4/7/2016. Turf Selection. Matt Elmore, Ph.D. Growth Habit. Bunch Type

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1 4/7/2016 Turf Selection Matt Elmore, Ph.D. Stolon Rhizome Growth Habit Bunch Type 1

Turf Selection Overview Warm-season Species Cool-season Species Bahiagrass Annual ryegrass Bermudagrass Creeping bentgrass Buffalograss Fine fescue Centipedegrass Kentucky bluegrass Seashore Paspalum

Augustinegrass Tall fescue Zoysiagrass Turf Selection Overview Warm-Season Turf Species Strengths Weaknesses Bahiagrass Rapid growth, low N use, drought Shade, salts, mowing frequency, lack of

2 Turf Selection Overview Warm-season Species Cool-season Species Bahiagrass Annual ryegrass Bermudagrass Creeping bentgrass Buffalograss Fine fescue Centipedegrass Kentucky bluegrass Seashore Paspalum Perennial ryegrass St. Augustinegrass Tall fescue Zoysiagrass Turf Selection Overview Warm-Season Turf Species Strengths Weaknesses Bahiagrass Rapid growth, low N use, drought Shade, salts, mowing frequency, lack of density Bermudagrass Heat, drought, traffic, disease Shade Buffalograss Drought, Low input Disease, moisture, traffic, fertilization, weeds Centipedegrass Low input Traffic, salts, high ph, shade Seashore Paspalum Salts, traffic Cold, shade St. Augustinegrass Shade Traffic, cold Zoysiagrass Heat, drought, shade, moderate Thatch, recovery rate traffic, cold, low input (Z. matrella spp.) Prepared by Dr. Casey Reynolds Cool season species are not typically suited for Texas environments due to Low water use efficiency Low nitrogen use efficiency Ideal temperature range of o F High disease incidence Can lack rhizomatous and/or stoloniferous growth habits which allow them to recover from stresses associated with drought, pests, traffic, etc. Bermudagrass Bermudagrass 2

Bermudagrass Hybrid Common Bermuda Lower mowing, more inputs Hardy, can be

establish Tolerant to a wide ph range Respond readily to N fertilizer Tifway 419

Glen Burton in 1960 Cynodon dactylon x Cynodon transvaalensis Cynodon dactylon

texture 18 chromosomes Texturf-10 Bermuda Released by Texas Agriculture

3 Bermudagrass Hybrid Common Bermuda Lower mowing, more inputs Hardy, can be seeded Bermuda Bermuda Bermudagrass Excellent heat and drought tolerance Easy to establish Tolerant to a wide ph range Respond readily to N fertilizer Tifway 419 Released by Dr. Glen Burton in 1960 Cynodon dactylon x Cynodon transvaalensis Cynodon dactylon heat, drought, disease tolerance 36 chromosomes Cynodon transvaalensis fine texture 18 chromosomes Texturf-10 Bermuda Released by Texas Agriculture Experiment Station in 1957 More dense than common bermudagrass, less dense than Tifway 419 Latitude 36, Northbridge Cold tolerance Celebration Shade tolerance Bermuda 3

4 Seeded Bermudas Yukon, Riviera Seeded Cold tolerance Rapid greenup in spring Bermudagrass TifTuf (Experimental DT-1) Drought Tolerant Developed at UGA Good traffic tolerance St. Augustine Weakness Cold tolerance Strength Amerishade Common Raleigh Floratam DelMar Palmetto St. Augustine St. Augustine Gardenality.com Disease 4

5 Weakness Chinch Bug Injury St. Augustine TamStar (Experimental DALSA 0605) Drought Tolerant Interploid Hybrid Diploid x Polyploid St. Augustine TamStar (Experimental DALSA 0605) Field Response to Drought Stress Starting July 20, days with 0.65 rain and Av. Tmax = 95⁰ F Diploid Texture, color, adapted for Southern U.S. X African Polyploid Drought tolerance, insect, disease resistance. Photo: September 09, Drought Tolerance TamStar Floratam TamStar Floratam Raleigh Palmetto 31 days of dry-down in Dallas, TX Raleigh Palmetto 42 days of dry-down in Dallas, TX 5

6 Response to Freezing Temperatures December 11, August 2014 Freezing Tolerance Floratam TamStar Raleigh April 15th April 30th May 19th TamStar Breeders Field-Dallas 31 2 years no-maintenance no supplemental irrigation, no fertilizer application, and exposure to freezing temperatures TamStar Highly Tolerant to Gray Leaf Spot Disease TamStar Shows Antixenosis (reduced fecundity) Form of Resistance to Southern Chinch Bugs Field conditions Growth chamber: Detached Stolon Assay HS Highly susceptible S Susceptible MS Moderatly susceptible R Resistant HR Highly resistant TamStar First Interploid Hybrid Commercially Available Allan Wittig s Farm Buffalograss Commercially Available in late 2016 Drought Resistance High tolerance to Gray Leaf Spot Suppression of Southern Chinch Bugs (Antixenosis) Reasonable freezing tolerance Fewer seedhead production Highly Sterile little to no off types Likes higher height, needs N 6

7 Strength High Soil Moisture Drought tolerance Twogreenkayaks.com Weakness Centipedegrass Decline Centipedegrass Probably not related to a fungal pathogen Nematodes ph above 6.0 (iron chlorosis) Thatch problem Waterlogged soil Drought stress Too much Nitrogen Performs best in well-drained, acidic soils A very low input grass 0-2 pounds of N per year 7

8 4/7/2016 Zoysia Strength Zoysia Weakness Density even with limited fertilizer Slow growing, vegetative estab. Zoysia Matrella Type Japonica Type Slightly better shade tolerance Better cold, drought tolerance Zoysia Japonica Type Traffic Tolerance Sumtersod.com Zoysia Zoysia Matrella Type Matrella Type Can be mowed low Should be mowed low 8

4/7/2016 Zoysia Large Patch Weakness Dormant Color Zoysia

JaMur El Toro Empire Crowne Has functional benefit on Athletic

Useful if there are many events in winter/spring Seed Fertilizer

9 4/7/2016 Zoysia Large Patch Weakness Dormant Color Zoysia Matrella Type Japonica Type Zeon Zorro Cavalier Emerald Palisades JaMur El Toro Empire Crowne Has functional benefit on Athletic Fields Not Cheap! Useful if there are many events in winter/spring Seed Fertilizer Mowing Irrigation Transition herbicide Fungicide? Improves wear tolerance in winter/spring Provides a more playable surface 9

Annual Rye Germinates and grows most rapidly Perennial Rye Germinates and grows fairly rapidly Intermediate Rye Traits of both

green color fine texture Does not transition as well Color and texture may be suitable for many athletic fields Transitions

October, depending on schedule Rate: 6 to 20 pounds per 1000ft 2 Depends on budget and expectations Can overseed multiple

10 Annual Rye Germinates and grows most rapidly Perennial Rye Germinates and grows fairly rapidly Intermediate Rye Traits of both annual and perennial ryegrass Coarse texture, light green color Transitions well Not usually suited for athletic fields Darker green color fine texture Does not transition as well Color and texture may be suitable for many athletic fields Transitions better than perennial ryegrass Turf Type Annual Panterra, Barenbrug SOS Blends Timing Prior to Overseeing Early to mid October, depending on schedule Rate: 6 to 20 pounds per 1000ft 2 Depends on budget and expectations Can overseed multiple times throughout winter 4 to 6 weeks before Aerway or Vertical Mowing Aerway or Vertical Mowing Within 1 week before Within 1 week before 10

Apply Seed Irrigate Uniformity is important!

com Mowing Fertilization Do not fertilize bermudagrass heavily

pull lightly on the leaf blade and it does not come up.

11 Apply Seed Irrigate Uniformity is important! Go two directions diynetwork.com Mowing Fertilization Do not fertilize bermudagrass heavily before overseeding Generally 0.5 to 1.0 lbs of N per month Depends on use. Can apply more in higher traffic areas Can begin as soon as you pull lightly on the leaf blade and it does not come up. Sharp blades Quick-Release Nitrogen Water-soluble Ammonium sulfate Ammonium nitrate Diammonium phosphate Urea Slow-Release Nitrogen Sulfur/poly-coated Inexpensive form of slow-release 11

12 Final Thought If you have not overseeded before, please consult additional resources before beginning an overseeding program. Photosynthesis Transpiration Salinitymanagement.org Impact Utah State: Survey Golf Irrigation Efficiency 80-88% Impact > 1.6 million acres 50 % ~120,000 acres 12

13 Turf is the Largest Irrigated Crop Overwatering Diseases Thatch Weeds Shallow Roots Overwatering Diseases Thatch Weeds Shallow Roots Drought Tolerance High Low Species Bermudagrass, Buffalograss Zoysiagrass (Z. japonica) Bahiagrass St. Augustinegrass Zoysiagrass (Z. matrella) Centipedegrass Underwatering Underwatering 13

14 4/7/2016 SAWS Study 2007 and 2008 San Antonio 60 Days No Water Water 20 days with no water Water 47 days after water returned Stolon Where recuperative capactity comes from 14

15 4/7/2016 Rhizome Where recuperative capactity comes from Reality of Irrigation Drought tolerance 12% x ETo Footprinting purdueturftips.blogspot.com 24% x ETo 36% x ETo 48% x ETo 60% x ETo B. Wherley Grasses can tolerate less-than-optimal irrigation amounts How much water? Tritexgrass.com 15

16 Visit the NEW aggieturf.tamu.edu 16

Warm Season Turfgrasses for North Texas

Warm Season Turfgrasses for North Texas Warm Season Turfgrasses for North Texas You may think that all grass in North Texas neighborhoods is just that grass. It s green, you mow it, you water it. It s