To learn the concept and strategies of Integrated Pest Management.

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "To learn the concept and strategies of Integrated Pest Management."

Frank Bradley
6 years ago
Views:

1 Course Objectives: To learn the concept and strategies of Integrated Pest Management. To identify beneficial insects and help sustain them in their part to balance pest populations. To recognize common pests and apply IPM solutions

2 What is IPM? Integrated Pest Management Intelligent Pest Management Strategy to prevent and suppress pests with minimum impact on human health, the environment and non-target organisms

3 What does IPM Involve? Tactics may include: Cultural, Mechanical, Biological, and Chemical IPM stresses trying the least toxic methods first.

4 Scouting the Garden Don t wait for problems to happen. Look for symptoms and signs of pests and diseases. Check at different times of the day. Take notes on what you find. Use scouting tools: 10-15X hand lens Plastic bags collecting jar Flashlight

5 Establish tolerance level Determine how much damage you want to tolerate. Consider how much time, energy, and money you are willing to invest in pest management. Develop a pest management strategy.

6 IPM Methods for Controlling Insect Pests Number One Is Prevention

7 Make their environment unsuitable!

8 Start With Healthy Soil & Good Drainage Ask for a soil test read-out so you know what you re getting! Healthy plants can better withstand or discourage pest attacks!

9 Water and Fertilize plants correctly! Plants under stress attract many more insects! Choose pest resistant cultivars whenever possible!

10 Choose Healthy Transplants Root Bound Tree

11 Companion Planting

12 Trap crops

13 Nightshade/solanaceae Grass/poaceae Crop Rotation Convolvulacea Cucurbits/gourd Legumes Compositeae/asterace Apiaceae/parsley Mustard/Brassicas Chenopodiaceae Allium

14 Keep the Garden Clean Weeds can harbor insect pests Pick up fallen fruit

15 Mulch reduces water loss Reduces some pests Reduces weeds

16 Physical Methods of Pest Control Hand picking Spraying with water Pruning

17 Using barriers -Row covers -Plant collars *-Sticky barriers

18 *-Metal barriers *-Diatomaceous earth

19 Physical Methods Vacuuming Rototilling Trapping Colored sticky traps Pheromone/ Kairomone traps Slug traps Rolled newspapers Light traps X

20 Kaolin Clay- Surround (Barrier) Pear Inadequate Psylla Coverage Adequate Coverage Suppresses: Coddling Controls: Moth Cucumber Leafhoppers Beetles Thrips Pear psylla Leafrollers

21 Biological Methods Include using: Beneficial insects Microorganisms Vertebrates

22 Beneficial insects. Pollinators Predators Parasitoids

23 s o n Pollinators Bumble Bees Butterflies Honey Bees Mason Bees M a

24 Don t spray when bees are active on the plants (before sunrise is best)

25 Predators: Beneficial Coleoptera Lady Beetles

26 Recognize all life stages of beneficial Insects!

27 The Downey-leatherwing Soldier Beetle Predacious Ground Beetles Rove Beetles

28 Beneficial Diptera Syrphid fly (hover fly/flower fly) & larva

29 Fly egg on a stink big Tachinid fly eggs and Larva

30 Adult Immature Brochymena Oregon s Beneficial Stink Bug (Rough Stink Bug)

31 Parasitoids: Beneficial Hymenoptera Braconid wasp inserting an egg Braconid wasp pupating inside of aphid Emerging adult braconid wasp

32 Look for the presence of beneficial or parasitized Insects before spraying!

33 Trichogramma wasps Ichneumonid Wasps

34 Insects have 3 basic needs Water, Food, & Shelter

35 Cosmos emon Gem Marigold Queen Anne s Lace Plants That Attract Beneficial Insects Yarrow Alyssum

36 Nasturtium Sunflowers

37 Buckwheat, great cover crop Clover

38 Microorganisms Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) kurstaki Caterpillars israelensis Mosquito Larvae san diego Beetle Larvae -- aizawai (Bta) Wax moth larvae

39 Microorganisms Spinosad: Controls caterpillars, leaf miners, and thrips

40 Other microorganisms Beauveria bassiana (fungi) Kills aphids, thrips, and other insects, especially those with soft bodies. Granulosis virus CYD-X or Carpovirusine (Host specific) Codling moth control Infected Weevil

41 Beetle grubs Beneficial Nematodes Parasitic nematodes Attacks over 250 insects Controls root weevil larvae European Crane fly Cutworms

42 Encourage Garden Helpers Birds Chicken Tractor Turkey s Frogs & Toads

Bats Bats serve as important pollinators of

Bat prey includes flies, moths, gnats, and

43 Bats Bats serve as important pollinators of many food plants. Bats are the only major predator of night-flying insects. Bat prey includes flies, moths, gnats, and mosquitoes as their major food source. A single Big brown bat can eat between 3,000 and 7,000 mosquitoes in a night.

44 Snakes Western Rattlesnake: Garter Snakes Snakes eat insects, besides rodents, toads & lizards. Gopher snake: Oregon Red-spotted All native reptiles are suffering from habitat loss Many species are protected and it is illegal to take them out of the wild for any reason It is illegal to collect them for pet trade

45 Organic Chemical Methods Insecticidal soap Horticultural oils Botanical insecticides Molluscicides

46 Insecticidal Soaps New growth on plants my be sensitive and burn. Be careful spraying young seedlings!

47 Horticultural Oils Don t apply over 85 F or under 40 F. or during high humidity(70% ) The oil covers the target insect or mite and plugs the spiracles or pores through which it breathes.

48 Dormant Sprays This oil is Heavier. Apply when the plant is dormant. Temperatures should be over 40 F. + or

49 Botanical Insecticides Just because it s botanical doesn t mean it s less toxic!

50 Rotenone Organic Insecticide Warning: Even though this is organic, it is quite toxic! Organic insecticide - dust or spray. It is a potentially lethal toxin for aphids, cockroaches, houseflies, corn borers, Mexican bean beetles, and mosquitoes. Rotenone is a natural substance derived from several tropical and subtropical plants.

Pure powder derived from 100% chrysanthemum flowers.

51 P y r e t h r u m (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium) Pyrethrum daisy produces daisy-like flowers in red, pink, lilac and white. Pure powder derived from 100% chrysanthemum flowers. Mix with diatomaceous Earth for an even more effective kill ratio. This product is 100% organic.

Neem Oil is pressed from seeds of the Neem tree

It is non-toxic to humans, birds, mammals and

52 Neem Oil is pressed from seeds of the Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) and has been used for centuries safely and effectively against more than 200 insect pests. It is non-toxic to humans, birds, mammals and beneficial insects. Good for existing infestations and for prevention, both on contact and as a systemic.

53 Hot Pepper Spray d-limonene Eugenol:

54 Nicotine LD mg/kg Don t use this stuff!

55 Homemade Brews Distilled Water Soap, Alcohol, Ammonia

56 Synthetic Chemical Pesticides Carbaryl Deltamethrin Dimethoate Endosulfan Imidacloprid (systemic) Orthene (systemic) Malathion Cyfluthrin

57 Insect Problems You May Encounter Pantry Pests Garden & Lawn Pests

58 Pantry Pests Don t store pet food with human food!

59 Indian Meal Moth Larvae leave behind Filthy webbing Mediterranean Flour Moth

60 Saw-toothed Grain Beetle Confused Flour Beetle

61 Carpet Beetles Beetles feed on fibers and grains

62 How to Handle Pantry Pests 1. Inspect all food sources in the cupboards. These foods include anything made with grains, dried milk, dried fruit, nuts, herbs and spices. 2. Discard infested foods and freeze any of the above items in the vicinity for at least 72 hours to a week. 3. Vacuum out cupboard cracks then wipe the shelves with soap and water. Place susceptible foods in air tight containers before putting on the shelves. Traps can be used to monitor any missed pests. 4. Store animal foods in an airtight containers away from human food.

63 Common Garden Pests

64 Homopterous Insects Aphids Aphids Prevent by

65 Don t Over Fertilize With Nitrogen Get rid of weeds That harbor aphids Thistle Mustard Sp.

66 Aphids are a favorite food for many beneficial predator insects!

67 Grow Plants that Attract Beneficials

68 Controlling Aphids After They Appear 1. Manually remove/spray with a strong stream of water 2. Spray with insecticidal soap 3. Spray with neem or pyrethrin 4. Spray with endosulfan or malathion

69 Controlling Scale Insects 1. Apply Horticultural Oil 2. Use Insecticidal Soap 3. Spray Acephate or drench with imidacloprid Azalea bark scale

70 Control Whitefly with: 1. Insecticidal Soap 2. Pyrethrin or Neem 3. Endosulfan 4. Imidacloprid

71 Butterfly & Moth Larvae Leaf Rollers Skeletonizers Loopers

72 Cutworms

73 Imported Cabbage Worm

74 Corn Earworm/Tomato Fruit Worm

75 Tomato Hornworm/Sphinx Moth

76 Grow plants that attract tachinid flies, lacewings, Minute pirate bugs and beneficial wasps

77 Monitor Plants Often Hand Pick visible worms

78 Controlling Caterpillars Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Btk) Spinosad

79 Codling Moth

80 Codling moth controls Malathion Sevin Spinosad Granulosis Viruses

81 Fruit Flies Spotted Wing Drosophila Western Cherry Fruit Fly

82 Fruit Fly Control Spinosad

83 Flea beetles

84 Flea Beetle Control Chemical Solution: Sevin Organic Solution: Spinosad Pyrethrin

85 Click Beetle/Wireworm

86 Cucumber Beetles Mosaic virus

88 Cucumber Beetle Controls Row Cover Reflective Mulch Sevin Pyrethrin

89 Black vine weevil Weevil Snout Obscure Root Weevil Strawberry Root Weevil

90 Weevil Control Larval stage Best Adult Controls: Hand pick at night or Acephate Best Solution: Beneficial Nematodes Apply in the Fall

91 Borers & Bark Beetles

92 Water established non-native trees deeply every few weeks during high heat & drought! Absorbing Roots Canopy Drip Line 1 ft. 2 ft. 3 ft. Heart Roots

93 This attracts voles! Mulch to conserve moisture No more than 4 deep

94 Prune correctly and at the right time Whitewash trunks for frost crack protection Use wraps with caution!

95 Imidacloprid Drench for Borers Sevin for Bark Beetles & Borers

96 Squash Bugs

97 Stink Bugs

98 Stink bug damage on Tomatoes

99 Squash & Stinkbug Control: D.E. Sevin Pyrethrin Sevin is very toxic to bees!

100 Leaf miners

101 Best Leafminer Control: Remay Spinosad

102 Earwigs Beneficial or Bad? Earwig Damage

103 Earwig Controls: Sevin Pyrethrum 1:1 oil & Soy Sauce Trapping

104 Spider Mite Controls: 1. Insecticidal Soap 2. Horticultural Oil 3. Sulfur dust

105 Molluscicides Iron Phosphate Methaldehyde

106 Crane flies Lawn Pest Control with Sevin or Beneficial Nematodes

107 Chinch Bug Damage Chinch Bug Adult Chinch Bug Nymph Cause: Drought Conditions

108 PNW Insect Management Handbook Oregon Tilth OMRI (Organic Materials Review Institute)

109 The End

Integrated Pest Management

Integrated Pest Management Integrated Pest Management is a term used to describe an effective and environmentally sensitive approach to pest management. IPM relies on an intimate knowledge of the life