S4O2 Study Guide (38 questions 46 minutes to complete no essay or true or false all multiple choice) Wednesday November 4th

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1 S4O2 Study Guide (38 questions 46 minutes to complete no essay or true or false all multiple choice) Wednesday November 4th 1.A white mouse whose parents are both white produces only brown offspring when mated with a brown mouse. The white mouse is most probably? 2.In chickens, rose comb (R) is dominant to single comb (r). A homozygous rose-combed rooster is mated with a single-combed hen. All of the chicks in the F 1 generation were kept together as a group for several years. They were allowed to mate only within their own group. What is the expected phenotype of the F 2 chicks? 3.In mink, brown fur color is dominant to silver-blue fur color. If a homozygous brown mink is mated with a silver-blue mink and 8 offspring are produced, how many would be expected to be silver-blue? 4.The diagram the Figure shows a diploid cell with two homologous pairs of chromosomes. Due to independent assortment, the possible allelic combinations that could be found in gametes produced by the meiotic division of this cell are. 5.Using the Figure, which process would result in the formation of chromosome C from chromosomes A and B? 6.What is the genotype of generation 1 in the Figure? 7.What fraction of this cross will be recessive for both traits?

2 8.In Figure, which set of chromatids illustrates the result of a single crossover of the homologous chromosomes? 9.In Figure, which set of chromatids will result if each chromatid crossed with a nonsister chromatid? 10.Which event during meiosis leads to a reduction in chromosome number from 2n to n? 11.Crossing over would most likely occur during which stage of the cell cycle? 12.Which is the best description of the events that take place during anaphase II? 13.What is the role of the spindle fibers? 14.The typical human body cell contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are found in a typical human sperm? 15.Suppose an animal is heterozygous AaBb, and the traits are not linked. When meiosis occurs, what is the total number of possible combinations of gametes that can be made for these traits? 16.Suppose an animal is heterozygous AaBbCc, and the traits are not linked. When meiosis occurs, what is the total number of possible combinations of gametes that can be made for these traits? 17.During which phase of meiosis do homologous pairs of chromosomes line up next to one another along the equator? 18.Which stage of meiosis is responsible for the law of independent assortment? 19.A true-breeding tall pea plant is crossed with a true-breeding short pea plant, and all the offspring are tall. What is the most likely genotype of the offspring assuming a single-gene trait? 20.In mice, black is dominant to white color and color is determined by a single gene. Two black mice are crossed. They produce 2 black offspring and one white offspring. If the white offspring is crossed with one of its parents, what percent of the offspring are expected to be white? 21.Mendel took the pollen from a tall pea plant and pollinated the flower of a short pea plant. When he did this, he removed the male parts of the flower on the short plant. Why was it important that he remove the male parts from the flower of the short plant? 22.Mendel crossed a true-breeding plant that produced green seeds with a true-breeding plant that produced yellow seeds to produce an F1 generation. The entire F1 generation produced yellow seeds. Then he crossed the F1 offspring with each other to produce the F2 generation. From the F2 generation, he counted 6022 yellow seeds.which of these is the most likely estimate of the number of green seeds he collected from the F2 generation? 23.A heterozygous organism is best described as which of these? 24.In which situation are the phenotypes of F2 offspring expected to follow the ratio of 9:3:3:1. 25.If two heterozygous individuals are crossed, what percent of their offspring are also expected to be heterozygous? 26.Two rabbits that were homozygous for both coat and eye color were crossed. The following are the phenotypes of their F2 generation. Which most strongly suggest that the genes for eye color and coat color are linked? 27.Of the following species used in agriculture, which is most likely a polyploid? 28.A geneticist crossed fruit flies to determine whether two traits are linked. The geneticist crossed a fly with blistery wings and spineless bristles (bbss) with a heterozygous fly that had normal wings and normal bristles (BbSs). Which results in the next generation would suggest these traits are linked?

29.Consider the cell labeled X in Figure containing 4 chromosomes. Which of the four cells below it represents a healthy gamete that could be produced from this cell? 30.

3 29.Consider the cell labeled X in Figure containing 4 chromosomes. Which of the four cells below it represents a healthy gamete that could be produced from this cell? 30.Which stage of meiosis is represented in Figure 10-10? Figure Refer to Figure If individual III-2 marries a person with the same genotype as individual I-1, what is the chance that one of their children will be afflicted with hemophilia? 32.What type of inheritance pattern does the trait represented by the shaded symbols in Figure 11-1 illustrate? 33.For the trait being followed in the pedigree, individuals II-1 and II-4 in Figure 11-1 can be classified as. 34.What is the relationship between individual I-1 and individual III-2 in Figure 11-1? 35.If a female fruit fly heterozygous for red eyes (X R X r ) crossed with a white-eyed male (X r Y), what percent of their offspring would have white eyes? 36.When roan cattle are mated, 25% of the offspring are red, 50% are roan, and 25% are white. Upon examination, it can be seen that the coat of a roan cow consists of both red and white hairs. This trait is one controlled by. 37.A cross between a white rooster and a black hen results in 100% blue Andalusian offspring. When two of these blue offspring are mated, the probable phenotypic ratio seen in their offspring would be?

Figure 11-2 38.What is the probable mode of inheritance for the normal trait in Figure 11-2? 39.Based on Figure 11-2, what do you know about individual III-2's mother? 40.

4 Figure What is the probable mode of inheritance for the normal trait in Figure 11-2? 39.Based on Figure 11-2, what do you know about individual III-2's mother? 40.According to the pedigree in Figure 11-2, how many of the offspring in the III generation show the normal trait? 41.A phenotype that results from a dominant allele must have at least dominant allele(s) present in the parent(s). 42.Examine the graph in Figure 11-3, which illustrates the frequency in types of skin pigmentation in humans. Another human trait that would show a similar inheritance pattern and frequency of distribution is. Figure A man heterozygous for blood type A marries a woman heterozygous for blood type B. The chance that their first child will have type O blood is? 44.According to Figure 11-4, what is the chance that individual A will be afflicted with Huntington's? Figure What phenotype is depicted in Figure 11-5? Figure 11-5

5 46.A pea plant homozygous for the trait of smooth seeds is crossed with a pea plant that is homozygous for the trait of wrinkled seeds. The first generation produces seeds that are all smooth. What percent of the second-generation plants will have smooth seeds when the F 1 generation is self-fertilized? 47.A man s grandfather on his father s side had galactosemia. Assuming that his mother was not a carrier, what is the probability that this man is a carrier for the disorder? 48.A man with a certain syndrome marries a woman who is normal for that trait. They have 6 children, three girls and three boys. All of the girls have the same syndrome as the father whereas none of the boys is affected. Which type of heredity is not possible here? 49.Given that the dominance hierarchy of rabbit fur color alleles is C > C ch > C h, from grey to chinchilla to Himalayan, respectively, what would be the percentage of Himalayan colored rabbits from parents with C C h and C ch C h? 50.A series of plants, produced through vegetative propagation, have been planted at different altitudes. The researcher observes that the higher the altitude, the shorter the plant will grow. Please make a hypothesis to explain the results. Figure 11-6 This pedigree shows the transmission of a rare disease that is dehabilitating but not lethal. Carriers are not shown. 51.Which type of heredity does the pedigree in Figure 11-6 demonstrate? 52.For the parents III3 and III4, what would be the benefit of fetal testing? 53.The coat color in Labrador retrievers is controlled by two sets of alleles. The gene E/e determines whether the fur has pigment or not and is epistatically dominant to the gene B/b, which controls the darkness of pigment when it is there. A breeder crosses a purebred black Lab, with the genotype BBEE, and a purebred yellow Lab with the genotype bbee, producing offspring that are black. A test cross is done between these offspring and an individual with the genotype bbee. What is the expected ratio of black:chocolate:yellow? 54.Which series is arranged in order from largest to smallest in size? 55.In pea plants, inflated pods (R) are dominant to constricted pods (r). Which of the following is a cross between inflated pods and constricted pods?

6 Figure What is the genotype of the unknown rabbit in Figure 13-3? 57.What would be the result of the test cross in Figure 13-3 if the unknown were homozygous long ears? 58.What genotypes are produced by a program of inbreeding? 59.The offspring of the cross-fertilization of pea plants with purple flowers and pea plants with white flowers are called Table A researcher has been asked to develop a new strain of corn that has high oil content and low protein content. The lab has five pure-breeding varieties of corn with the characteristics shown in Table Which strains should the researcher cross to begin to reach the desired goal of the program? 61.The process by which plants are bred to produce larger fruits and a longer growing time is called 62.What is the name used to describe a cross between two varieties of a plant used in an attempt to create a new variety with traits from both parents? 63.What is the name of the method whereby developing pure lines, breeders preserve desirable traits? 64.What is the purpose of producing a line by inbreeding? 65.In a test cross, if one parent s genotype is homozygous dominant, 66.Why have viruses been used in gene therapy in humans? 67.Santa Gertrudis cattle were developed by mating shorthorn beef cattle, who produce high quality beef, with heat- and insect-resistant Brahman cattle from India. The result of this cross are cattle that are resistant to heat and insects and also produce high-quality beef. This process is an example of?

Trait: characteristics to be passed from parent to offspring. Passed on from parent to offspring by the blood, in bloodlines.

Inheritance Theory Prior to Mendel Trait: characteristics to be passed from parent to offspring Passed on from parent to offspring by the blood, in bloodlines. Gregor Mendel Father of Genetics Mendel s