IPM an Eco-Friendly Approach to Disease Control. Dr. Yonghao Li

Transcription

1 IPM an Eco-Friendly Approach to Disease Control Phone: ; Dr. Yonghao Li Spring Bedding Plants February 2016

2 Integrated Pest Management (IPM) IPM A systematic approach to solving pest problems by applying our knowledge about pests to prevent them from damaging crops Benefits Reduce pests Reduce pesticide applications Save money Protect human health and environment

3 Integrated Pest Management (cont.) Steps of IPM program Identify key diseases Pathogens, etiology, damages Monitor disease development and keep records Dates, conditions, severity Determine the potential for economic loss Percentages of affected units vs. economic losses Set action thresholds Local and systemic infections Choose the proper management methods Exclusion, eradication, resistance, protection Evaluate the effectiveness of the management plan Input, outcome

4 Integrated Pest Management (cont.)

5 Integrated Pest Management (cont.) Minimizing Fungicide Resistance Follow good plant health practices Incorporate IPM system into routine cultural practices Use the recommended doses Increased doses increase selection for fungicide resistance Minimize the number of fungicide treatments per season Do not rely solely on one fungicide with a site specific mode of action fungicide rotation Tank-mix fungicides with different action modes

6 Foliar spray or soil drench Foliar spray or soil drench Downy mildew and Phytophthora foliar and root diseases Downy mildew, rust, Botrytis, powdery mildew, fungal leaf spots, Rhizoctonia damping-off Injury was observed on African violets and Rieger begonia.

7 KEY USES More than 45 plant species including: African violet Aster Azalea Begonia Pansy Petunia Poinsettia Foliar spray, pre-potting mix, or soil drench

8 Fungal leaf spot, rust, Botrytis, powdery mildew, downy mildew,

9 Indoor and outdoor grown ornamentals, herbs, and vegetables Powdery mildew Anthracnose Bacterial leaf spot Botrytis blight Pythium Downy mildew Rust Late blight Phytophthora root rot Foliar spray or soil drench

10 Outline Foliar diseases Botrytis blight Downy mildew Bacterial and fugal leaf spots Virus diseases Root diseases Thielaviopsis root rot Pythium root rot

11 Botrytis Blight Geranium Courtesy of Leanne Pundt Lily

12 Botrytis Blight (cont.) New Guinea Impatiens Bacopa Courtesy of Leanne Pundt

13 Botrytis Blight (cont.) Heuchera Zinnia

14 Botrytis Blight (cont.) Poinsettia

15 Botrytis Blight (cont.) Begonia Courtesy of Leanne Pundt Calibroachoa

16 Development of Botrytis Blight A wide host range (over 200 plant species) Airborne pathogen (conidia) Survive in plant debris (mycelium) and soil (sclerotia) many years Infections favored by cool and rainy weather conditions Start from old and weaken plant tissues

17 Management of Botrytis Blight Cultural practices Adequate space between plants Water plants in early morning Avoid dramatic changes in day/night temperature Remove faded flowers and diseased leaves Chemicals and biological control agents Sever damages last several years Cool and wet spring Early application for prevention Fungicide resistance

18 Management of Botrytis Blight (cont.) Active Ingredient Fungicide FRAC Code Risk of Resistance Thiophanate-methyl Cleary s High Azosystrobin Heritage 11 High Iprodione Chipco Medium to high Polyoxin D zinc salt Affirm 19 Medium Fludioxonil Medallion, Emblem 12 Low to medium Fenhexamid Decree 17 Low to medium Mancozeb Dithane M3 Low Chlorothalonil Daconil Ultrex M5 Low Cyprodinil & Fludioxonil Palladium 9 & 12 Pyraclostrobin + Boscalid Pristine, Pageant 7 & 11 Solatenol + Azoxystrobin Mural 7 & 11 Fluoxastrobin + Tebuconazole Fame +T 11 & 3

19 Fungicide Trial of Botrytis Blight of Geranium Treatment Active Ingredient FRAC Code Disease Severity Disease Incidence Untreated control 4.8 i 39.4 d BAS F Pyraclostrobin + Fluxapyroxad Pageant Pyraclostrobin + Boscalid ab 7.3 ab def 17.2 abc Tourney Metconazole abc 9.0 ab Emblem Fludioxonil bcd 7.5 ab Affirm Polyoxin D zinc salt a 7.0 ab Experiment was conducted Mary Hausbeck at MSU in Plants were inoculated with Botrytis cinerea and fungicides were applied at 14 days intervals

20 Management of Botrytis Blight (Cont.) Fungicide Active Ingredient FRAC Code Risk of Resistance Camelot Cuprofix Phyton 27 Serenade Cease Copper M1 Low Bacillus subtilis 44 N/A Mycostop Streptomyces griseoviridis N/A N/A KleenGrow Quaternary ammonium chloride N/A N/A Actigard Acibenzolar-S-methyle P1 N/A

21 Downy Mildew Courtesy of Leanne Pundt Upper surface Rudbeckia Courtesy of Leanne Pundt Lower surface

22 Downy Mildew (cont.) Lamium Coleus

23 Downy Mildew (cont.) Courtesy of Leanne Pundt Upper surface Basil Courtesy of Leanne Pundt Lower surface

24 Downy Mildew (cont.) Impatiens

25 Development of Downy Mildew Host-specific pathogens Water mold Cool temperature and high humidity Survive in living tissues Cuttings and seedlings Seed (basil downy mildew) Air-borne

26 Management of Downy Mildew Exclusion Use disease-free seed or plant materials Basil downy mildew Cuttings and plugs Resistant variety Resistance vs. market Cultural practices Reduce leaf wetness period Adequate spacing Vent and heat before evening (< RH 85%) Chemicals Scouting for diseases Basil: Rotation and coverage

27 Fungicides for Downy Mildew Control Active Ingredient Fungicide FRAC Group Risk of Resistance Mefenoxam Subdue MAXX 4 High Azoxystrobin Heritage 11 High Fenamidone Fenstop 11 High Trifloxystrobin Compass O 11 High Cyazofamid Segway, Ranman 21 Mid Oxathiapiprolin Segovis U15 Mid-High Mandipropamid Micora, Revus 40 Low-Mid Dimethomorph Stature 40 Low-Mid Fluopicolide Adorn 43 Low-Mid Ethyl phosphonate Aliette 33 Low Boscalid+pyraclostrobin Pageant 7 & 11 Azoxystrobin+benzovindiflupyr Mural 11 & 7 Mancozeb+thiophanate-methyl Zyban 1 & M3

28 Bacterial Leaf Spot of Zinnia Leanne Pundt

29 Fungal and Bacterial Leaf Spots on Poinsettia Alternaria leaf spot Bacterial leaf spot

30 Latex Eruption of Poinsettia

31 Alternaria Leaf Spot and Flower Blight of Marigold

32 Development of Fungal and Bacterial Lear Spot Host-specific Genus or family Survive in plant debris and seed Few months to several years Dispersed via wind and water splash Bacteria water splash Fungi wind and water splash Wet and highly humid conditions (water film) Spore germination and penetration

33 Management of Bacterial and Fungal Leaf Spot Seed treatment Seed borne diseases Cultural practice Remove and destroy infected plant materials Avoid overhead irrigation whenever possible Avoid handling plants when they are wet Reduce relative humidity in greenhouses Scouting for diseases Chemicals, biocontrol agents, and biorational products

34 Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus (INSV) Begonia Cineraria

35 Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus (INSV) (cont.) Pepper Eggplant

36 Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) Chrysanthemum Iris

37 TMV and Iron Deficiency on Petunia TMV Iron deficiency

38 Management of Virus Diseases Exclusion Clean, disease-free seed and plant materials Sanitation Remove and destroy infected plants Handle healthy plants first, then diseased plants Insect control Most plant viruses were transmitted by insects Weed control Wide host ranges of viruses

39 Thielaviopsis Root Rot Salvia Salvia

40 Thielaviopsis Root Rot (cont.) Courtesy of Leanne Pundt Phlox Lavender

41 Thielaviopsis Root Rot (cont.) Calibroachoa Chlamydospores in root tissues

42 Pythium Root Rot Gerbera daisy Lupine

43 Pythium Root Rot (cont.) Poinsettia Lupine

44 Pythium Root Rot (cont.)

45 Development and Management of Root Rot Development Wide host range Soil-borne pathogens Spread by running water, tools, and soil Management Sanitation Clean floors and other structures using a pressure washer Disinfest structures and tools Water management Avoid excess water Fungicide application Early application and rotation *

46 Fungicides for Pythium and Thielaviopsis Root Rot Pathogen Fungicide Active Ingredient FRAC Code Pythium Subdue MAXX Mefenoxam 4 High Heritage Azoxystrobin 11 High FenStop Fenamidone 11 High Empress Pyraclostrobin 11 High Risk of Resistance Segway Cyazofamid 21 Med-High Truban; Terrazole Etridiazole 14 Low-Med Adorn Fluopicolide 43 N/A Alude Phosphorous acid 33 Low Thielaviopsis 3336 F Thiophanate-methyl 1 High Emblem, Medallion Fludioxonil 12 Low-Med Banrot Thiophanate-methyl + eridiazole 1+14

47 Fungicide Resistance October 2013 by Mary Hausbeck

48 Thank You! Questions?