Prairie Village Fall Tree Board Seminar October 10, 2017 Prairie Village, KS

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1 Prairie Village Fall Tree Board Seminar October 10, 2017 Prairie Village, KS Pests Impacting Landscapes In Our Area Raymond A. Cloyd Professor and Extension Specialist in Horticultural Entomology/Plant Protection Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS Phone:

2 Overview: What To Expect Introduction Wood-Boring Insects Emerald Ash Borer Japanese Beetle Bagworms Rose Rosette Disease Pine Wilt Disease Questions and Discussion

3 Plants In Home Landscapes Are Susceptible To A Variety Of Insect Pests

4 Invasive Species Introduced, non-indigenous, exotic, or non-native species that adversely affect (economically, environmentally, and/or ecologically) habitats and regions they invade.

5 Invasive Insects Pest Origin Year Emerald ash borer* China 2002 Asian longhorned beetle China 1996 Gypsy moth Europe 1869 Japanese beetle* Asia/Japan 1916 Common pine shoot beetle Europe/Asia 1992 Fire ants Argentina 1929 Formosan termite East Asia 1965 Africanized honeybees Brazil 1990 Mediterranean fruit fly Africa/Topics 1929 Asian ladybird beetle* China 1916, Balsam woolly adelgid Europe 1908 West Nile Uganda 1999

6 Invasive Insects Pest Origin Year Hemlock woolly adelgid Asia 1951 Brown marmorated stink bug Asia 1998 Sirex woodwasp Europe, Africa 2005 Spotted wing drosophila* Asia 2008 Banded elm bark beetle* Asia and Russia 2003 European fire ant Europe and Asia 1986 Bagrada bug Africa 2008 Redbay ambrosia beetle Asia 2002 Kudzu bug Asia 2009 Asian needle ant Asia 1934, 2006

7 Borers (Wood-Boring Insects) Wood-Boring Beetles Wood-Boring Caterpillars Wood-Boring Wasps

8 Wood-Boring Insect: Adult And Larva

9 Galleries Caused By The Larval Stage Of Wood-Boring Insect

10 Wood-Boring Insect Galleries In Tree Branch

11 Wood-Boring Insect Larva

12 Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle

13 Wood-Boring Bark Beetles And Fungal Associations

14 Wood-Boring Insects Primarily attack stressed trees and shrubs. Volatile terpene hydrocarbons, alcohols, are emitted by recently injured or dying host (trees and shrubs) plants. Healthy trees and shrubs: Compartmentalize injury and re-establish the integrity of cambium and vascular tissue. Entomb larvae in inhospitable environment where they cannot survive (drown beetles in resin).

15 Wood-Boring Insects Prolonged drought reduces the resistance of trees and shrubs to the point where they are unable to overcome attack by bark beetles. Bark beetles overcome resistance by mass attack, which overwhelms trees and shrubs. Pheromones are released that attract both males and females of the same species. Susceptibility depends on several factors including: plant vigor and plant age.

16 Wood-Boring Beetles: * Imidacloprid * Dinotefuran * Acephate * Azadirachtin Wood-Boring Caterpillars: * Pyrethroid-based insecticides (e.g. permethrin, bifenthrin, and cyfluthrin) * Chlorantraniliprole Insecticides

17 Timing of Insecticide Applications Before females lay eggs on bark. When larvae hatch from eggs, they encounter insecticide barrier, which kills them before they can enter trees (or shrubs). After tree is already infested with larvae, and before adults emerge. When adults emerge (from the inside of the tree) they encounter insecticide barrier and are thus killed. This may alleviate problems with future generations.

18 Emerald Ash Borer Is It Time To Kiss Your Ash Goodbye?

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21 Eight Counties In Kansas Are Quarantined Due To Detection Of The Emerald Ash Borer: Wyandotte, Johnson, Leavenworth, Douglas, Jefferson, Atchison, Doniphan, And Shawnee

22 Emerald Ash Borer Larva

23 Emerald Ash Borer Larvae Feeding Tunnels In Ash Trees

24 Adult Emergence Holes Are D -Shaped

25 Isolated Branch Dieback

26 Publication: Insecticide Options For Protecting Ash Trees From Emerald Ash Borer North Central IPM Center Bulletin 2009

27 Borer Control Basal Application

28 Japanese Beetle

29 Oh No I Have Japanese Beetles in My Rose Garden!

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31 Japanese Beetle Adult Objectives: * Sex * Food * Both At The Same Time

32 Japanese Beetle Adults Feeding On Rose (Rosa spp.) Leaves

33 Japanese Beetle Adult Feeding Damage

34 Japanese Beetle Adults Inside Rose Flower

35 Japanese Beetle Feeding Damage On Rose Flower

36 Japanese Beetle Adult Feeding Damage On Linden (Tilia spp.) Tree

37 Hand-Pick Japanese Beetle Adults And Place Into Container Of Soapy Water

38 Pesticides For Japanese Beetle Acephate (Orthene) Carbaryl (Sevin) Cyfluthrin (Tempo) Esfenvalerate Imidacloprid (Merit) Napalm

39 We Do Not Recommend Using Japanese Beetle Traps!

40 Bagworm

41 Young Bagworm Caterpillar Case

42 Older Or Mature Bagworm Caterpillar Cases

43 Bagworm

44 One Years Worth Of Damage Due To Bagworms

45 Bagworm Management Remove bags by hand, especially during winter. Insecticides: Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Dipel) Chlorantraniliprole (Acelepyrn) Cyfluthrin (Tempo) Indoxacarb (Provaunt) Spinosad (Conserve) Trichlorfon (Dylox)

46 Bagworm Weekend Hand-Picking Gathering

47 Rose Rosette Disease (Virus): Background Well-known infection of roses including cultivated, native, and introduced wild rose species. First discovered in 1941 in North America. Found in Wyoming, California, Nebraska, and Manitoba (Canada). Now prevalent throughout most of the Midwest, which is likely due to the abundant plantings of Knockout roses. Casual agent responsible for the disease was initially considered a virus-like organism. However, the casual agent of the rose rosette disease is now known to be a negative-sense RNA virus: Emaravirus.

48 Rose Rosette Disease (Virus) Is Vectored By The Eriophyid Mite, Phyllocoptes fructiphilus

49 Close-Up Of Eriophyid Mite

50 Vector: Phyllocoptes fructiphilus Keifer Native to North America. Life cycle: eggs, two nymphal stages, and adult. Spindle-shaped and yellow to brown in color. 140 to 170 microns long and 50 microns wide. Has four legs on one end of the body. Located between leaf petioles and axillary buds. Adult female mites overwinter on rose canes between partly opened buds, and rose stems and petioles. In spring, mites migrate to developing shoots where females lay eggs. Females may live up to 30 days laying one egg per day. Mites may move from plant to plant by attaching to insects and they may be dispersed on wind currents. Transmission of the disease occurs from May through July with symptoms typically appearing from July through September. Drought or plant stress may impact appearance of symptoms.

51 Are Knockout Roses More Susceptible Than Other Roses? No, Knockout Roses Are Planted In Many Garden Settings Probably Too Much!

52 Typical Symptoms Of Rose Plants Infected With Rose Rosette Disease (Virus) Rapid stem elongation. Leaf distortion. Leaf reddening. Leaf chlorosis with yellow mosaic pattern. Abnormal narrow leaflets or smaller leaves than normal. Thickened stems. Premature lateral bud development. Excessive thorniness on stems. Multiple stems produced at end of branches ( witches broom appearance). Lateral growth may be larger than parent rose canes. Flower buds may abort, and opened flowers may be deformed with fewer normal petals.

53 General Symptoms Of Rose Rosette Disease (Virus)

54 Rose Displaying Symptoms Of Rose Rosette Disease (Virus)

55 Witches Broom Symptoms Exhibited On Infested Rose Plant. However, These Symptoms May Also Resemble Exposure To Glyphosate (Roundup )

56 Extension Publication Cloyd, R. A. April Rose Rosette Disease. Kansas State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. MF pages.

57 Management Options: Rose Rosette Disease (Virus) No cure for rose plants exhibiting symptoms of rose rosette disease (virus). Infected or symptomatic plants must be dug up including the roots, and disposed of immediately. The most practical and efficient solution in dealing with rose rosette disease (virus) is to completely destroy infected rose plants. Pesticides (insecticides and miticides): abamectin (Avid) bifenthrin (Talstar) carbaryl (Sevin) endosulfan (Thiodan) petroleum or mineral-based horticultural oils (dormant oils) *The use of pesticides is not recommended.

58 One Strategy That May Be Appropriate Is Applying Dormant Oil (Vol ck Oil) During Winter To Kill Overwintering Adults

59 Pine Tree Killed By Pine Wilt Disease

60 Pine Wilt Disease Scots pine is highly-susceptible. Trees >10 years old are typically killed. Pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) responsible for killing trees. Clog the xylem (water-conducting tissues), thus reducing water transport. Pine sawyer beetle (Monochamus spp.) is the insect vector, which is active at night. Pinewood nematodes are present in the trachae (breathing tubes) of adult beetles (90,000 may be present).

61 Pine Sawyer Beetle Adult: Vector Of Pine Wilt Disease

62 Pinewood Nematode: Biological Agent That Causes Plant Damage Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

63 Pine Wilt Disease Feeding wounds created by the beetles provide entry points for the pinewood nematode. Trees with pine wilt disease die very rapidly. Dying trees attract bark beetles. Tree death typically occurs in late summer through late fall. Pinewood nematodes feed on blue-stain fungi introduced by the bark beetles. Drought or any type of stress increases susceptibility to bark beetles.

64 Pine Wilt Disease Cycle

65 Management: Pine Wilt Disease Minimal management strategies are available. Avoid planting Scots and Austrian pine. Implement proper cultural practices to keep trees healthy. Sanitation: Remove dead pines immediately. Do not store wood for firewood. Remove dead branches.

66 Pinetect Active Ingredient=Abamectin

67 Tree And Shrub Problems In Kansas: Diseases, Insects, And Environmental Stress (January 2016 MF3132). K-State Research And Extension. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service.

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69 Thank You For Your Attention! I Hope You All Learned Something!

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