10/11/2016. Objectives. Invasive Terrestrial Plants and Noxious Weeds of Minnesota. Have you seen invasive species or noxious weeds in your work?

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1 Invasive Terrestrial Plants and Noxious Weeds of Minnesota Kathy Zuzek, Gary Wyatt, & Julie Weisenhorn - Extension Educators 2016 Regents of the Univ ersity of Minnesota. All rights reserv ed. The Univ ersity of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. In accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, this PowerPoint is av ailable in alternative formats upon request. Direct requests to Objectives 1. Learn common terms used to define invasive terrestrial plants and noxious weeds. 2. Know the agencies that identify, list, and regulate invasive terrestrial plants and noxious weeds. 3. Be able to access the MDA noxious weed list as a source of invasive terrestrial plants to be managed or eradicated. 4. Know your responsibilities if you find a noxious weed at a worksite. 5. Become familiar with resources & tools for identifying and managing invasive plants. 1 Have you seen invasive species or noxious weeds in your work? A. Yes B. No C. Possibly D. Don t know Have you managed or eradicated invasive species or noxious weeds in your work? A. Yes B. No C. Possibly D. Don t know Yes No Possibly Don t know Yes No Possibly Don t know Do you know the difference between an invasive plant and a noxious weed? A. Yes B. No What is the annual cost of invasive species damage & management in the U.S? A. $138,000 B. $138 million C. $138 billion D. $138 trillion Yes No $138,000 $138 million $138 billion $138 trillion 1

2 Why are invasive species and their management important? Over the past 200 years or so, more than 50,000 foreign plant and animal species have become established in the United States. About one in seven has become invasive, with damage and control costs estimated at more than $138 billon each year. - USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), 2001 Native vs. Non-Native plants Common terms used to define invasive terrestrial plants and noxious weeds Native species - species naturally present and reproducing within MN or a species that naturally expands from its historic range into MN. Non-native species - species that have been introduced or moved (intentionally or accidentally), by human activities to a location (MN) where they do not naturally occur. Native maples of Minnesota Non-native maples grown in Minnesota Sugar maple Red maple Norway maple Amur maple Box elder Silver maple Native to Europe & Asia Native to China, Manchuria, & Japan 2

3 An aggressive plant A native or non-native plant that spreads quickly into areas where it is not wanted through: producing large numbers of easily germinated seed vigorously spreading root systems and suckering growinglawns.com An invasive species is An aggressive non-native plant that: Out-competes and displaces other species in natural ecosystems, agricultural fields and pastures, roadsides, and recreational areas Causes environmental or economic harm, or harm to human health extension.umass.edu Prickly ash Gooseneck loosestrife Dandelion Creeping charlie Purple loosestrife Common buckthorn Both of the non-native maples grown in Minnesota are invasive. Norway maple Native to Europe & Asia Amur maple Native to China, Manchuria, & Japan Noxious Weeds Per MN law, noxious weeds are the invasive plants that must be managed or eradicated because they cause significant harm - economic, environmental, or human health. 29 noxious weeds in MN 28 non-native spp. 1 native sp. MS 18.77: Noxious weed means an annual, biennial, or perennial plant that the Commissioner of Agriculture designates to be injurious to public health, the environment, public roads, crops, livestock, or other property in Minnesota. How an invasive plant becomes a noxious weed Agencies that identify, list, and regulate invasive terrestrial plants and noxious weeds 3

4 Which agency is the regulatory agency for invasive plants? Agency responsible for regulation Preventing Monitoring Containing - Managing A. MN Dept. of Natural Resources B. U. S. Dept. of Commerce C. U.S. Forest Service D. MN Dept. of Agriculture E. Both A and D MN Dept. of Natural Resources U. S. Dept. of Commerce U.S. Forest Service MN Dept. of Agriculture Both A and D State Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species (Aquatic plants) State Prohibited and Regulated Noxious Weeds (Terrestrial Plants) DNR MDA If you need to access information from the agency responsible for regulating MN s prohibited & regulated aquatic plants, visit the MN DNR site: If you need to access information from the agency responsible for regulating MN s regulated terrestrial invasive plants, do not visit the MN DNR site: Not the regulating agency & not a complete list of noxious weeds Instead, go to the MDA (Minnesota Department of Agriculture) Noxious Weed page: THE MDA NOXIOUS WEED LIST Invasive plant management mandated by state law A complete list of noxious weeds is found here because the MDA is the regulatory agency for noxious weeds. 4

5 Noxious weed categories The category provides direction on the required management. 1. Prohibited a. Eradicate b. Control 2. Restricted 3. Specially regulated 4. County noxious weeds Prohibited - Eradicate Noxious Weed 12 species Plants not currently known to be present in Minnesota (1) or are not widely established (11). Goal is to eradicate species from the state. Landowner must eradicate plants by killing the above and below ground parts of the plant. Transportation without a permit & sale is prohibited. Prohibited - Eradicate Prohibited - Control Noxious Weed Oriental bittersweet Grecian foxglove 8 species Plants established throughout Minnesota or throughout particular regions of the state. Goals for this group are the reduction of established populations and prevention of reproduction and spread. Landowners must control these plants by preventing the maturation and spread of any propagating parts. Transportation without a permit & sale is prohibited. Yellow starthistle Prohibited - Control Restricted Noxious Weed Common tansy Canada thistle Plumeless thistle 5 species Plants that are widely distributed in MN; eradication or control is difficult Goals: Prevent spread Allow regions of the state where invasive is not widespread to focus on control & eradication By law, plants may not be sold, transported without a permit or intentionally planted in Minnesota. 5

6 Restricted Specially Regulated plants Garlic mustard Common / glossy buckthorn Common reed 4 species Non-native species that have economic value or native species that cause harm in non-controlled environments. By law, plants shall be handled, controlled or eradicated according to specific management regulations for each designated plant. Specially Regulated plants County Noxious Weeds Giant knotweed Eight Minnesota counties have noxious weed lists of 3-8 species Designated by individual county boards to be prohibited within the county s jurisdiction. Submitted to MDA and approved by the Commissioner of Agriculture in consultation with NWAC. Counties are solely responsible for developing and enforcing County Noxious Weed lists County Weed Inspector Japanese knotweed Poison ivy Japanese barberry County Noxious Weeds Waseca (2012) Velvetleaf Hemp Wild Proso Millet Giant Ragweed * Wild Cucumber * Eastern Black Nightshade * + 6 more Cottonwood (2011) Buffalobur Velvetleaf Common Cocklebur * Common Sunflower * *MDA approved with restrictions due to it being a native species. What is a landowner s legal responsibility if you discover oriental bittersweet on their property? A. Nothing B. Remove and compost the fruit C. Kill the plant Nothing Remove and compost the fruit Kill the plant 6

7 While talking with you, a customer mentions that he knows Japanese barberry is now a noxious weed in MN and that he must eradicate this plant from his yard. Is he right or wrong? A. Right B. Wrong C. Both A & B Right Wrong Both A & B Canada thistle is listed in which noxious weed category? A. Eradicate B. Control C. Restricted D. Specially regulated Eradicate Control 50 Restricted Specially Regulated. Garlic mustard is listed in which noxious weed category? A. Eradicate B. Control C. Restricted D. Specially Regulated Eradicate 0 0 Control Restricted Specially Regulated The responsibilities of a pesticide applicator when encountering a noxious weed at a worksite If as a professional, you find a Prohibited noxious weed (Eradicate or Control) on a customer s property, what should you do? A. Nothing B. Contact the landowner C. Eradicate the plant D. Report it to MDA E. Both B and C F. Both B and D Nothing Contact the landowner Eradicate the plant Report it to MDA Both B and C Both B and D Reporting obligation Turf and landscape professionals are not required by law to report Noxious Weeds. Reporting a noxious weed is a voluntary action for anyone in Minnesota. However, the MDA would appreciate reports of Prohibited - Eradicate & Prohibited - Control species Oriental bittersweet Purple loosestrife 7

8 Eradication/Control obligation Turf and landscape professionals are not required by law to eradicate or control Noxious Weeds on a customer s property. Eradication or control of a noxious weed is the responsibility of: the owner of private land the land manager of public lands DNR, MNDOT, municipalities, counties, etc. If you find a noxious weed on a site: 1. Verify plant identification 2. Verify the appropriate noxious weed category The category provides management direction for the land owner/manager should they choose to take action. 3. Report Prohibited Noxious Weeds (both Eradicate & Control) using: a. Great Lakes Early Detection Network (GLEDN) b. MDA Arrest-the-Pest program c. Contact the county Ag Inspector 4. Contact the owner (private land) or manager (public land) It is the owner / manager s obligation to: Know the Minnesota weed law. Eradicate, control, or manage the noxious weed(s) on their property. You can extend professional courtesy by informing the owner / manager about management options and reporting tools: Provide the GLEDN URL Provide the MDA Noxious Weed webpage URL Provide County Ag Inspector phone number. 5. If you are hired to remove the noxious weed: Evaluate the surrounding environment including other plants and size of the infestation to assist with creating a management plan. Access information on plant lifecycle and control options Create a management plan Cultivation, hand pulling, digging, mowing, burning, biological controls, herbicide application Know how to dispose of noxious weeds properly. Enforcement of the Noxious Weed Law Guidelines for managing noxious weeds on a property: 1. Kill but do not remove weeds from an infested area. 2. If you are mowing & collecting clippings, hand-pulling, digging, or using other forms of physical removal, plants may be composted onsite. Do not bury noxious weeds. 3. Disposal of noxious weeds into solid waste trash bins is against the law. 4. If removal of weed plant materials from an infested site is necessary, properly contain and transport the materials to a disposal site that will accept and properly dispose of noxious weed materials. County Ag Inspectors & local weed inspectors mayors, county board of commissioners, township supervisors, or their appointed assistants - enforce the Noxious Weed Law. After they are contacted, they will work with landowners to develop a management plan 8

9 Resources and tools for identifying and managing invasive plants Resources & tools for managing noxious weeds Great Lakes Early Detection Network (GLEDN) MDA Arrest-the-Pest County Ag Inspectors MNDOT: Minnesota Noxious Weeds manual MN DNR invasive terrestrial species list Midwest Invasive Plant Network app EDDMapS Available online and as an app mn.us/arrestthepest 9

10 MN DNR terrestrial invasive species list MN DNR Terrestrial Invasive Species List A list of invasive plants than DNR staff have observed on the public lands they manage Some, but not all, noxious weeds are found here Many other invasive plants that are not Noxious Weeds are found here. May be noxious weeds of the future Helpful info on invasive plant ID and management 10

11 MN DNR Terrestrial Invasive Species List oody/buckthorn/index.html MN DNR Watch list Baby s breath MN DNR terrestrial invasive species future noxious weeds? Burdock Burning bush Midwest Invasive Plant Network Efforts of the Midwest Invasive Plant Network Video EDDMapS ( 11

12 Summary Noxious weeds are invasive terrestrial plants whose eradication or management are regulated by the MDA. Use the MDA Noxious Weed List to access the complete list of MN Noxious Weeds. Anyone finding a Prohibited Eradicate or Prohibited Control species is encouraged to report it using GLEDN, Arrest the Pest, or through a call to the county ag inspector. Professionals and land owners/managers are encouraged to access agencies and resources for managing noxious weeds. Case Study You are a professional landscaper, hired by a homeowner to clean up the flower gardens around the house and yard. As the crew starts to pull weeds and clean-up the gardens, you notice that there are four Japanese Barberry plants in one garden. You also notice Japanese Barberry plants growing in the woodland edge of the property. What should you do? Questions 1. What do you do? 2. Who do you talk to? 3. Do you report it? 4. How do you leave the site? Plan of Action Confirm plant id Verify noxious weed category & management requirements Provide homeowner w/ info Removal not legally required Barberry is invasive so removal should be considered MIPN app provides alternative plant for replacement Seedling infestation site reporting through GLEDN is encouraged Questions? 2016 Regents of the Univ ersity of Minnesota. All rights reserv ed. The Univ ersity of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. In accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, this PowerPoint is av ailable in alternative formats upon request. Direct requests to