YOUTH & AGRICULTURE FAMILIES HEALTH ECONOMY ENVIRONMENT ENERGY COMMUNITIES. Session 1: Biology of Weeds

Transcription

1 YOUTH & AGRICULTURE FAMILIES HEALTH ECONOMY ENVIRONMENT ENERGY COMMUNITIES Session 1: Biology of Weeds

2 What Is A Weed?

3 What is a Weed? A plant that is: Competitive Invasive Persistent Pernicious Interferes with what we want to do with the land

4 Weed Characteristics Usually widely adapted Rapid emergence and growth Quick to reproduce itself Produces lots of seeds Seeds disperse widely Many seeds are dormant

5 How Do We Classify a Weed? By its origin (where a plant is from) By its morphology (what a plant looks like) By its life cycle (how a plant reproduces)

6 Why Control Weeds? Unwanted competition to grape plants Don t stay in one place, but can move through the vineyard(s) Can harbor insect and disease pests May pose a health hazard to humans Panicle Willowweed

7 Weed Origins Native Introduced Escaped

8 Weed Origins Native Introduced Escaped

9 Weed Origins Native Introduced Escaped

10 Most Weeds Are Not Native Holm s World s Worst Weeds Continent Number of Species Europe 25 Central/South America 17 Asia 14 Africa 11 Cosmopolitan 5 North America 4

11 Two Major Plant Types Morphologically Monocotyledons Dicotyledons One seed leaf Two seed leaves Nearly all plant Grasses, sedges, families (and most lilies, etc. the weeds)

12 Two Major Plant Types Morphologically Monocotyledons Dicotyledons One seed leaf Two seed leaves Nearly all plant Grasses, sedges, families (and most lilies, etc. the weeds)

13 Two Major Plant Types Morphologically Monocotyledons Dicotyledons One seed leaf Two seed leaves Nearly all plant Grasses, sedges, families (and most lilies, etc. the weeds)

14 Life Cycles Of Weeds Annuals Biennials Perennials

15 Life Cycle: Annuals

16 Life Cycle Of Annuals SPRING germinate FALL vegetative growth WINTER SUMMER flower set seed SPRING FALL Summer Annuals die SUMMER Winter Annuals

17 Life Cycle Of Annuals SPRING germinate FALL vegetative growth WINTER SUMMER flower set seed SPRING FALL Summer Annuals die SUMMER Winter Annuals

18 Winter Annuals Common Chickweed Western Bittercress Henbit Common Groundsel

19 Winter Annuals Common Chickweed Western Bittercress Henbit Common Groundsel

20 Winter Annuals Common Chickweed Western Bittercress Henbit Common Groundsel

21 Winter Annuals Common Chickweed Western Bittercress Henbit Common Groundsel

22 Life Cycle Winter Annuals Fall Winter Spring Summer Germination

23 Life Cycle Winter Annuals Fall Winter Spring Summer Vegetative Growth

24 Life Cycle Winter Annuals Fall Winter Spring Summer Flowering

25 Life Cycle Winter Annuals Fall Winter Spring Summer Seed Set

26 Life Cycle Winter Annuals Fall Winter Spring Summer Death

27 Summer Annuals Common Lambsquarters Barnyardgrass Smartweed Pigweed

28 Summer Annuals Common Lambsquarters Barnyardgrass Smartweed Pigweed

29 Summer Annuals Common Lambsquarters Barnyardgrass Smartweed Pigweed

30 Summer Annuals Common Lambsquarters Barnyardgrass Smartweed Pigweed

31 Life Cycle Summer Annuals Spring Summer Fall Winter Germination

32 Life Cycle Summer Annuals Spring Summer Fall Winter Vegetative Growth

33 Life Cycle Summer Annuals Spring Summer Fall Winter Flowering

34 Life Cycle Summer Annuals Spring Summer Fall Winter Seed Set and Death

35 Question: When is the best time to control annual weeds?

36 Question: When is the best time to control annual weeds? Answer: When they re small!

37 Annual Weed Control

38 Life Cycle: Biennials

39 12 MONTHS Life Cycle Of Biennials FALL germinate WINTER vegetative growth rosette SPRING flower set seed 2 nd Year SUMMER Winter Annuals die Biennials

40 12 MONTHS Life Cycle Of Biennials FALL germinate WINTER vegetative growth rosette SPRING flower set seed 2 nd Year SUMMER Winter Annuals die Biennials

41 Biennials Common Mullein Common Burdock Bull Thistle Tansy Ragwort

42 Biennials Common Mullein Common Burdock Bull Thistle Tansy Ragwort

43 Biennials Common Mullein Common Burdock Bull Thistle Tansy Ragwort

44 Biennials Common Mullein Common Burdock Bull Thistle Tansy Ragwort

45 Life Cycle Biennials First Year Second Year Summer Winter Spring Summer Germination

46 Life Cycle Biennials First Year Second Year Summer Winter Spring Summer Vegetative Growth

47 Life Cycle Biennials First Year Second Year Summer Winter Spring Summer Rosette

48 Life Cycle Biennials First Year Second Year Summer Winter Spring Summer Flower

49 Life Cycle Biennials First Year Second Year Summer Winter Spring Summer Seed Set

50 Life Cycle Biennials First Year Second Year Summer Winter Spring Summer Death

51 Question: When is the best time to control biennial weeds?

52 Question: When is the best time to control biennial weeds? Answer: When they re small!

53 Biennial Weed Control

54 Life Cycle: Perennials

55 Life Cycle Of Perennials germinate vegetative growth, regrowth 1 st Year 2 nd Year, 3 rd, 4 th flower set seed Die (?)

56 Life Cycle Of Perennials germinate vegetative growth, regrowth 1 st Year 2 nd Year, 3 rd, 4 th flower set seed Die (?)

57 Life Cycle Of Perennials

58 Simple Perennials Dandelion Broadleaf Dock Broadleaf Plantain Scotch Broom

59 Simple Perennials Dandelion Broadleaf Dock Broadleaf Plantain Scotch Broom

60 Simple Perennials Dandelion Broadleaf Dock Broadleaf Plantain Scotch Broom

61 Simple Perennials Dandelion Broadleaf Dock Broadleaf Plantain Scotch Broom

62 Life Cycle Simple Perennials First Year Every following year Germination

63 Life Cycle Simple Perennials First Year Every following year Vegetative Growth and Regrowth

64 Life Cycle Simple Perennials First Year Every following year Flowering and Seed Set

65 Life Cycle Simple Perennials First Year Every following year Summer and Fall Regrowth

66 Creeping Perennials Canada Thistle Quackgrass Field Bindweed Creeping Buttercup

67 Creeping Perennials Canada Thistle Quackgrass Field Bindweed Creeping Buttercup

68 Creeping Perennials Canada Thistle Quackgrass Field Bindweed Creeping Buttercup

69 Creeping Perennials Canada Thistle Quackgrass Field Bindweed Creeping Buttercup

70 Life Cycle Creeping Perennials Every Year Vegetative Regrowth from Roots

71 Life Cycle Creeping Perennials Flowering and Seed Set Every Year

72 Question: When is the best time to control perennial weeds?

73 Question: When is the best time to control perennial weeds? Answer: When they re small!...and later...

74 Perennial Weed Control

75 The Next Weed Session Session 1: Biology of Weeds Session 2: Weed Reproduction Session 3: Non-chemical Weed Management Session 4: Chemical Weed Management