbaryl (Sevin) 0.5 to 1 lb 0 days. rotenone Follow label directions. 1 day. *phorate (Thimet G) 2 to 3 lb 90 days. Place at side(s) of row at planting, but not in direct contact with seed pieces. Low rate on light soils; high rate on heav- ier soils; do not use on muck soils. Dyfonate and Mocap also are labeled for wireworm control but not for white grubs. *Use restricted to certified (licensed) applicators only. ***The information in this section is provided for educational purposes only. Product trade names have been used for clarity, but reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the University of Illinois; discrimination is not intended against any product. The reader is urged to exercise caution in making purchases or evaluating product information. Label registrations can change at any time. Thus the recommendations in the chapter may become invalid. The user must read carefully the entire, most recent label and follow all directions and restrictions. Purchase only enough pesticide for the current growing season Illinois Agricultural Pest Management Handbook Newsletter Ask An Expert Extension Educators Related Links Home Fruits & Vegetables Field Crops Structural & Public Health Issues Landscape Pest Management Other Resources (3 of 3) [08/06/ :06:20 a.m.]

10 Cucurbit Disease Management Recommendations Diseases Insects POTATO Preemergence Dacthal (DCPA) Dual (metolachlor) Eptam (EPTC) Lexone or Sencor (metribuzin) Linex or Lorox (linuron) Prowl (pendimethalin) Treflan, others(trifluralin) 1 to 2 pt of HFP Postemergence Lexone or Sencor (metribuzin) Poast (sethoxydim) 6 to 14 lb of 75WP Apply at planting, drag-off, or lay-by. 1.5 to 3 pt of 8EC Apply preemerge, incorporated, or at lay-by. Do not use on muck soils. 3.5 to 7 pt of 7EC Incorporate immediately after applying. The variety Superior is sensitive. 0.6 to 1.33 lb of Make a single application prior to emergence. 75DF 1.5 to 2.5 pt of 4L, Apply after planting but before potato emergence. or 1 to 4 lb of Plant ³seed² 2 in. deep. 50WP or 50DF 1.2 to 3.6 pt of Incorporate lightly. Do not use on muck soils. 3.3EC Apply after planting and incorporate uniformly. 0.5 to 1 pt of 4L, or 0.3 to 0.67 lb of 75DF Do not use on smooth-skinned white or redskinned potatoes. Apply only if 3 successive days of sun have occurred prior to application. Apply before weeds are 1 in. tall. 1 to 2.5 pt of 1.5EC Use crop oil concentrate, 2 pt per acre. Maximum of 5 pt Poast per acre per season. 30-day preharvest interval. Stale seedbed Gramoxone Extra> 2 to 3 pt See discussion of reduced-tillage systems. Roundup Ultra (glyphosate) 1.5 to 3 qt See discussion of reduced-tillage systems Newsletter Ask An Expert Extension Educators Related Links Home Fruits & Vegetables Field Crops Structural & Public Health Issues Landscape Pest Management Other Resources [08/06/ :06:29 a.m.]

ROOT CROPS. 3-4 year crop rotation.

ROOT CROPS. 3-4 year crop rotation. ROOT CROPS VARIETIES Parsnips: Radishes: SPACING Parsnips: Radishes: FERTILIZING Ruby Queen, Crosby Greentop, Red Ace, Asgrow Wonder, Rosette. Imperator: Premium, First Class, Avenger, Apache, Condor,