Agronomy EFFECT OF SUBSOILING ON SOIL COMPACTION AND YIELD OF SUGARCANE1. Ray Ricaud
|
|
- Georgina Young
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Agronomy EFFECT OF SUBSOLNG ON SOL COMPACTON AND YELD OF SUGARCANE1 Ray Ricaud Agronomy Department, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA ABSTRACT Soil compaction is becoming a serious problem on sandy soils in the Louisiana sugarcane area. This is due mainly to the use of heavier field equipment under wet conditions and to the lack of effective subsoiling. Several experiments were conducted to determine the effect of subsoiling with a regular subsoiler and a vertical mulcher subsoiler on soil compaction and the yield of sugarcane. The subsoilers were operated under each row to a depth of 61 cm prior to planting in the fall. Subsoiling with a regular subsoiler increased cane yield an average of 11.2 tonslha or 19.3%. Subsoiling with a vertical mulcher subsoiler increased cane yield an average of 21.7 tonslha or 39.9%. This was due to an increase of 19.8% in stalk number and 23.2% in individual stalk weight. The mulcher subsoiler'was considerably more effective than the regular subsoiler in increasing cane yield. The increases were larger in plant cane than in stubble cane. The incorporation of bagasse in the subsoil with the vertical mulcher subsoiler did not increase cane yield. Although large increases in yield were obtained in a second cycle of cane after subsoiling, it was beneficial to subsoil prior to planting each cane crop. NTRODUCTON Soil compaction is becoming a serious problem in sugarcane production in Louisiana. This is due to the increase in the use of heavier field equipment and to the lack of effective deep tillage or subsoiling to reduce soil compaction. The amount of compaction in the soil may vary among soil types depending' mainly on their clay and organic matter content. Most soils can be compacted with heavy equipment traffic under certain moisture conditions.,however, the residual compaction is relatively low in soils with a high clay content due to the shrinking and cracking of the soil during dry periods. Sandy soils with a low clay and organic matter content compact to form a dense layer or hardpan in the subsoil. This hardpan is usually from This research is supported in part by grant funds from the American Sugar Cane League and by sugarcane growers.
2 1040 AGRONOMY 15 to 20 cm in thickness and occurs immediately below the plowed layer in the soil. t can form by traffic from normal tillage and restrict root development. According to Meredith and Patrick2 soil compaction increases the bulk density 2nd decreases the porosity, water infiltration and root penetration in the soil. The effect of soil compaction on sugarcane yield may depend on the variety of cane and the amount and distribution of rainfall during the growing season. The yield from vigorous varieties with a strong root system is less likely to be adversely affected by soil compaction. However, a poor root penetration in the subsoil can reduce the water uptake and yield of most cane varieties during dry periods in the summer time. Saveson, et a1.4 found that deep tillage can increase cane yield on fine sandy loam and silty clay loam soils, especially in years of poor rainfall distribution. Patrick, et a1.3 reported that deep tillage can increase root development and yield on soils with traffic pans in years of low rainfall. Heilman, et al.1 obtained significant increases in cotton yield from trenching 12.7 dm wide to a depth of 102 cm under each row prior to planting in the low rainfall area of the Rio Grande Valley. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the results from several experiments on subsoiling in the sugarcane area of Louisiana. EXPERMENTAL PROCEDURES Seven experiments were corlducted to determine the effects of subsoiling on the yield and certain growth characteristics of sugarcane. The experiments were on locations; soil types, and with cane varieties shown in Table. TABLE 1. The location, soil type, cane variety and year of each experiment. Experiment Location' Soil Cane number type variety Year conducted 1 Allendale Commerce sil CP Allendale Commerce sil L Allendale Commerce sil L Allendale Commerce sil L Alma Commerce sil CP Patout Jeanerette sil NCO Allendale Commerce sil L6Q-25 Sugarcane plantations.
3 The experiments were located on soil types which appeared to have a compaction problem. Experiments 1, 2, 3 and 4 were with plant and stubble cane on Commerce silt loam soil at different locations on Allendale Plantation in West Baton Rouge Parish. Experiment 5 was with plant and stubble cane on Commerce silt loam soil at Alma Plantation in Pointe Coupee Parish. Experiment 6 was with plant cane on Jeanerette silt loam soil at M. A. Patout Plantation in beria Parish. Experiments 1 through 6 were conducted during the first cycle of cane after subsoiling. Experiment 7 was conducted on Commerce silt loam soil at Allendale to determine the residual effect of subsoiling in a second cycle of cane. The subsoilers tested were a regular su$?oiler and a vertical mulcher subsoiler. The regular subsoiler consisted of la, typical subsoiling shank. t opened a narrow furrow approximately 3.8" cm in width. The vertical mulcher subsoiler was constructed to open a furrow 28 cm wide, at the top and 13 dm wide at the bottom of the subsoiling furrow. t was oqginally designed with a large hopper to incorporate plant residue into the subsoil. The incorporation of bagasse was found to be very difficult and not beneficial for increasing the effectiveness of subsoiling. Therefore, the original model was redesigned and built without the capability for incorporation but retained its original name. The regular subsoiler was tested in Experiments 1 and 2 and the vertical mulcher subsoiler was tested in all the experiments. The incorporation of bagasse was tested in Experiment 1 by filling the subsoiling furrow with bagasse. Experiment 7 was conducted during a second cycle of cane following the first cycle in Experiment 3. The rows were maintained in their original position during the fallow year between cycles to keep the subsoiling furrow under each row. One-half of the subsoiled plots was subsoiled again with a vertical mulcher subsoiler prior to planting the second cycle of cane. The regular and vertical mulcher subsoilers were operated under each row at a depth of 61 cm prior to planting cane on plots in a normal manner after the rows were rebuilt and allowed to settle by rainfall. The plots were three rows wide and from 152 to 244 meters long. The subsoiling treatments, including a check without subsoiling, were replicated three times in a randomized block design in each experiment. The The cane yield and percent brix and sucrose in the cane juice were measured on each plot at a normal harvest time. The sugar yields were calculated in accordance with the data published annually by the U. S. Department of Agriculture on sugar commercially recoverable from sugarcanes. stalk population and the individual stalk weight of the millable cane were measured at harvest time in some of the exhe5iqents. The amount <
4 1042 AGRONOMY rable 11. Effect of subsoiling on the yield of sugarcane in four experiments on Commerce silt loam soil at Allendale Plantation. Cane Stalk Normal Sugar yield sucrose yield Subsoiling (tons/ha) Number Weight % (Kg/ha) treatment (1000/ha) (Kg/stalk) Exp. 1, plant cane, GP48-103, Regular V, mulcher bag.' Exp. 1, first stubble, CP48-103, Regular O Exp. 2, plant cane, L60-25, Regular , Exp. 2, first stubble, L60-25, 1970 Regular V, mulcher LSD $05 LSD -0.5 Exp. 3, plant cane, L60-25, Exp. 3, first stubble, L60-25, Exp. 3, second stubble, L60-25, Exp. 4, plant cane, L-62-96, Exp. 4, fitst stubble, L62-96, Exp. 4, second stubble, L62-96, Exp. 4, third stubble, L62-96, V, mulcher Bagasse incorporated in subsoil with a vertical mulcher subsoiler.
5 and distribution of cane roots were observed with and without subsoiling. A soil penetrometer equiped with a probe 1.27 cin in diameter was used to measure soil compaction. RESULTS AND DSCUSSON The data obtained in Experiments 1 through 4 on Commerce silt loam soil at Allendale Plantation are reported in Table 11. The increases in cane and sugar yields with the vertical mulcher subsoiler over the check without subsoiling were relatively large with plant and stubble cane in each experiment. n the two experiments or four crop years in which the regular subsoiler was tested, it produced significant increase in yield only with plant cane in one year. The vertical mulcher subsoiler produced a significant increase in yield over the regular subsoiler in three out of the four crop years. The incorporation of bagasse into the subsoil with the vertical mulcher subsoiler did not increase yield over subsoiling alone. The data obtained in Experiment 5 on Commerce soil at Alma Plantation and in Experiment 6 on a Jeanerette soil at M. A. Patout Plantation are presented in Table 111. The increases in the cane and sugar yields from subsoiling with the vertical mulcher subsoiler were significant at these two locations. However, the increases were smaller on the Jeanerette soil than on the Commerce soil. TABLE. Effect of subsoiling on the yield of sugarcane in Experiment 5 on Commerce soil at Alma Plantation and in Experiment 6 on Jeanerette soil at M.A. Patout Plantation. Cane Normal juice Sugar Subsoiling yield yield treatment (tons/ha) Brix Sucrose Purity (Kg/ha)... %... Exp. 5, plant cane, CP48-103, Exp. 5, second stubble, CP48-103, 1974 V, mulcher Exp. 6, plant cane NC0310, ,"3 4.9 f s 474.'+" A (<;' -y 1
6 AGRONOMY A summary of the increases in cane yield, stalk population and weight from subsoiling in the six experiments with first cycle cane is presented in Table V. The regular subsoiler increased cane yields averaging 11.2 tons/ha or 19.3% in two experiments. The increases in cane yields with the vertical mulcher subsoiler in all the experiments or 14 crop years ranged from 6.5 to 40.2 tons/ha with an average of 21.7 tons or 39.9%. The increases were generally largest with plant cane and decreased with each successive stubble crop. TABLE V. ncreases in cane yield, stalk population and individual stalk weight from subsoiling with a regular subsoiler and a vertical mulcher subsoiler. ncreases from subsoilingl Exper. Age of Cane yield Stalk no. Stalk wt. number cane - (tons/ha) % % % Regular subsoiler First stubble First stubble Mean First stubble First stubble First stubble Second stubble First stubble Second stubble Third stubble Second stubble Vertical mulcher subsoiler Mean ncreases over the check without subsoiling. The average increases in stalk number and eight were 7.1 and 11.7% respectively with the regular subsoiler and 19.8 and 23.2%, respectively with the vertical mulcher subsoiler. The vertical mulcher subsoiler was considerably more effective than the regular subsoiler in increasing the cane yield, 'millable stalk population and individual stalk weight. The effect of subsoiling with both subsoilers
7 R. RCAUD was more pronounced in the stalk weight or cane height than in the stalk population. TABLE V. Effect of subsoiling on the yield of sugarcane in a second cycle, of cane in Experiment 7 on Commerce soil at Allendale Plantation1. Stalk Subsoiling Cane Normal Sugar treatment yield (tons/ha) Number (1000/ha) Weight (Kg/stalk) sucrose % yield (Kg/ha) Che'ck Subsoiled first cycle, plant cane, Subsoiled first and second cycles, plant cane, Subsoiled, first cycle, first stubble, Subsoiled first and second cycles, first stubble, Subsoiled first cycle, second stubble, Subsoiled first and second cycles, second stubble, ' Plant, first and second stubble yields with variety L60-25 during a second cycle of cane on plots subsoiled with a vertical rnulcher subsoiler prior to the first cycle only and prior to the first and second cycles. The results from subsoiling with a vertical mulcher subsoiler during a second cycle of cane in Experiment 7 are presented in Table V. The yield increases with plant cane were 15.0 tons/ha on plots subsoiled only prior to the first cycle and 21.8 tonsjha on plots subsoiled prior to the first and secind cycles. The yield increases with first stubble cane were 20.4 tonsjha on plots subsoiled prior to the First cycle and 27.3 tons/ha on plots subsoiled prior to the first and second cycles. The yield increases
8 1046 AGRONOMY with second stubble cane were 14.9 tons/ha on plots subsoiled prior to the first cycle and 21.6 tons/ha on plots subsoiled prior to the first and second cycles. The results indicated that although large increases in yield were obtained in the second cycle after subsoiling, it was beneficialc to subsoil prior to planting each cycle of cane. Also, it was difficult to maintain rows in their original position in order to keep the subsoiling furrow under each row during the fallow year between cane cycles. The effect of subsoiling with a vertical mulcher subsoiler on soil compaction is shown in Table V. The data were obtained during the spring of the first stubble year in Experiment 3 approximately 18 months after subsoiling. TABLE Vi. Effect of subsoiling with a vertical mulcher subsoiler on soil compaction in the first stubble year of Experiment 3 on Commerce soil at Allendale Plantation. Distance from center of row' n hardpan Penetrometer valuesz Below (cm) Not subsoiled Subsoiled hardpan... (Kg)... Penetrometer measurements were made 15.2 cm apart from the center of cane rows to the middles approximately 18 months after subsoiling. Weight required to penetrate the soil with a probe 1.27 cm in diameter. The amount of compaction, as indicated by soil penetrometer values, was very high in the hardpan without subsoiling. The compaction in the hardpan was higher under'the row than under the middles or' inter-row. This was probably due to the deepening of the middles during cultivation. The soil compaction was low under the row after subsoiling. The compaction was lowest in the area of the subsoiling furrow and increased progressively towards the middles. This indicates that the horizontal force caused by the wide subsoiler probably fractured the hardpan on both sides of the subsoiling furrow. However, the compaction was not reduced appreciably in the middles where it was needed for good traction of equipment during harvest time. The penetrometer values were very small below the hardpan indicating no compaction problems deeper in the root zone. The penetration of cane roots through the hardpan on the check plots was very poor. t was estimated by observation that approximately 5% of the roots were feeding below the hardpan without subsoiling. The root
9 system was considerably deeper where the hardpan was eliminated by subsoiling. The cane leaves showed less symptoms of moisture stress with than without subsoiling during dry periods in the summer time. CONCLUSONS Soil compaction can reduce sugarcane yields on sandy soils, especially during years of low rainfall. A vertical mulcher subsoiler was considerably more effective than a regular subsoiler in reducing soil compaction and increasing cane yield on soils with a conlpacted subsoil. The yield increases from subsoiling with a vertical mulcher subsoiler under each row prior to planting were relatively large with plant and stubble cane. However, the increases were generally larger with plant cane than with the successive stubble crops. The incorporation of bagasse in the subsoil with a vertical mulcher subsoiler was difficult and did not increase yield over subsoiling alone. Although large increases in yield were obtained in a second cycle of cane after subsoiling, it was beneficial to subsoil prior to planting each cane crop. REFERENCES 1. Heilman, M.D. and C.L. Gonzalez. (1973). Effects of narrow trenching in Harlington clay soil on plant growth, rooting depth and salinity. Agro. Jour Meredith, H.L. and W.H. Patrick, Jr. (1961). Effects of soil compaction on subsoil root penetration and physical properties of three soils in Louisiana. Agro. Jour. 53~ Patrick, W.H., Jr., L.W. Sloane and S.A. Phillips. (1959). Response of cotton and corn to deep placement of fertilizer and deep tillage. Soil Sci. Soc. of Amer. Proceedings. 23: Saveson,.L., Z.F. Lund and L.G. Davidson. (1966). Deep tillage investigations on alluvial soil in the sugarcane area of Louisiana , ARS, USDA. 5. U.S. Department of Agriculture, ASCS. ( ). Sugar commercially recoverable- Mainland cane sugar crop. Handbook 3-SU, part 833. EFECTO DEL SUBSOLADO EN LA COMPACTACON DEL SUELO Y EN EL RENDMENTO DE CMA R. Ricaud RESUMEN La compactaci6n constituye un serio problema en 10s suelos arenosos del area caaera de Louisiana. Esto se debe mayormente al uso de equipo pesado que se usa cuando existen condiciones de mucha humedad en 10s suelos y a la falta de la conocida practica de subsolar. Se efectuaron varios *experimentos en 10s que se determino el efecto del subsolado usando,!el subsolador corriente y el, 8., :/ ;,,s t
10 1048 AGRONOMY "vertical mulcher" en la compactacion del suelo y en el rendimiento de la catia de azlicar. Se trabajo con estos subsoladores a una profundidad de 61 cm antes de la siembra de ototio. Cuando se hizo el subsolado regular, se consiguieron aumentos de 11.2 toneladas por hectarea, o un 19.3 porciento. Cliando se us6 el "vertical mulcher" el aumento en la produccion de caaa fu6 de 21.7 toneladas por hectarea, o un 39.9 porciento. Esto,se debio a un aumento de un 19.8 porciento en el nlimero de caaas y de un 23.2 porciento en el'peso individual de catia. El subsolador del "vertical mulcher" fue mas efectivo que el subsolador regulador. Los aumentos en la produccion fueron mayores en la plantilla que en el retotio. No se registro efecto alguno en la produccion de caaa cuando se incorporo bagaso en el subsuelo con el "vertical mulcher". A pesar de que se obtuvieron buenos aumentos en un segundo ciclo de siembra despues de subsolar, se encontrb que era mas beneficioso subsolar antes de cada
Soil moisture extraction and physiological wilting of cotton on Mississippi River alluvial soils
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Agricultural Experiment Station Reports LSU AgCenter 1965 Soil moisture extraction and physiological wilting of cotton on Mississippi River alluvial soils
More informationUSE OF PRECISION AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY TO EVALUATE SOIL COMPACTION
USE OF PRECISION AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY TO EVALUATE SOIL COMPACTION R. Goodson R. Letlow, D. Rester, and J. Stevens AUTHORS:Louisiana CooperativeExtension Service, LSU AgCenter P.O. Box 25100, Baton Rouge,
More informationIRRIGATION CONTROL IN SUGARCANE FIELD BASED ON NEUTRON PROBE MEASUREMENTS
Agronomy - RRGATON CONTROL N SUGARCANE FELD BASED ON NEUTRON PROBE MEASUREMENTS H Y.S. Sheu and P.C. Yang Taiwan Sugar Research nstitute, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China ABSTRACT Studies were conducted
More informationEffect of Method of Application of Double Superphosphate on the Yield and Phosphorus Uptake by Sugar Beets 1
Effect of Method of Application of Double Superphosphate on the Yield and Phosphorus Uptake by Sugar Beets 1 W. E. LARSON 2 Optimum phosphate fertilizer placement for sugar beets is probably dependent
More informationBreaking Down Soil Compaction:
Breaking Down Soil Compaction: Does It Increase Forage Production? Soil degradation is an important problem of cultivated pastures in Mississippi. One major issue is soil compaction caused by poor grazing
More information+id 1:;~ T. C. Juang and G. Uehara Taiwan Sugar Experiment Station Taiwan and Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station Honolulu, Hawaii
Fertilization, Soils and Cultural Practices EFFECTS OF GROUND-WATER TABLE AND SOIL COMPACTION ON NUTRIENT ELEMENT UPTAKE AND GROWTH OF SUGARCANE T. C. Juang and G. Uehara Taiwan Sugar Experiment Station
More informationAgronomy PLANTING DEPTH AND SEED MATERIAL FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF SUGARCANE. J.E. Loasdale
Agronomy PLANTNG DEPTH AND SEED MATERAL FOR ESTABLSHMENT OF SUGARCANE J.E. Loasdale Rhodesian Sugar Association Experiment Station, Chiredzi, Rhodesia ABSTRACT The results of six trials are presented,
More informationMechanisms of Nutrient Uptake: Is Fertilization Enough?
Mechanisms of Nutrient Uptake: Is Fertilization Enough? Fabián G. Fernández & Water Quality Specialist Department of Soil, Water, and Climate fabiangf@umn.edu Conference 09 Feb. 2016, Morton, MN Justice
More informationA&L Canada Laboratories Inc.
A&L Canada Laboratories Inc. 2136 Jetstream Rd, London ON N5V3P5 Tel: (519) 457-2575 Fax: (519) 457-2664 SOIL SAMPLING GUIDE SOIL SAMPLING PROCEDURES The intention of the following information is to aid
More informationPan-African Soybean Variety Trial Protocol Training. I
Pan-African Soybean Variety Trial Protocol Training The protocol Outlines Site selection Land preparation Soil sampling Experimental layout Methods of planting Fertilizer application Site selection Use
More informationCorn Irrigation and Water Use
Corn Irrigation and Water Use Total corn water use in Missouri ranges from 20 35 inches depending on relative maturity of the hybrid, planting date, weather, and location. It is important to keep moisture
More informationSoil Conditions Affecting Infiltration of Water and Root Development of Crop Plants L. D. DONEEN AND D. W. HENDERSON 1 Poor water penetration in
Soil Conditions Affecting Infiltration of Water and Root Development of Crop Plants L. D. DONEEN AND D. W. HENDERSON 1 Poor water penetration in California soils has become one of our major irrigation
More informationTilth: Tilth: Soil Structure and its Management. Tilth: Soil Structure and its Management
Tilth: Soil Structure and its Management Sonoma County Vineyard Technical Group May 18, 2017 Tilth: Soil Structure and its Management Paul R. Anamosa, Ph.D. Viticultural Soil Scientist www.vineyardsoil.com
More informationSoil Quality / Understanding Soil Health what are we missing?
Soil Quality / Understanding Soil Health what are we missing? Soil Quality Test Kit Clarence Chavez Soil Scientist The USDA is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer Soils are not machines: It s an
More information2/19/2016. Objectives. The Basis of Life. Previous Studies. Physical Properties DYNAMICS OF SOIL INFILTRATION RATES IN VARIOUS AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS
DYNAMICS OF SOIL INFILTRATION RATES IN VARIOUS AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS Landon Gibbs and I.P. Handayani Murray State University Hutson School of Agriculture The Basis of Life Soil provides the medium for plant
More informationCover Crops Can Help Maximize Available Soil Moisture. Rachel Stout Evans Soil Scientist USDA-NRCS Metcalfe Soil Survey Office
Cover Crops Can Help Maximize Available Soil Moisture Rachel Stout Evans Soil Scientist USDA-NRCS Metcalfe Soil Survey Office When the earth will drink up the rain as fast as it falls. -H.D. Thoreau, The
More informationHawaii Agriculture Research Center -1- Vegetable Report 2. Hawaii Agriculture Research Center Vegetable Report 2 January 2000
Hawaii Agriculture Research Center -1- Vegetable Report 2 Hawaii Agriculture Research Center Vegetable Report 2 January 2000 INDEX WORDS: asparagus, diversified crop ASPARAGUS PRODUCTION AND VARIETY YIELDS
More informationUtilization of Phosphorus From Various Fertilizer Materials By Sugar Beets in Colorado 1
Utilization of Phosphorus From Various Fertilizer Materials By Sugar Beets in Colorado 1 STERLING R. OLSEN, ROBERT GARDNER, W. R. SCHMEHL, FRANK S. WATANABE, AND C. O. SCOTT Many questions remain unanswered
More informationSoil characteristics that influence nitrogen and water management
Section C Soil characteristics that influence nitrogen and water management Soil characteristics vary across the landscape Soils vary from one field to another, and often within the same field. Soil differences
More informationSubsoiling to Reduce Compaction
Subsoiling to Reduce Compaction Tom Jensen PhD Agronomy, CCA, PAg Director in the North America Program International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) tjensen@ipni.net Calgary, AB 9-Jan-2018, Alberta Agronomy
More informationExamining soils in the field. Examining soils in the field. Environment Agency thinksoils examining soils in the field
Examining soils in the field thinksoils Examining soils in the field Environment Agency thinksoils examining soils in the field 31 Examining soils in the field 32 Environment Agency thinksoils examining
More informationThe Nature of Soil Soil Conservation Sustainable Ag.
Chapter 6 & 7 The Nature of Soil Soil Conservation Sustainable Ag. Climate Soil Forming Factors Parent material Organisms Topography Time Value of Soil Soil is under appreciated Condition of soil affects
More informationAvailability of Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur and Their Uptake by Amaranthus as Influenced by Composts and Fertilizers
Availability of Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur and Their Uptake by Amaranthus as Influenced by Composts and Fertilizers M. R. Shaibur, T. Shaibur, A. H. M. Shamim * and S. M. Imamul Huq ** Department of
More informationUSE OF SOME SELECTED WASTES AS SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL INPUTS
Progress. Agric. 20(1 & 2) : 201 206, 2009 ISSN 1017-8139 USE OF SOME SELECTED WASTES AS SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL INPUTS M. R. Islam, M. Z. Abedin, M. Z. Rahman and A. Begum 1 Department of Farm Structure,
More informationRelationship of Soil Moisture and Drainage Conditions to Tree Decline in Avocado Orchards *
California Avocado Society 1943 Yearbook 28: 34-37 Relationship of Soil Moisture and Drainage Conditions to Tree Decline in Avocado Orchards * E. R. PARKER and M. B. ROUNDS Citrus Experiment Station, University
More informationThe Effect of Potassium Humate, Chicken Feathers and Vermicompost on the Water Retention Curve
2015, TextRoad Publication ISSN: 2090-4274 Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences www.textroad.com The Effect of Potassium Humate, Chicken Feathers and Vermicompost on the Water Retention
More informationSOIL FACTORS AFFECTING WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN SUGARCANE
SOIL FACTORS AFFECTING WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN SUGARCANE R VAN ANTWERPEN AND JH MEYER South African Sugar Association Experiment Station, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300 Abstract Water use by crops has
More informationCULTIVATION PRACTICES FOR COMPACTED SOILS. J. A. Murphy and P. E. Rieke Crop and Soil Sciences, M.S.U.
82 CULTIVATION PRACTICES FOR COMPACTED SOILS J. A. Murphy and P. E. Rieke Crop and Soil Sciences, M.S.U. Compaction of soil results in many undesirable effects such as reduced soil aeration, water infiltration
More informationGROWTH AND PERFORMANCE OF OWN-ROOTED CHANDLER AND VINA COMPARED TO PARADOX ROOTED TREES
GROWTH AND PERFORMANCE OF OWN-ROOTED CHANDLER AND VINA COMPARED TO PARADOX ROOTED TREES Janine Hasey, Bruce Lampinen, Joe Grant, Samuel Metcalf ABSTRACT Two studies comparing own-rooted Chandler to nursery
More informationQuantifying the Effectiveness of Soil Amendments in Compact Urban Soils. By Nick Olson
Quantifying the Effectiveness of Soil Amendments in Compact Urban Soils By Nick Olson Funding provided by... Soil Compaction Residential and commercial developments requires large equipment to grade and
More informationIdentifying the SIX Critical Control Points in High Tunnel Production
Identifying the SIX Critical Control Points in High Tunnel Production Terrance T. Nennich, Extension Professor Emeritus Vegetable and Small Fruit Production University of Minnesota Extension nenni001@umn.edu
More informationSOIL COMPACTION STUDIES AT PONGOLA
Proceedirlgs of The South African Sugnr Teckizologists' Associatio~zJurze 1971 SOIL COMPACTION STUDIES AT PONGOLA By M. A. JOHNSTON and R. A. WOOD South African Sugar Association Experiment Station Abstract
More informationJournal American Society of Sugar Cane Technologists, Vol. 31, 2011 EFFECTS OF CULTIVAR AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON BILLET PLANTING TOLERANCE
Journal American Society of Sugar Technologists, Vol. 31, 2011 EFFECTS OF CULTIVAR AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON BILLET PLANTING TOLERANCE J.W. Hoy 1*, C.F. Savario 1, A.E. Arceneaux 2, and W.A. Barrera
More informationSaline and Sodic Field Demonstration project
Saline and Sodic Field Demonstration project 2007-2013 Tile drainage will help decrease the soluble salt level over time but does not address parts of the field that have sodium issues as well. Reclamation
More informationEFFECT OF TUBER PLACEMENT ON YELLOW NUTSEDGE REPRODUCTION
EFFECT OF TUBER PLACEMENT ON YELLOW NUTSEDGE REPRODUCTION Joel Felix and Joey Ishida Maiheur Experiment Station Oregon State University Ontario, OR, 2007 Introduction Yellow nutsedge has become a major
More informationSoil Restoration in Accordance with. The NYSDEC 2015 Stormwater Management Design Manual
Soil Restoration in Accordance with The NYSDEC 2015 Stormwater Management Design Manual William Buetow CPESC, CPSS TRC Solutions Clifton Park, NY Implementation of Soil Restoration as a Green Infrastructure
More informationInfluence of sett fresh weight and depth of planting on performance of arracacha 1
Influence of sett fresh weight and depth of planting on performance of arracacha 1 Carlos E, Ortiz 2, Essaú O rengo-santiago 3 and Alvaro Acosta 4 J. Agrie. Univ. P. R. 84(3-4):143-151 (2000) ABSTRACT
More informationThe Latest Dirt: Research Based Innovation in Soil Health. Physical Characteristics of Soil Plant Roots and the Rhizosphere
The Latest Dirt: Research Based Innovation in Soil Health El Dorado Workshop Nov. 1, 2016 Physical Characteristics of Soil Plant Roots and the Rhizosphere Chuck Ingels Farm & Horticulture Advisor http://cesacramento.ucanr.edu
More informationPROUDLY MADE IN AUSTRALIA
Unlock your soil s potential with K-humate Improves soil moisture and nutrient retention Reduces nutrient lock-up in the soil Helps the development of better soil structures Stimulates plant root growth
More informationTHE DRYING OF RAW SUGAR IN FLUIDISED AND SPOUTED BEDS
Manufacturing - Engineering THE DRYING OF RAW SUGAR IN FLUIDISED AND SPOUTED BEDS R. H. Weiland, G. Low and L. S. Leung Department of Chemical Engineering, University, of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
More informationManaging sprinkler irrigation systems
Section L Managing sprinkler irrigation systems The circular irrigation pattern of the center pivot results is illustrated in Figure L-1. The system is a typical seven to eight span pivot with span widths
More informationTHE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY
THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY BULLETIN No. 184 TESTS WITH NITRATE OF SODA IN THE PRODUCTION OF EARLY VEGETABLES BY JOHN W. LLOYD URBAXA, ILLINOIS, NOVEMBER, 1915 SUMMARY OF BULLETIN No. 184 1. Top-dressings
More informationLoam: About 40% sand, 40% silt, 20% clay. Mixture of pore sizes to balance water retention and aeration. Considered the best soil for growing crops.
Soil Characteristics Soil is formed from a combination of two Primary sources: Weathering of Parent Rock ( ) = material introduced by plants, animals, and decomposers Minor sources: Nutrients incorporated
More informationPractical use of Gypsum for Crop Production. Joe Nester Nester Ag, LLC Bryan, OH
Practical use of Gypsum for Crop Production Joe Nester Nester Ag, LLC Bryan, OH Key Points Soil Quality Impact Nutrient Recoverability Water Infiltration / Air in the Soil Importance of Structure Crop
More informationUnderstanding Soil Variability to Utilize Variable Rate Fertilizer Technology
Understanding Soil Variability to Utilize Variable Rate Fertilizer Technology Agronomy Update -2012 Red Deer, AB Jan 17 & 18, 2012 Ross H. McKenzie Research Scientist Agronomy Research & Innovation Div.
More information3. What are the five master horizons? Give distinguishing features of each. 5. List three means by which plant roots come into contact with nutrients.
Study Questions Exam 1 1. What are the four general components of soil? 2. Define regolith and solum. 3. What are the five master horizons? Give distinguishing features of each. 4. What is meant by an
More informationEFFECT OF THE PACKING DENSITY ON THE MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE OF ROOT MEDIA
EFFECT OF THE PACKING DENSITY ON THE MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE OF ROOT MEDIA Atelene N. Kämpf UFRGS, Faculdade de Agronomia C.P.776-90001.970 P. Alegre / RS Brazil P. Allen Hammer & Terri Kirk Purdue University
More informationScheduling Irrigation for Horticultural Crops. Patrick Byers Regional Horticulture Specialist Greene County
Scheduling Irrigation for Horticultural Crops Patrick Byers Regional Horticulture Specialist Greene County Outline Soil characteristics Soil water characteristics Basic watering facts Scheduling irrigation
More informationScheduling Irrigation for Horticultural Crops
for Horticultural Crops Patrick Byers Regional Horticulture Specialist Greene County Outline Soil characteristics Soil water characteristics Basic watering facts Scheduling irrigation What is Soil? Soil
More informationImpact of strategic tillage methods on water infiltration into repellent sands
Impact of strategic tillage methods on water infiltration into repellent sands Stephen Davies, Chad Reynolds, Joanne Walker, Department of Agriculture and Food Debbie Gillam, Laura Dorman, Mingenew-Irwin
More informationInfluence of storage conditions and market temperature on shelf-life and quality of Keitt mango 12
Influence of conditions and market temperature on shelf-life and quality of Keitt mango 12 Guillermo Fornaris-Rulldn/ Ruben Guadalupe-Luna/ Carmen Chao de Bdez 5 and Noemi Diaz 6 ABSTRACT A study was conducted
More information27/01/2017. This event is being run by SAC Consulting. What is Soil?
This event is being run by SAC Consulting What is Soil? 1 Soil Texture It describes the physical composition of the soil % of sand, silt and clay Refers to the mineral fragments of the soil only water
More informationMost strawberries in the northeastern United States
Effect of Soil Compaction on Strawberry Root Health and Marvin Pritts, Mary Jo Kelly and Cathy Heidenreich Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Most
More informationPlant Tissue Testing as a Guide to Side-Dressing Sugar Beets 1
Plant Tissue Testing as a Guide to Side-Dressing Sugar Beets 1 L. S. ROBERTSON 2 The testing of green plant tissue is recognized as a reliable method for determining the nutrient status of plants (3, 5)
More informationLand Capability Classifications
Land Capability Classifications Unit: Soil Science Problem Area: Basic Principles of Soil Science Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
More informationEffect of soil moisture level and phosphorus rate on phosphorus uptake and growth of corn (Zea mays L) 1
Effect of soil moisture level and phosphorus rate on phosphorus uptake and growth of corn (Zea mays L) 1 Miguel A. Muñoz* and Trevor G. ArscoW ABSTRACT The effect of soil moisture level and phosphorus
More informationFunding provided by...
Quantifying the Effectiveness of Soil Amendments in Compact Urban Soils Funding provided by... Volume Reduction Workshop Nick Olson Project Engineer Soil Compaction Residential and commercial developments
More informationSandy Soils. Sand. Silt. Sandy soils. Silty soils. Wind blown and alluvial parent materials. Low water holding capacity
Sand Large particles you can see Large spaces between particles Rapid water flow Non cohesive Small surface area Low water holding capacity Susceptible to drought Small surface area Low CEC Infertile Easily
More informationFor nmental. Written By: Agustin o, Professor. Developed in. and justice for all. Department of. funded by activities. )
Site-Specificc Nutrient Management For Nutrient Management Planning To Improve Crop Production, Environ nmental Quality, and Economic Return Presentationn Script: Potassium - Chapter 4 Written By: Agustin
More informationAgronomy of Castor Beans. Crop Research Unit Research & Development Division Ministry of Industry Commerce Agriculture & Fisheries
Agronomy of Castor Beans Crop Research Unit Research & Development Division Ministry of Industry Commerce Agriculture & Fisheries Introduction Scientific Name: Ricinus communis General description: tall,
More informationSUGARCANE SPACING IH. EFFECTS OF SPACING ON THE PLANT ABSTRACT
Agronomy SUGARCANE SPACING IH. EFFECTS OF SPACING ON THE PLANT J. E. Irvine and G. T. A. Benda U.S. Sugarcane Field Laboratory, AR, SEA, USDA, Houma, LA, USA ABSTRACT Intrarow spacing with 19 cm between
More informationHORT 102: Soil Properties. Cultivated Plants: Lecture 15. [Teresa Koenig] Slide #: 1 Slide Title: Intro Information Slide
HORT 102: Soil Properties Cultivated Plants: Lecture 15 [Teresa Koenig] Slide #: 1 Slide Title: Intro Information Slide Title: Lecture 15 Soil Properties Speaker: Teresa Koenig Created by: Teresa Koenig,
More informationTHE ROLE OF SUCTION IN THE PERFORMANCE OF CLAY FILL RONALD F. REED, P.E. 1 KUNDAN K. PANDEY, P.E. 2
THE ROLE OF SUCTION IN THE PERFORMANCE OF CLAY FILL RONALD F. REED, P.E. 1 KUNDAN K. PANDEY, P.E. 2 Abstract Plastic clay is commonly used as fill. Proper placement is the key to the performance of the
More informationManaging Phosphorus to Optimize Potato Tuber Yield in the San Luis Valley
Introduction Managing Phosphorus to Optimize Potato Tuber Yield in the San Luis Valley Samuel YC Essah Assistant Professor and State Extension Specialist Colorado State University, San Luis Valley Research
More informationCounty: Columbia. See factors. N/A Starter : N/A N/A N/A Post plant : See factors 6 /15/17 N/A. Insecticide:
133 Title: Personnel: Location: Supported By: Site Information Field: ARS:336 Soil Test: Date: 11/1 /16 FIELD EXPERIMENT HISTORY Multi-factor effects for continuous and rotated corn Experiment: 19Systems
More informationTilling Compacted Soils with RipPlows: A Disturbed Soil Restoration Technique David H. McNabb 1, Jean-Marie Sobze 2, and Amanda Schoonmaker 2
Technical Note, November 2012 Tilling Compacted Soils with RipPlows: A Disturbed Soil Restoration Technique David H. McNabb 1, Jean-Marie Sobze 2, and Amanda Schoonmaker 2 Introduction The trafficking
More informationA THEORETICAL SALT EFFECT LIMIT FOR SUGARCANE CONSIDERING SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Agronomy A THEORETICAL SALT EFFECT LIMIT FOR SUGARCANE CONSIDERING SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Sergio Valdivia V. and Jorge Pinna C. Instituto Central de Investigaciones Azucareras, Casa Grande, Trujillo,
More informationTest Heritage Fungicide for auxiliary effects related to reduced transpiration, drought resistance and increased growth of roots inside the root ball.
Test Heritage Fungicide for auxiliary effects related to reduced transpiration, drought resistance and increased growth of roots inside the root ball. BY: Danilo Adolfo López García. Watsonville California,
More informationCrop Response to Soil Acidity Factors in Ultisols and Oxisols in Puerto Rico. VIII. Yams 1 2
Crop Response to Soil Acidity Factors in Ultisols and Oxisols in Puerto Rico. VIII. Yams 1 2 Fernando Abruiia, Jose Vicente-Chandler and Jose A. Rodriguez-Garcia 3 ABSTRACT The effect of various soil acidity
More informationAPPLICATION METHOD AND RATE OF QUADRIS FOR CONTROL OF RHIZOCTONIA CROWN AND ROOT ROT. Jason R. Brantner and Carol E. Windels
APPLICATION METHOD AND RATE OF QUADRIS FOR CONTROL OF RHIOCTONIA CROWN AND ROOT ROT Jason R. Brantner and Carol E. Windels Research Fellow and Professor, respectively University of Minnesota, Northwest
More informationAgritechnica 2016 Soil Compaction in Grassland. John Maher Teagasc, Ireland
Agritechnica 2016 Soil Compaction in Grassland John Maher Teagasc, Ireland 600 mm 3000 mm 1300 mm Monthly Rainfall (mm) in Ireland Grazing Conservation Why Grazed Grass??? 285 Days of Feed Cost of feed
More informationProceedings of the 2 nd Annual Nitrogen: Minnesota s Grand Challenge & Compelling Opportunity Conference
Proceedings of the 2 nd Annual Nitrogen: Minnesota s Grand Challenge & Compelling Opportunity Conference Do not reproduce or redistribute without the written consent of author(s) Anhydrous Ammonia, Soil,
More information2007 Herculex Corn Rootworm Soil Insecticide / Seed Treatment Efficacy Experiment. 1. Data Summary
2007 Herculex Corn Rootworm Soil Insecticide / Seed Treatment Efficacy Experiment. 1 Data Summary University of Nebraska Agricultural Research and Development Center Mead, Nebraska Lance J. Meinke, Jim
More informationMiguel Torres Bernal Instituto para el Mejoramiento de la Producci6n de Azhcar, Mexico DF, Mexico. Soil Units N kglha PzO:, kg/ ha
Agronomy ADVANCES N SUGARCANE FERTLZATON N MEXCO Miguel Torres Bernal nstituto para el Mejoramiento de la Producci6n de Azhcar, Mexico DF, Mexico ABSTRACT n this study are analyzed the results of 40 experiments
More informationFERTILIZER, IRRIGATION STUDIES ON AVOCADOS AND LIMES ON THE ROCKDALE SOILS OF THE HOMESTEAD AREA
Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 66:228-230. 1953. FERTILIZER, IRRIGATION STUDIES ON AVOCADOS AND LIMES ON THE ROCKDALE SOILS OF THE HOMESTEAD AREA M. H. Gallatin Soil Scientist, U.S.D.A., B.P.I.S.A.E., Soils
More informationBMP 6.7.3: Soil Amendment & Restoration
BMP 6.7.3: Soil Amendment & Restoration Soil amendment and restoration is the process of improving disturbed soils and low organic soils by restoring soil porosity and/or adding a soil amendment, such
More informationTexas AgriLife Extension Service
Texas AgriLife Extension Service of leaf matter to root area is necessary to regenerate the food stores necessary to protect plant stands from subsequent stress, and avoids having to build all of the top
More informationCENTER PIVOT DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT FOR FORAGE PRODUCTION. W. Howard Neibling, Glenn E. Shewmaker, and Christi L. Falen 1 ABSTRACT
CENTER PIVOT DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT FOR FORAGE PRODUCTION W. Howard Neibling, Glenn E. Shewmaker, and Christi L. Falen 1 ABSTRACT Center pivots provide an energy and labor-saving, highly uniform method
More informationPractical use of Gypsum for Crop Production
Practical use of Gypsum for Crop Production Practical Use of Gypsum For Crop Production Joe Nester Agronomist and Owner Nester Ag LLC Bryan, OH AUGUST 13, 2014 Joe Nester Nester Ag, LLC Bryan, OH Key Points
More informationWhite Rot Fungicide Evaluations in Fresno County & Nitrogen Balance Progress Report
White Rot Fungicide Evaluations in Fresno County & Nitrogen Balance Progress Report Tom Turini University of California Cooperative Extension, Fresno County White rot of onions and garlic Above ground
More informationOmbrogenous Peat Swamps and Development
Ombrogenous Peat Swamps and Development 1. Background 1.1. Formation of ombrogenous peat swamps Formation of ombrogenous peat is a geogenic process that results in the accumulation of plant debris in an
More informationDrip germination of lettuce: strategies for enhancing lateral movement of moisture around buried drip tape
Drip germination of lettuce: strategies for enhancing lateral movement of moisture around buried drip tape Michael Cahn, UCCE Irrigation and Water Resources Advisor Arnett Young, Monterey County Farm Advisor
More informationEXAMPLE Point A: Sandy Loam: 65% Sand _ 20% Silt _ 15% Clay. Point B: %Sand % Silt % Clay. Point C: %Sand % Silt % Clay. Point D: %Sand % Silt % Clay
SOIL TEXTURE Refers to proportions of sand, silt and clay size particles. These proportions determine water infiltration rates, permeability rates, and water holding rates. Using a soil texture triangle.
More informationCONTROL OF SUGARCANE MOSAIC VIRUS BY HEAT THERAPY
CONTROL OF SUGARCANE MOSAC VRUS BY HEAT THERAPY Agricultural Research Center Giza, Egypt T. K. Kandarsamy TNAU, Coimbatore, ndia ABSTRACT The study was carried out to find a suitable method for sugarcane
More information2016 Iowa FFA Soils Evaluation CDE Exam
2016 Iowa FFA Soils Evaluation CDE Exam 1. Which of the following is true regarding soil horizons? a. A horizon is darker in color and has more organic matter b. B horizon is darker in color and has more
More informationSoil Drainage. Dr. Jim Walworth Dept. of Soil, Water & Environmental Sci. University of Arizona
Soil Drainage Dr. Jim Walworth Dept. of Soil, Water & Environmental Sci. University of Arizona Yield (kg kernel/cm 2 ) Y = (0.04*sand) + 0.79 R 2 = 0.57 Percent Sand Pecans like well-drained soil. In Arizona
More information2012 FINAL SOILS AREA 2 Envirothon Questions Answer KEY
2012 FINAL SOILS AREA 2 Envirothon Questions Answer KEY Questions 1-6 to be answered at the soil pit: 1. Soil scientists categorize soils by drainage classes. What is the drainage class of the soil at
More information2016 Tillage Radish Planting Date x Seeding Rate Trial
2016 Tillage Radish Planting Date x Seeding Rate Trial Dr. Heather Darby, UVM Extension Agronomist Nate Brigham, Erica Cummings Hillary Emick, Abha Gupta, and Sara Ziegler University of Vermont Crops and
More informationclassification, available moisture, nematodes or pesticide residues) are to be measured.
SOIL SAMPLING PROCEDURES The intention of the following information is to aid you in properly taking soil samples under various conditions and for specific purposes. As it has been said many times, "A
More informationPistachio Project Planning, Irrigation Systems and Irrigation Management. Trevor Sluggett Irrigation Agronomist AgriExchange Pty Ltd
Pistachio Project Planning, Irrigation Systems and Irrigation Management Trevor Sluggett Irrigation Agronomist AgriExchange Pty Ltd Excited About Pistachios A nut crop other than Almonds Good demand for
More informationManagement of Solonetzic Soils
Agdex 518-8 Management of Solonetzic Soils Solonetzic soils, often called burnout or gumbo soils, are characterized by a tough, impermeable hardpan that may vary from 5 to 30 cm (2 to 12 in.) or more below
More informationSOIL TEST HANDBOOK FOR GEORGIA
SOIL TEST HANDBOOK FOR GEORGIA Georgia Cooperative Extension College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences The University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602-9105 EDITORS: David E. Kissel Director, Agricultural
More informationSoil quality indicators & plant growth
Plant-soil interaction discussion, Wageningen, 20 April 2016 Soil quality indicators & plant growth Oene Oenema Wageningen University "What chemical and physical soil properties should every plant ecologist
More informationSoil, Water & Plant Relationships. Lecture note for Soil and Water Management Course Prepared by Dr ND Nang
Soil, Water & Plant Relationships Lecture note for Soil and Water Management Course Prepared by Dr ND Nang Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum (SPAC) The SPAC is defined as the movement of water from the soil,
More informationAGRONOMY NOTES. Vol. 29, No. 5, 1996
AGRONOMY NOTES Vol. 29, No. 5, 1996 Differential Black Walnut Growth on a Recommended Soil Map Unit: Investigation of Related Soil Chemical and Physical Properties D.C. Ditsch, J. Stringer and D. McIntosh
More informationON LANDSCAPING, SOILS, SOIL AMENDMENTS AND PROPER SEED ESTABLISHMENT (BOTH GRASS LAWNS AND MEADOWS).
ON LANDSCAPING, SOILS, SOIL AMENDMENTS AND PROPER SEED ESTABLISHMENT (BOTH GRASS LAWNS AND MEADOWS). John D. Chibirka USDA-NRCS Resource Soil Scientist 1238 County Welfare Road, Suite 220 Leesport, PA
More informationEffect of soil structure on phosphate nutrition of crop plants
Reprint Neth. J. agric. 23 (1975): 62-68 Effect of soil structure on phosphate nutrition of crop plants J. Prummel Institute for Soil Fertility, Haren (Gr.), the Netherlands Accepted: 25 November 1974
More informationFertilization, Soils and Cultural Practices EFFECTS OF FLOODING ON SUGARCANE GROWTH. 2. BENEFITS DURING SUBSEQUENT DROUGHT
Fertilization, Soils and Cultural Practices EFFECTS OF FLOODING ON SUGARCANE GROWTH. 2. BENEFITS DURING SUBSEQUENT DROUGHT B. W. Eavis Ministry of Agriculture, Science and Technology Barbados ABSTRACT
More informationSELECTING CRIMSON CLOVER FOR HARD SEED AND LATE MATURITY. G. W. Evers and G. R. Smith
ID #14-01 SELECTING CRIMSON CLOVER FOR HARD SEED AND LATE MATURITY G. W. Evers and G. R. Smith Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center, P. O. Box 200, Overton, Texas, USA Abstract
More informationCrop Management Details Start from Parameters settings Emergence Planting Seed brand: Settings Parameter settings Hybrid-specific Generic
2.3.4. Crop Management Details Start from: A Hybrid-Maize simulation can start from either planting or emergence. Make that choice and select the appropriate date from the month/date boxes on the right.
More information