Roses 2018 Master Gardener Intern Class

Transcription

1 Roses 2018 Master Gardener Intern Class LAUREL OWEN, MASTER GARDENER MARCH 8, 2018 Let s have some fun! Roses in history Development of the one s we know and love Roses in Texas history Rose Rustlers Modern roses Break! Landscaping with roses Planting roses Care Disease Pests Pruning Propagation Break! Pruning clinic in the Rose Garden!! Roses origins Fossils of roses 35 million years old Rose fossil from the American Museum of Natural History, New York) Egypt, Greece and Rome Petrified rose wreaths unearthed from ancient Egyptian tombs. Red roses associated with Aphrodite/ Venus, the goddess of love Rose Detail, Garden Fresco House of the Golden Bracelet, Pompeii 1st century BC Egypt, Cypress, Crete: Rose perfume (Distilling apparatus from Cypress, Capitoline Museum) 1

2 Christian symbolism Devine feminine Common symbol of The Virgin Mary Theotokos, i.e. holy bearer of God Flower of incorruption. Red for her virtue Roses in the Middle Ages Chartres Notre-Dame Cathedral s rose window (Installed ) es-cathedral-stained-glass/ Roses brought back from the crusades approx Rosa gallica officinalis = the Apothecary Rose m/roses2008/la-vie-en-rose.htm War of the Roses, England, 15 th Century White symbolized York Red symbolized Lancaster ( es/history.cfm) 9-things-you-should-knowabout-the-wars-of-the-roses 2

3 The Luther Rose, 1530 Martin Luther s seal a white rose, to show that this faith yields joy, peace, and comfort such as the world cannot give. This rose is white instead of red, because white is the color of spirits and angels. Species roses in Europe Species Roses Species Roses are the very first roses, also known as wild roses, as found in nature with simple flowers and the kind of inherent ruggedness that makes them thrive where no other plant will grow. They bloom annually, usually in the Spring, have thorny stems all but one of them have only five petals. All roses have five sepals. They carry their hips into the winter, providing food for birds and winter color Species-Part-A.pdf Species Roses Species rose is one that grows in a wild population in nature All once bloomers, spring Cherokee Rose, Rosa laevigata, White, Climber 5-15 Georgia state flower Makes a good hedge, pillar, climber Thorny, disease resistant Macartney Rose, Rosa bracteate Invasive pest Imported for hedgerows 3

4 Species Rose Swamp Rose, Rosa palustris scandens 1726 Native to Louisiana east to Florida In Empress Josephine s garden at Malmaison Seven Sisters, Rosa multiflora Platyphylla, pink, mauve, purple clusters Yellow Lady Banks, Rosa banksiae Lutea, Discovered in China and brought to England Thornless, vigorous, not cold tolernt Exploration introduces China and Tea roses to Europe Late 1700 s-early 1800 s botanists brought back repeat blooming roses from China (China) and India (Tea Roses) Crossed with once blooming European roses (Gallicas, Musks, Centifolias, Damasks) New categories of repeat bloomers: Noisettes, Bourbon, Hybrid Perpetuals, Polyanthas, Grandifloras and Hybrid Teas. Repeat blooming: Heavy spring, some summer, heavy fall Disease resistant Prolific, if not individually spectacular blooms Long lived: found on Texas properties long abandoned These are the roses of the old South. Emperor Josephine s Garden Wife of Napoleon Bonaparte Developed a rose garden at Malmaison Approx 200 roses at her death in 1814 Species Centifolia Damask, Mosses Bengals Gallicas Hosted the first rose exhibition Painting of her roses classic illustrations Souvenir de Malmaison, 1844 Old Blush (China) 4

5 China Roses Old Blush 1752, 5-6 Chamoisi Superieur, 1832, 4-6 or climber Louis Philippe, 1834, 3-5 Lynchburg, Lorenzo de Zavala, Texas Minister to France 1834 Archduke Charles, prior to 1837, 3-5 China Roses Mutabalis, prior to 1896, 4-6 Butterfly Rose, Earth-Kind Ducher, 1869, 3-4, Earth-Kind Martha Gonzalez, found rose, 2-3 Tea Roses Duchesse De Brabant, 1857, 3-5 Powdery mildew susceptible, esp. in spring Favorite of Teddy Roosevelt Monsieur Tillier, 1891, 3-6 Carmine, fading to brick red Mrs. B. R. Cant, 1901, 5-7 Bill Welch calls this the most prolific flowering and vigorous Tea rose I have ever grown. Mrs. Dudley Cross 1907, 4-6 Exceptionally healthy A favorite in Texas 5

6 Polyanthas Cross between Chinas and Japanese Multifloras Imported to France 1865 Generally smaller plants and blooms Cecille Brunner, 1881, 3-4, Earth-Kind Delicate pink blooms Perle D Or, 1884, 3-4 Earth-Kind Salmon to orange blooms Marie Pavie, 1888, 2-4, Earth-Kind LaMarne 1915, 4-6 Earth-Kind Texas Antique Roses William C. Welch, PhD, Agrilife Among the heirlooms of a Southern gardener are the horticultural treasures our grandparents loved Old roses are not copies, not restored, not a re-creation. They are the real thing, and, in a world of synthesized, replicated material possessions, real beauty deserves to be cherished and lovingly preserved. William C. Welch, Antique Roses for the South, 2004, p. 3. Mike Shoup, Antique Rose Emporium These are the ultimate time-tested plants From the beginning, we saw their worthiness as disease resistant plants, dispelling the notion that roses are difficult to grow. G. Michael Shoup, Empress of the Garden, 2012, p. 8 The Rose Rustlers and Texas A&M Old Garden Rose OGR : any rose before 1867 (ARS) Bill Welch, Greg Grant, Mike Shoup and many others Cuttings were collected from roses grown in yards, cemeteries, abandoned buildings. Brought to the commercial market by Antique Rose Emporium Bill Welch collecting cuttings from Louis Philipe in Brenham. ( gardening/article/texas-rose-rustlers- work-to-save-heirloom php?t=795370dbbb438d9cbb 6

7 Modern Roses Why the big growth in the rose industry? Post war housing expansion Refrigerated shipping Hybridized roses for the floral industry Tea Floribunda Grandiflora Traits: Vase life Perfect form Not about the fragrance Tournament of Roses Parade Pasadena Hunt Club 1890 A real estate promotion for Pasadena, California Houston Rose Society worked on the Torrance float Commercial Roses at home: Hybrid Tea Long Stem Single bloom on stem Good for cutting Generally too disease prone to be easy to grow here Frequent spraying for Fungus Pests/bugs Peace, Veteran s Honor 7

8 Commercial Roses: Floribunda Grouped blossoms Tend to be smaller plants Plant in drifts or groups Julia Child Disneyland Grandiflora Hybrid tea crossed with Floribunda 4-6 tall Lots of hybrid tea like flowers Care is the same as hybrid tea Rock and Roll, Melody Perfume Modern ShrubsKnockout/Drift Knockout,2000, 3 x3 Vigorous, prolific flowering Susceptible to Rose Rosette Drift, 3 x2 8 colors Clusters of petite flowers Disease resistant foliage on a vigorous, hardy, carefree shrub. Belinda s Dream, 1992, 5 x5, Earth-Kind Developed by Robert Bayse at A&M Healthy, fragrant, prolific flowering 8

9 Take a Break! Landscaping with roses Formal Garden Geometric Limited plant selection Defined edges Manicured Cottage Garden Free form Mixed plants Riot of color Landscaping with roses Specimen OGR Climber Tea Drift of one rose Floribunda Knockout/Drift 9

10 Planting Considerations Adequate space for the rose to breath and grow Hi and dry! Drainage must be good Raised beds are your friend Soil: 1/3 sand, 1/3 compost, 1/3 soil (Texas Soils Primo= Living Earth Rose Mildly acidic (peat moss, pine, sulfur) Sun: 6 hours daily Protection : Oak tree: tent caterpillar Deer Gophers/Armadillos Mulch Basin Water 1 inch/week Planting Hole twice as wide as container and a little deeper Fill hole with water to check drainage Bud union/graft slightly above grade Spread roots and add soil gradually Lay a cane or shovel handle across hole to check depth Mild fertilizer, rose fertilizer Mulch Basin Water in Care: mulch, water, fertilizer Compost Peat Moss Garden compost Gypsum Mulch that breaks down Shredded bark Pine needles Add spring and fall Regular watering: 1 inch/week Prefer a good, long soak Watering berms Consider a drip system Avoid lawn overspray Fertilizer Roses like a regular diet Short acting Compost tea Liquid fertilizer Foliar feeding, Hasta Grow Long acting Bayer Weed control Miracle Gro Rose food Vinegar Preen Avoid Roundup 10

11 Disease: Rose rosette Caused by a virus, first isolated in 2011 Eryophyid Mites are the presumed vector Pathology: Fast growing, funny looking canes Blooms cabbage shaped, tiny, may not open No cure Knockouts susceptible A big issue in Dallas/Fort Worth area but not here Apparently not transmitted by pruning practices What to do? Prune by shovel: Remove symptomatic rose ASAP and a big hole of dirt under and around it Bag and trash it. Don t compost it Treat nearby plants with miticide Monitor nearby plants weekly for further problems 15/03/rose-rosette-disease/ Disease: Black Spot Fungal infection Black spots or patches on leaves Leaves become yellow and fall off Inevitable in rainy weather Spores active at degrees Spread by water or clippers, etc. Treatment: Strong water spray to remove damaged leaves Systemic or spray fungicide Remove last year s mulch Dip clippers in bleach solution To avoid, choose resistant plants! 0/03/combating-national-roserosette-disease-crisis-focus-oftexas-study/ Demystified: am815.pdf Disease: Powdery Mildew Caused by: Too wet Not enough air circulation Not enough sun Too much nitrogen Choosing susceptible plants Melida R. Cordell, Rose to the Occasion, 2016, pp

12 Pests: Aphids Deform buds and flowers Early in growing season Treatment: Soap spray Insecticidal spray Systemic insecticide Pests: Thrips Thrips feed on rose petals and damage blooms Spray regularly with water Neem oil spray Get rid of damaged blooms that may harbor eggs Systemic insecticide also works Pests: Tent Caterpillars Eat plants Spray with BT (bacillus thuringiensus) Liquid spray Paralyzes insect gut, caterpillars stop eating and starve Safe for organic gardening 12

13 Pruning Tea and Floribunda Roses Pruning Shrub Roses Minimal pruning May use grass shears Remove diseased tissue, crossed branches Take up to 1/3 of the plant Know your plant: What is its best form? Pruning Climbing Roses Retain old healthy shoots Remove unhealthy or badly positioned shoots Shorten the tips Reduce side shoots Cut retained side shoots to two or three buds Tie stems to support oors/gardens/planting-andmaintenance/how-toprune-climbing-roses 13

14 Propogating roses Cut a healthy, smooth, green cane that has finished flowering. Thickness of a pencil 12 inch with 6-7 growth buds Trim away tip and lower shoots 45 degree angle cut base, straight cut top Treat base and below-ground growth buds with rooting hormone. Propogating Roses Use dibble to make a hole (chop sticks around here ) Place cutting up to 2/3 of their length in soil or rooting medium ( 2 parts sharp sand to 1 part peat) Label each container Various approaches. 14