Hawaii Cooperative Extension Service

Transcription

1 Hawaii Cooperative Extension Service HO'RTCULTU'RE HTAHR Colle,_ of Tropical A,rlculture and Human Resource. U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperatln, 'DGEST Department of Horticulture University of Haw'l at Manoa n This ssue: FLOWER AND NURSERY NFORMA non NO. 5. October TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Trends in Hawaii Foliage Production- Past, Present, and Future..., Coming Events... ' UHOOZ and UH0 Dendrobium... TRENDS N HAWA FOLAGE PRODUCTON-Past, Present, and Future The production of tropical indoor foliage plants in Hawaii, primarily for the export market, started in Waimanalo with Evergreen Nursery in 3. Prior to this there were some shipments of plant materials to the mainland United States, such as the collection of Dracaena canes from yards or the occasional shipment of palms, but nothing on a regular basis. Evergreen Nursery started with the production of liners of Dwarf Brassaia, Schefflera arboricola, and later. expanded their product mix. The following year,, saw the establishment of Kohala Nursery, with assistance from the Kohala Task Force, and then Amfac Nursery in 5, the entrance of corporate agriculture into the business. About this time there were also a number of smaller firms growing plants for the export market, either new nurseries that started, or existing nurseries that converted a portion of their facilities to certified growing (which allowed them to ship to California). The latter half of the 0's also saw the establishment of production facilities in Hawaii by mainland firms to grow foliage plants, such as Sunset Tropicals on Maui and Pacific Plantation Growers on the Big sland, primarily due to the escalating fuel costs. A major player in the foliage industry in Hawaii in the early 0's was Richard Garcia, first with the establishment of The Palm Project, for the production of Areca Pams, and then with the formation of Agretech, fmanced through a series of limited partnerships. Figure shows the growth in the production of foliage plants in Hawaii primarily for indoor use. This shows a very gradual increase in the early 0's followed by a rapid expansion from the mid 0's to the mid 0's, which was in excess of 20 percent per year. t also shows a slowing in the rate of growth of the foliage industry in Hawaii in recent years probably due to the down tum in foliage demand at the national level and the adjustments caused by the financial problems of Agretech. Figure 2 shows foliage shipments out of Hawaii. This shows a leveling off and then a decline in out-of-state shipments during the last half of the 0's. The percentage of Hawaiian foliage plants exported from Hawaii reached a peak in 3 with percent of our total production moving out-of-state and has dropped to just over 50 percent in. This suggests that more of the foliage production for indoor use is going into the local interiorscape market. This coresponds to the explosion in the construction of luxury hotels during this period. The value of Hawaii's ornamental crops has increased from $3. million in to $2.3 million in, a period of 20 years (Table ). A comparison between cut and potted ornamental production shows that both sectors have made spectacular growth during this period, however, the most significant increase has been in the production of potted ornamental plants (primarily potted foliage) as seen in the shift in percent market share from 30 percent in to amost 0 percent in. A look at the leading foliage producing States shows that Hawaii ranks th behind Florida, California and Texas (Table 2). This table also reflects the decline in foliage sales in the 2 re- COOPERATVE EXTENSON SERVCE ' 3050 MALE WAY. UNVERSTY OF HAWA ' HONOLULU, HAWA 22 The University of Hawaii at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, Cooperative Extension Service, U,S. Department of Agriculture cooperating in presenting to the people of Hawaii programs and services to its citizens without regard to race, color, national origin, sex or handicap. t is an equal opportunity and affirmative action employer.

2 p e r $ o..j 2 ~ 0 ~ -- ~ -- 2~ o '=;= YEAR Figure. Wholesale value of potted foliage plants produced in Hawaii (Haw. Ag. Stat. Serv.) 2 ~ p e r $ o 0,! _._.-d 2..J o ~- -,-~ YEAR Figure 2. Out-of-state sales of foliage plants produced in Hawaii. (Haw Ag. Stat. Serv.) 2

3 Table. Wholesale Value a of Hawaii Ornamental Crops (Thousands of Dollars) Cut Flowers & Foliage b. Market Market Market Value Share(%) Valoe Share(%) Value Share(%) Anthurium 2. 5,5 2., 2.5 Orchids 05.0,02.,30. Carnations 30.,2 5.,0 2. Pro tea NA 2.,. Roses ,0.3 Foliage Other 55.,5.5,3. Total Cuts 2,2., ,3. Potted Plants ndoor Foliage NA,052.5, Landscape.,.3 5,0.2 Flowering C ,35.3,3 3. Plan t Rental NA NA 2,20.5 Other NA,2. 5,35. Total Potted, 30.3,3.0 3, TOTAL 3, 20, 3,25 a Hawaii Agricultural Statistics Service. b ncludes lei flower. C ncludes potted anthuriurn and orchid plants. Table 2. Potted foliage production sales a,$,000 dollars Table 3. Percent production of potted foliage by islands a HAWA MAUl OAHU Florida 2, 253, 22,3 2 (%) 52 California,20,0 5, Texas,20,30 5, Hawaii 3, 2,225 3,5 Ohio 5,0,20,3 TOTAL (2 states) 2,5 0,33 30, a Hawaii Agricultural Statistics Service. a USDA, Agricultural Statistics Services. 3

4 --...."..,~~~... / others % Figure 3. Florioulture and nursery products. Potted foliage sales, state. of Hawaii, (Haw. Ag. Stat. Serv.). porting states in recent years. All of the top foliage producing states show this decline in over except Hawaii with a modest. percent increase. There has also been a shift in where the production of foliage plants in Hawaii is taking place (Table 3). n 2 over half of the production was on the sland of Oahu. By Oahu accounted for only 3 percent of the total production while the sland of Hawaii had expanded to 53 percent. This is primarily due to the availability of lower priced land with water on the Big sland. This has also resulted in a shift in the types of plant material being produced (Fig. 3). n the 0's there was a wide variety of materials being grown for the export market, but by this had shifted primarily to palms and dracaena, mostly larger specimen materials. Shipment of foliage plants to the mainland United States from the Big sland is primarily limited to surface and these are the plant materials that can better tolerate the extended time in transit. t is estimated that the production of foliage plants for the mainland interior market should continue to expand in the future. The primary items being produced, palms and dracaena, are standard materials for the foliage market and will always be in demand. Hawaii has an advantage over other major U.S. production areas in the production of dracaena with its extensive stock plant plantings. n addition, with the ideal climate for the production of these materials, Hawaii is able to finish the plants in a shorter period of time, especially specimen palms. One of the primary problems facing the foliage industry in Hawaii at the present time is the lack of direct surface shipment from the sland of Hawaii to the mainland U.S. Should this problem be solved) it would make it possible for the Big sland to greatly expand its product mix and truly become a major player in the production of tropical foliage plants for the interior market. nfonnation Source Floriculture Crops; Annual Summary. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Washington, DC. Statistics of Hawaiian Agriculture; Annual Report. Hawaii Agricultural Statistics Service, Hawaii Dept. of Agriculture, Honolulu. Fred D. Rauch Horticulture Specialist, University of Hawaii COMNG EVENTS HAN Conference The Hawaii Association of Nurserymen Annual Conference and Mid-Pacific Horticultural Show is scheduled for Hilo, Hawaii on October -,. The trade show will be increased from to 2 booths. Mainland speakers include: Dr. Ann Chase, Mr. Fred Breezy, and Mr. Joe Cialone. Contact HAN, 05 S. Beretania St. Suite 203, Honolulu, H, (0) for information.. Xeriscape Workshop A Xeriscape Workshop will be held at the Maui Beach Hotel, Kahului, Maui, on November,. The program will focus on Xeriscaping fundamentals and concepts and will include information on the selection of plants for the landscape and more efficient water use. Call for further information. Pesticide Field Day The Landscape ndustry Council of Hawaii will hold a Field Day on November, and include sessions on protective equipment, insect

5 and disease identification and control, weed control measures, pesticide application procedures, and sprayer selection and calibration. Call for infonnation. Native Plant Conference A conference on native Hawaiian plants is being planned for February 2, 2 on Oahu at the Ho'omaluhia Botanical Garden. This will be an opportunity to learn about these plants and their use in the landscape. Stay tuned for further infonnation. Ornamental Short Course The 5th Annual Ornamental Short Course sponsored by the Cooperative Extension (CTAHR) in cooperation with various commodity organizations will be held at the Maui Community College, March 23-2, 2. The educational seminars will be held on Monday with a steak fry, and industry tours scheduled for Tuesday. The Monday morning program will focus on plant propagation and will serve as an area meeting of the Western Region, nternational Plant Propagators Society. This will feature several mainland speakers including Dr. Henry Donselman of Rancho Soledad Nursery in California. The afternoon program will include concurrent sessions on nursery production and landscaping. For further infonnation, contact Dr. Fred D. Rauch, 30 Maile Way, Honolulu, H 22. (5-25). lic. This event is being cosponsored by the Landscape ndustry Council of Hawaii, The Outdoor Circle, and UH Extension (CTAHR). This will be followed by a 3-day intensive training at the Lyon Arboretum on May -3, 2 with Dr. Shigo. This will be for professional tree care workers and will be limited to 20 individuals. Pan Pacific Trade Show Plans are underway for the Pan Pacific Green ndustry Trade Show and Conference to be held at the Blaisdell Exhibition Hall in Honolulu, July 20 to 23, 2. This will be the first major trade show for the entire Green ndustry in the State of Hawaii with space for 20 booths. t is anticipated that this show will attract buyers and sellers from throughout the Pacific Basin Area. The conference program will focus on turf grass management, composting and soil amendments, water management, and horticulture lawsuits, among other topics. Contact the LCH office, (0)55-533,05 S. BeretaniaSt., Suite 203, Honolulu, H. Floriculture Conference Preliminary planning is underway for the 2 Hawaii State Tropical Flower and Ornamental Plant ndustry Conference to be held in Kona on July 2-30, 2. Contact Dr. Kenneth W. Leonhardt, (0)5-0, for further infonnation. rrigation Field Day An irrigation trouble shooting field day is being planned for Oahu in April of 2. AmeriFlora '2 AmeriFlora '2 will be the first sanctioned nternational Floral and Garden Expo to be held in the United States. t will run from April 20 to October 2, 2 in Columbus, Ohio. Featured will be floral and garden products from many countries and many major international horticultural societies are planning to set up displays. Contact AmeriFlora '2, Chatham Lane, Suite 300, Columbus, Ohio 322, for information. Tree Care Workshop An all day workshop is being planned for the UH Campus Center Ballroom for May, 2. This will be conducted by Dr. Shigo, the leading authority on trees, and will be open to both interested industry members and the general pub- 5 ASHS Annual Meeting The American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS) will hold their th annual meeting at the Sheraton Waikiki Hotel and Sheraton Princess Kaiulani Hotel, Honolulu, Hawaii on July 3 to August, 2. The meeting will be hosted by horticulture faculty at the University of Hawaii and include local industry tours. HAN Conference The Hawaii Association of Nurserymen Annual Conference and Fourth Annual Mid-Pacific Horticultural Show is scheduled for Hilo, Hawaii on October 2-, 2. The expanded trade show will be held at The Edith Kanakaole Tennis Stadium. Contact HAN, (0)55-533, for infonnation.

6 UHlOO2 AND UH0 DENBROBUM Two new dendrobium cross combinations, UHl002 and UH0l, were recently released to dendrobium growers associations of Hawaii. Flowers of UH 002 are slightly larger and have a more pronounced lavender blush than those of UH ('Uniwai Blush'), while UHl0l produces attractive flowers with light lavender to white petals and sepals and contrasting dark purpleviolet lip. Both UHl002 and UHl0l are seedpropagated cultivars. UH 002 is relatvely uniform, whereas UH 0 segregates into two distinct groups: self white or light lavender petals and sepals with dark purple-violet lip. UH002 is an amphidiploid D. Jaquelyn Thomas hybrid like UH, UHS03, UHS0 and UH00. Because its flowers are slightly larger with stronger blush than those of UH, it was designated 'mproved Uniwai Blush' in addition to the number UH 002. Dendrobium Nanae, UH0 UH0 is a cross made on January 5, 5 between diploid Dendrobium Theodore Takiguchi with purple-violet lip and tetraploid D. Neo Hawaii. The triploid hybrid was germinated on April 2, 5 and flowered beginning Juy,. Dendrobium Jaque/yn Thomas, UH002 Among plants of Dendrobium J aquelyn Thomas UH232 ('Uniwai Supreme'), a segregant appeared with a strong lavender blush instead of the typical lavender two-tone flowers. This segregant, designated K5-, was crossed to an inbred offspring (K5 -) of D. J aquelyn Thomas, UH, which was selected for its prominent blush. The cross, UH 002, was made on September 3, and germinated on January 2, 5. First flowering was obtained in June,. As anticipated, flowers of UH 002 (Fig. ) developed a stronger blush than UH, and furthermore flowers were larger due to the influence of the K5- (UH232) parent. Slight variation was evident in the offspring, but the differences were negligible. Flowers were obtained throughout the year; however more were obtained from May through October (Fig. 2). Table gives the pertinent characteristics. Spray yield, spray length and number of flowers per spray were satisfactory. Percent bud drop was low. The average vase life in an air conditioned room at about 0 F was about days. Fig.. Dendrobium Jaquelyn Thomas, UH002. Table. CharacteristicsofDendrobium Jaquelyn Thomas, UHlOO2, andd. Nanae, UH0l. Characteristics UHOO2 UH0 Sprays per plant from 20.3 ±.3. ±. June ' to May ' Scape length (in).5 ±..3 ±. Spray length (in) 23.0 ± ±.5 No. of flowers per spray. ±. 5.3 ±. Natural flower length (in) 2.2 ± ± 0.2 Natural flower width (in) 2.5 ± ± 0.2 Pedicel length (in). ± 0.. ± 0.2 Vase life (days). ±.0.3 ± 5.5 Mean plant height (in) 3. ± ± 3. Percent bud drop The offspring segregated about equally (: ratio) between self white, similar in color to the D. Neo Hawaii parent, and light lavender petals and sepals and contrasting dark purple-violet (R.H.S.C.C. 0A) lip somewhat like the D. Theodore Takiguchi parent. The seasonality of flowering was like UH002 (Fig. 2), but with slightly heavier yield during September through January. The characteristics of UH 0 are similar to those of UH 002 (Table ). However flowers of UH 0 were slightly larger and fuller, and bud drop percentage was 5.0 which is an acceptable level. The desirable feature of UH 0 is the attractive two-tone flowers (Fig. 3) on long sprays. D. Youppadeewan, which was introduced earlier into Hawaii from Thailand as mericloned plants of selected individuals, produces flowers that are like UHl0. UH0 is a hybrid between D. Theodore Takiguch and D. Neo Hawaii, while

7 50~ ~ ~ 0 E Q) (J co a: 30 '0... Q) z (ij UH 002 based on 20 plants UH0 based on 2 plants DEC MAR JUN SEP DEC MAR JUN SEP DEC JUN SEP DEC MAR Fig. 2. Weekly spray yields Dendrobium JaQuelyn Thomas, UH002 and D. Nanae, UH0. D. Youppadeewan is a hybrid between D. Theodore Takiguchi and D. Jaq-Hawaii. Another hybrid with similar two-tone flowers is D. Hiang Beauty which is a cross between D. Pale Face and D. Jaq-Hawaii. D. Theodore Takiguchi x D. Neo Hawaii was registered as D. Nanae by K. Oka in 5. Thus, UH0 must retain the name D. Nanae. This new seed-propagated cultivar can be identified either as UH 0 or 'Uniwai Beauty'. Fig.3. Dendrobium Nanae, UH0. H. Kamemoto, A. Kuehnle, T. Amore and N. Sugii NOTE: The use of trade names is for the convenience of readers only and does not constitute an endorsement of these products by the University of Hawaii, the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, the Hawaii Cooperative Extension Service, and their employees. Fred D. Rauch Extension Specialist in Horticulture