Japanese Beetle Control Options

Transcription

1 Japanese Beetle Control Options March 13, 2018 Tracy Hueppelsheuser, B.C. Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford

2 BC estimated timeline: Go below frost line in winter and don t feed at cool temps (what if it doesn t freeze? just feeds slower) Larvae Feed in April-May, upper 5 cm Pupate in May- June Eggs laid mid July onwards Adults emerge late June and July (live 4-6 weeks). Eggs Hatch and larvae feed in upper 5 cm until too cool, then go down Worst larval damage: fall and spring Minnesota 2

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4 Japanese Beetles: adults feed on foliage (August 5) Beetles are attracted to plant volatiles (includes terpenoids) released by distressed plants so beetles aggregate on these plants 4

5 Adult beetle s favorite plant in David Lam Park: Persicaria In Knotweed family Close up of feeding on leaf by beetles 5

6 Adult Beetle Hosts: Over 300 species fed on: Attacks Ornamentals Nursery stock Tree fruit Small fruit Field crops: corn Persicaria sp. And other Polygonaceae Some plants (flowers and foliage) are toxic to beetles: geranium, castorbean, bottlebrush-buckeye Commonly Attacked Japanese Maple Norway Maple Prunus spp. Malus spp. Grape Small Fruit Virginia Creeper Rose Elderberry Rubus spp. i.e. Blackberry

7 Larval Damage Feed on roots reducing the plants intake of water and nutrients Patches of brown dead grass, may feel spongy and be easily pulled away Slide from CFIA Plant Health Survey Unit

8 Larval Hosts Wide variety of plant roots ornamental, shrubs, garden crops Preferred turf grasses Perennial Ryegrass Kentucky Bluegrass Tall Fescues Bentgrass Favorite! (David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org)

9 How to tell the Scarab grubs apart? Look at larvae butts!! Chafer-sz87sw.pdf 9

10 From: Turfgrass Insects of the US and Canada, color plate 28. Can you find the Japanese Beetle? 10

11 From: Turfgrass Insects of the US and Canada, color plate 28. EC JB 11

12 Climatic limits as control tools? Dry summers in California likely contributed to the multiple successful eradications need moisture for eggs to develop Cool wet spring: higher spring larvae mortality Can survive down to -9.4 o C soil temp in winter Larvae go down as deep as needed to avoid freezing If it isn t freezing they don t need to go down or stop feeding 12

13 Japanese beetle trap used by CFIA Primarily used for surveillance, but: Traps will collect beetles out of the environment, preventing them from reproducing. Can Mass Trapping remove enough beetles to aid in decreasing the population? Maybe: Depends on the population levels How attractive the lures are How far apart traps are Will concentrate and gather up beetles 13

14 Irrigation? Cultural practices Dry summers and locations cause mortality. Good drainage Soil/sod/media? Larvae do best in natural soil, not potting media. 14

15 Plant Choice May not be practical, as there is a huge list of host plants that adults will feed on. Larvae do best in moist turf, so grass areas are at highest risk of damage if they are irrigated through July and August. However, well managed turf can withstand a few grubs feeding (similar to Chafer) so it might be hard to see any damage while scouting at sites like these 15

16 Biocontrol/Microbials Bacillus thuringiensis galleriae, GrubGone and BeetleGone (Not yet registered in Canada) Other entomopathogens (i.e. metarhizium?, Milky disease, Bacillus popilliae) Beneficial arthropods, parasitic wasps Egg predation by ants and other generalists Predatory nematodes, Steinernema, Hb, suppressive effect on larvae, spring or fall applications All only suppressive at varying levels 16

17 Insecticides Search Japanese Beetle on Canadian labels: 52 hits Not all are suitable for potential use for our issue: Not the right crop/use site, Would prefer not to use certain chemical groups for our issue Some will be unavailable soon or already are (i.e. re-evaluation decision)

18 Grub control (soil drench) Group 1, Carbamates: quite effective on scarab grubs at moderate rates. i.e. Sevin, Grub-Out (carbaryl) Works by contacting the grub Good on both big and small grubs Group 4, Neonicotinoids: highly effective on scarab grubs at very low rates. i.e. Merit (imidacloprid), Arena (clothianadin) Works by contacting the grub, and Plant takes up insecticide and then is toxic to root-feeding larvae. Best on small larvae, that are actively feeding Group 28, Diamides: very effective on scarab grubs at very low rates. i.e. Acelepryn (chloranthraniliprole) Works when the insect eats the insecticide (ingesting soil when feeding) Best on small larvae, that are actively feeding Can use more than 1 app/year 1 app /year 1 app / year 18

19 Acelepryn Chloranthraniliprole Novel mode of action, Group 28. Registered in Canada (2009/10) Turf pests on label: Japanese beetle, European Chafer, cutworm, etc. Reduced risk: US EPA and PMRA Low toxicity, safe on non-target organisms birds, honey bees, mammals, fish and other aquatics. 19

20 Comparisons of turf insecticides: Low mammalian toxicity & very low rates Product Active ingredient (ai) Grams ai / 100 LD 50 m 2 dermal, mg/kg LD 50 oral, mg/kg Merit Imidacloprid Quali-Pro Imidacloprid Arena clothianadin > Acelepryn Chlorantraniloprole >5000 >5000 All rates and products: Less that a teaspoon of product for 10 m x 10 m area 20

21 Adult beetle control (foliar on plants where beetles are seen) Group 28 (diamides): Exirel, (cyantraniliprole): fruit crops, berries, and JB Altacor (chlorantraniliprole): fruit crops, grapes, berries and JB Group 4: (neonics): Calypso (thiocloprid): tree fruit and JB Group 3 (pyrethroids): Pyrethrins, domestic and commercial labels Permethrin (Pounce): ornamental plants but no JB on label Group 1: (carbamates): Sevin (carbaryl) (domestic and commercial) 21

22 Adult beetle control (foliar on plants where beetles are seen) Group 28 (diamides): Exirel, (cyantraniliprole): fruit crops, berries, and JB Altacor (chlorantraniliprole): fruit crops, grapes, berries and JB All the newer products are only registered on fruit crops!! Group 4: (neonics): Calypso (thiocloprid): tree fruit and JB Group 3 (pyrethroids): Pyrethrins, domestic and commercial labels Permethrin (Pounce): ornamental plants but no JB on label Group 1: (carbamates): XX Sevin (carbaryl) (domestic and commercial) re-evaluation 22

23 There are options to incorporate into a JB program. Cultural (irrigation management, drainage) Chemical (adults and larvae) Behavioural (traps) Mechanical (pick and destroy beetles! public? like a weed pull.) Survey (watch for new detections) Reporting new detections (engage the public) 23

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26 Chlorantraniliprole Cyantraniliprole 26

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