Package of Practices for Sugarcane (Suru Crop)

Transcription

1 Package of Practices for Sugarcane (Suru Crop) 1. Crop Varieties : Variety Name Co CoM 0265 Co Co VSI Variety Type Midlate Midlate Early Midlate Early Time of sowing Jan-Feb. Jan-Feb. Jan-Feb. Jan-Feb. Jan-Feb. Seed rate (2 eye bud sets/ha) to to to to to Planting Space Planting 2 eye budded sets at cm distance in ridges and furrows separated 1.2 m apart Optimum Yield (t/ha) Crop Cycle Duration (in days) Features High cane and CCS yield, High cane and CCS Early, high sugared High yield and Early, high sugared good ratoon, moderately resistant to smut yield, excellent ratoon, resistant to smut tolerant to salt affected soil. excellent jaggary quality Year of Release Release by Institutions MPKV, Rahuri MPKV, Rahuri MPKV, Rahuri MPKV, Rahuri VSI, Pune. 2. Soil Soil Type : Medium black to deep black ph value range : 6.5 to 8.5 EC factor : Up to 1.00 Soil Texture : Loamy to clay soil Soil depth : 45 to 60 cm or more

2 3. Ideal Climatic Requirements of Crop: Germination Vegetative Growth Ripening Temperature suited for o C o C o C Humidity % % % Rainfall Low Abundant Dry (The crop can be grown in areas receiving annual rainfall of 500 to 1500 mm) Season Suru season crop (Jan.-Feb. Planting) Altitude Up to 1000 m Sunshine hours hrs hrs hrs. 4. Crop Seed: Local Seed Name : Oosaache bene Seed Treatment Chemical : Carbendazim and Dimethoate or Malathion Method of seed Treatment : Dipping sets for 10 min in 100 g Carbendazim ml Dimethoate or Malathion in 100 lit. water Type of Seed : Two eye budded sets Availability of Seed : Certified seed from Research station, KVKs, Sugar factories, etc. Seed inoculation : Dipping sets for 30 min in 10 kg Acetobacter kg PSB in 100 lit. water/ha Seed Storage : Fresh cut seed should be used for planting. Seed Certification Status : Nucleus and Breeders seed produced at CSRS, Padegaon and VSI, Pune, Certified and foundation seed produced at factories, KVKs and certified seed at progressive farmers fields. 5. Sowing Practices: Planting Pattern : Ridges and furrows Method of Planting : Planting 2 eye budded sets in soil (either dry or wet planting) Irrigation Required for Planting: Required (10 cm depth) Land Preparation : 2 cross ploughings, clod crushing, harrowing, leveling and preparing ridges and furrows Depth of Planting : 5 cm Crop Rotation : Green manuring with sunhemp or dhaincha and rotation with soybean, gram, mung, etc.

3 Transplantation Methods : Planting day old single eye bud seedlings raised in polythene bags or poly trays filled with coco pit. Intercultural Operation of Crop: Gap filling, Weeding- 6-8 weeks, Light earthing up weeks, Final earthing up weeks. 6. Weed Control: Weed Name Hariyali Lavala Parthenium and others Botanical Name Cynadon dactylon Cyprus rotundus Parthenium histerophorus Local Name Harali Lavala Gajar gavat Weed Type Perennial Perennial Annual Infestation Intensity More in deep black soils More in deep black soils More in all soils Crop Growth Stage Planting to earthing up Planting to earthing up Planting to earthing up Favourable Weather Rainy season Rainy season Rainy season Conditions Manual Control Hand weeding Hand weeding Hand weeding Biological Control Zygograma beetles Chemical Control Preventive Measure Safe Usage of Chemical 7. Irrigation Time/Period in Crops: Spot application of Glyphosate 80 ml/10 L Spot application of Glyphosate 80 ml/10 L Pre-emergence- Attrataf 5kg/ha. Post-emergence- Metribuzin or 2,4-D 1.25 kg/ha Good land preparation and clean cultivation Use mask, hand gloves, spray in reverse direction, hand wash after application, etc. Irrigation Stage : Irrigated crop. Time and Amount of Irrigation : Throughout the year (Total water requirement- 250 ha cm) Frequency : Every 8-10 days in summer, days in Rainy season, days in winter Drainage System : Crop requires well drained soil as submerged conditions affect the growth and yield.

4 Water Quality : Should be safe for irrigation (EC= below 1.00 dsm -1, ph=6.5 to 8.0) Machine Required : Parshell Flume, V Notch. 8. Usage of Fertilizers in the Crop: Name of Fertilizer Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Micronutrients like FeSO 4, ZnSO 4, MnSO 4 and Borax Fertilizer Composition Urea (46 % N), Single Superphosphate (16 % P 2 O 5 ) and Muriate of Potash (60 % K 2 O) Time of Fertilization At Planting : 10% N and 50 % P 2 O 5 and K 2 O, At 6-8 weeks: 40 % N, At weeks : 10 % N and At weeks (Earthing up) : 40% N and 50 % P 2 O 5 and K 2 O Mode of Application Placement Recommended dose of Fertilizers 250:115:115 kg N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O and 25 kg FeSO 4, 20 kg ZnSO 4, 10 kg MnSO 4 and 5 kg Borax (kg per hectare)* * For variety Co 86032, apply 25 % additional dose of fertilizers. Use neem cake at 6:1 proportion with urea to avoid losses. Source of Fertilizers Not applicable Safe Usage of Fertilizers Use hand gloves, mask, apply by placement, light irrigation after application. 9. Use of Manures in the Crop: Type of Manure Time of Application Quantity of Manures (Tons per hectare) Farm Yard Manure, Compost, Vermicompost. 50 % Before second ploughing and 50 % in ridges and furrows before planting. 20 tons FYM or Compost/ha or 5 tons Vermicompost/ha. 10. Plant Protection/Pest Management in the Crop: Pest Name Early shoot borer Internode borer Wooly aphid White Grub Scientific Name Chilo infuscatellus Snellen Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner Holotrichia serrata/ Leucopholis lepidophora Local Name Khod keed Kandi keed Lokari mawa Humni

5 Pest Characteristics Moths are light straw to brownish grey in colour Moths straw colored, dark spot on forewings Development of whitish wooly appearance on 3 rd instar nymphs Infestation Intensity Up to 33 % yield loss Up to 30 % yield loss Up to 25 % yield loss, % recovery loss Crop Growth Stage Up to 4 months Cane formationharvest Nature of Damage Formation of dead Circular holes on hearts internodes Control Measure- Manual Control Measure- Chemical Control Measure- Biological Preventive Measure Remove infected shoots Spray chloropyriphos 20% lit. per lit water Use 4-5 Phule Trichocards /ha at days interval Suru planting before 15 th February Remove lower leaves at 5, 7 and 9 months Soil application of phorate kg/ha. Use 4-5 Phule Trichocards /ha at days interval Do not keep ratoon of heavily infected crop. All (July to last week of December) Sucks cell sap, development of Capnodium, interfere in photosynthesis Initially remove infected leaves and burn Soil application of phorate kg/ha or spray dimethoate ml/10 lit water. Dipha 1000 larvae/ha or 2500 larvae/ha. Set treatment, avoid ratoon, burning of trash. Grubs have C-shape, fleshy, white/grey colored body Rare to cent percent yield loss, more in ratoon crop All Feed on roots and underground portion of cane Collect beetles at evening hours below neem, Acacia, etc. trees after commencement of monsoon. Soil application of chlorantraniliprole 0.4 GR or phorate 20 kg/ha. Metarrhizium 50 g/10 lit water with compost slurry Extra ploughing, avoid ratoon in more infected crop. Safe Usage of Chemical Use mask, hand gloves, spray during morning or evening hours, hand wash after application, etc. 11. Plant Protection- Diseases of the Crop: Name of Disease Whip-Smut Grassy Shoot Rust Pokkah Boeng Local Name Kaani Gavati Waadh Tamera Veni Rog Causal Organism Fungus Phytoplasma Fungus Fungus Scientific Name of Ustilago scitaminae Sugarcane Puccinia spp. Fusarium moniliforme

6 Organism Infestation intensity More than 20 % in ratoon of susceptible variety Phytoplasma More than 2-3 % in ratoon crop % or more Sporadic occurrence Crop Growth Stage All stages Up to 4-5 months Grand growth 3-7 months crop Favourable Weather Temp. above o C Temp. above o C Hot and humid High and prolonged Conditions weather humidity after hot Symptoms of Disease Control Measure- Manual Control Measure- Chemical Growing tip converted to whip containing black teliospores Roguing of affected stools Set treatment with carbendazim 0.1 % Yellowing of leaves and veins, grassy growth, poor cane formation. Roguing affected stools. Hot water treatment of seed cane (50 o C for 1-2 hrs) or Moist Hot Air Treatment of seed cane (54 o C for 3-4 hrs). Spray of dimethoate 0.05 % for controlling insect vectors Necrotic rust pustules on leaves affecting photosynthesis. summer Chlorosis of base of top leaves, malformation of growing tip (top rot) Spray mancozeb 0.3 % (1500 g in 500 lit water/ha) Spray carbendazim 0.1 % (500 g in 500 lit water/ha Control Measure- Biological Preventive Measure Use of healthy seed from certified seed nursery. Use of healthy seed from certified seed nursery, change seed every 3 years.. Follow appropriate planting seasons Nutritional Disorders: Nutrient Name Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Micronutrients Symbol N P K Fe, Zn, Mo and Bo Deficiency Symptoms Die back of older leaves, Leaf Red and purple discolouration Yellow-orange chlorosis of Interveinal chlorosis first on blades turn light green to of tips and margins, Slender leaf borders & tips, Stalks younger leaves with leaf yellow, Short and slender leaves, Short sand slender slender, Older leaves brown margin and veins remains

7 stalks, Tips and margins of older leaves become necrotic. Remedies N application as per recommended schedule. Urea 2 % spray. stalks, Poor or no tillering P application as per recommended schedule. or "fired" Spindles distorted producing "bunched top" or "fan' appearance. K application as per recommended schedule. MOP 2 % spray. green, Under severe deficiency, growth cessation occurs with the whole plant turning necrotic. Soil application of 25 kg FeSO 4, 20 kg ZnSO 4, 10 kg MnSO 4 and 5 kg Borax per hectare through compost. Source of Nutrient Urea Single Superphosphate Muriate of potash FeSO 4, ZnSO 4, MnSO 4 and Borax Application Mode Soil application or foliar spray Soil application Soil application or foliar spray Soil application or foliar spray 13. Harvesting Operations: Harvesting Season : February-March months Harvesting Symptoms : After attaining brix reading of cane juice to 20.0 Harvesting Time : After months Mode of Harvesting : Manual cutting or Use of sugarcane harvester. Threshing : Milling in sugar factory Time of Threshing : Not applicable Machine Required : Sugarcane harvester, Sugar factory machinery.