READINGS IN MALAYSIAN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING

Transcription

1 READINGS IN MALAYSIAN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING MARIANA MOHAMED OSMAN MANSOR IBRAHIM SYAHRIAH BACHOK INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA i

2 Published by: IIUM Press International Islamic University Malaysia First Edition, 2011 IIUM Press, IIUM Individual contributors copyright Prof. Dato Dr. Mansor Ibrahim, Prof. Dato Dr. Alias Abdullah, Prof. Dr. Mohammad Abdul Mohit, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdul Azeez Kadar Hamsa, Asst. Prof. Dr. Rustam Khairi Zahari, Asst. Prof. Dr. Mariana Mohamed Osman, Br. Samsuddin Jaafar, Asst. Prof. Dr. Lukman Hakim Mahamod, Asst. Prof. Dr. M. Zainora Asmawi, Asst. Prof. Dr. Azila Ahmad Sarkawi, Asst. Prof. Dr. Syafiee Shuid, Asst. Prof. Dr. Norzailawati Mohd Nor, Muhammad Ali A Rahman. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without any prior written permission of the publisher. Mariana Mohamed Osman Readings in Malaysian Urban and Regional Planning Mariana Mohamed Osman Printed by: IIUM PRINTING SDN.BHD. No. 1, Jalan Industri Batu Caves 1/3 Taman Perindustrian Batu Caves Batu Caves Centre Point Batu Caves Selangor Darul Ehsan ii

3 CONTENTS List of Tables List of Figures Foreword Preface Contributors v vi vii ix xi CHAPTER 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO PETRI-NET 1 Syahriah Bachok, Mansor Ibrahim and Ummi Aqilah CHAPTER 2: PLANNING LEGISLATION IN A VIEW OF 8 FEDERALISM IN MALAYSIA Azila Ahmad Sarkawi CHAPTER 3: HOTEL ROOM SUPPLY AND DEMAND IN WORLD 16 HERITAGE CITY OF MELAKA Mohammad Abdul Mohit, Syahriah Bachok and Syakir Amir Ab. Rahman CHAPTER 4: AN ANALYSIS ON THE FACTORS INFLUENCING 22 THE DEVELOPMENT OF GATED AND GUARDED COMMUNITIES IN KUALA LUMPUR Mariana Mohamed Osman, Syariah Bachok and Noor Suzilawati Rabe CHAPTER 5: DETERMINATION OF SPATIAL FACTOR IN 32 MEASURING URBAN SPRAWL USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPROACH Norzailawati Mohd Nor and Alias Abdullah CHAPTER 6: CHAPTER 7: DEVELOPMENTAL STATE OR NE0-LIBERAL 39 POLICY? HOUSING PROVISION IN MALAYSIA AT THE CROSSROAD Syafiee Shuid RESIDENTS SATISFACTION WITH YOUNGER 49 AND OLDER CONDOMINIUMS IN KUALA LUMPUR, iii

4 MALAYSIA Mohammad Abdul Mohit and Ashim Oladimeji Ogundele CHAPTER 8: KUALA LUMPUR DRAFT CITY PLAN 2020 LOCAL 61 INQUIRY: AN ANALYSIS OF ITS SHORTCOMINGS Alias Abdullah, Zulaikha Nurulzuhri Zahar and Muhammad Faris Abdullah CHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS ANALYSES 67 AMONG STUDENTS IN INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA (IIUM), GOMBAK CAMPUS Mariana Mohamed Osman, Syahriah Bachok and Aisyah Nadhrah Ibrahim CHAPTER 10: HEALTH IMPACT DUE TO PARTICULATES MATTER 74 EMISSION FROM CONSTRUCTION SITE Shamzani Affendy Mohd Din and Nik Nurul Hidayah Nik Yahya CHAPTER 11: PUBLIC FACILITIES PROVISIONS IN HOMESTAY 81 PROGRAMME: A CASE OF HOMESTAY SUNGAI HAJI DORANI, SABAK BERNAM, SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN. Noraini Tukiman, Muhammad Ali A. Rahman and Mansor Ibrahim CHAPTER 12: LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN MALAYSIA: ISSUES AND 90 CHALLENGES Raja Noriza Raja Ariffin and Rustam Khairi Zahari CONCLUSION 99 iv

5 LIST OF TABLES Tables Titles Pages Table 1.1: Accident-causing factors 4 Table 2.1: Administration of Town and Country Planning at the 12 Federal Level Table 2.2: Administration of Town and Country Planning at the 13 State Level Table 3.1: Hotel room supply in Melaka ( ) 18 Table 3.2: Hotel guest in Melaka 18 Table 3.3: Hotel room demand 19 Figure 4.1: Monthly household income (RM) 20 Table 5.1. Parameter for spatial factors 34 Table 5.2. Types of development at 500m distance from 36 residential point. Table 6.1: Characteristics of the Developmental State Model 41 Table 6.2: Comparison of the Malaysian Low Cost Housing Provision Model 45 Table 7.1: Table 8.1: Components and variables selected for measuring residential satisfaction. Problems and limitations faced by panel members during KLCP Table 9.4: Correlate Test between gender, age, level of education 70 Table 11.1: The proportional allocation of sample taken from each group 83 Table 11.2 : Respondents Profile Background 84 Table 11.3 : Motivation and travel pattern 85 Table 11.4: Visitors satisfaction on provision of public facilities 87 Table 12.1: Time Taken (in days) for Grant Disbursement from the State to the Local Authorities, Table 12. 2: Number of Professionals Employed in Local Councils 94 Table 12.3: The ratio of staff to residents and the ratio of staff to the area under local authorities 95 v

6 LIST OF FIGURES figures titles Pages Figure 1.1: Example of a simple Petri net 2 Figure 1.2 : Railroad segments 4 Figure 1.3: Petri net model of a level crossing 4 Figure1.4: Block section with signal light 6 Figure 5.1: Figure 7.1: Figure 7.2: The value changes based on spatial parameter of (a) highway strips and (b) segregation of land use. Study Area and Sites within Local, Regional and National Setting Overall Residents Satisfaction with Condominium Management Figure 7.3: Overall Residents Satisfaction 56 Figure 9.1: Figure 10.1: Figure10. 2: Changes in behavior due to environmental concern Airborne Particulates Sampling Result at KLIA 2 Types of illness being faced by the workers vi

7 FOREWARD Readings In Malaysian Urban and Regional Planning is one of the many activities undertaken by the Department of Urban and Regional Planning (URP), Kulliyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia to disseminate knowledge and information pertaining to town and country planning to its students as well as to the public. Urban and Regional Planning is very broad based subject that covers technical and political process concerned with the control of the use of land and design of the urban environment, including transportation networks, to guide and ensure the orderly development of settlement and communities. The publication of this book is also very timely as according to the 2010 Malaysian census, more than 70 percent of Malaysia's population are currently living in the country's many urbanised areas; demonstrating an increase of nine percent in the last decade. Furthermore, it is anticipated that this trend will continue in the near future. Urban centres of Malaysia are facing various changes and challenges; while the communities are becoming more knowledgeable of their rights and demanding the services that they deserved. For instance, many cities in Malaysia are experiencing drastic increase in population for the past decades and the existing and aging infrastructure of many locales may not be able to cater to their needs or are operating beyond their designated carrying capacity. The migration from rural to urban centres, in addition to those from the surrounding region, not only brings about housing issues, but also the corresponding services such as water supply, electricity, communications, waste disposal and transportation. At the same time, the authorities and the community at large must also address the impacts of global warming/climate change in order to minimise its risks and implications - with special attention being given to the most vulnerable groups of the society. vii

8 This Book acts as a medium for URP members and others to engage in research and writing articles that could contribute to the advancement of the theory and practice of town and country planning. Undertaking research and writing articles to be published in this Book is one of the means for URP members fulfill their Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programs requirement. The wide ranging topics in this Book reflect the various dimensions of urban planning that is holistic and comprehensive. One of the key objectives of this book is to provide a platform for the member of Department of Urban and Regional Planning, KAED IIUM to share new ideas and experiences on urban planning. Such new ideas are by research, studies undertaken or actual handson experiences of the members of URP Department. Thus I hope this Book provides a better insight to all readers of the broad dimensions that urban or town planning has and the role town planners play in growth and development of the nation. Topics which are covered and discussed in this Book would definitely promote better understanding on current issues, new ideas and concepts, and latest technology that affecting the practice and profession of town planning in this country. Experiences and suggestions put forward by the authors in this Book could be used or adopted into practice by Malaysian planners in carrying out their professional role. This book is a humble attempt by the URP staffs, young and experienced, to address and compile various issues and perspectives of urban and regional planning in the Malaysian context. Congratulation to the authors for their excellent effort and materials published in this Book. Prof. Dato Dr Alias Abdullah PRESIDENT MIP (2010-CURRENT) viii

9 PREFACE A book of this nature has been the intention of several academics in the Kullliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, at the International Islamic University, Malaysia. What finally precipitated it was a motivation from the faculty and the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, to write the text for some 10 chapters for the university s bid for RU status. The research team continued researching a wider range of topics, and added other colleagues to their numbers, to complete this more academic volume, using no funds to cover further research and publication costs. This book is written centrally with the students of the built environment in mind. There have been significant previous contributions of ideas by the professors in the Department of Urban and Regional Planning leading to these collections of materials called Readers in Malaysian Urban and Regional Planning. The varied readings in this book began with the theoretical and best practice examples of an incident or risk quantification software programme used in transportation planning known as Petri-Net. The next chapter identifies the relevant planning legislations in a view of Federalism in Malaysia. For many urban planning students, practitioners and experts, an introduction to the Federalisation of the state and its implications on planning has been provided by Azila Ahmad Sarkawi in great detail. The third chapter concentrates on the tourism aspects of urban and regional planning. The authors discuss the state, challenges and initiatives related to the sustainability of hotel room supply and demand in world heritage city of Melaka. This chapter, written by Mohammad Abdul Mohit and his co-authors, dwells very much with the pertinent issues faced by a living historical city of Melaka, which has been included in the UNESCO heritage list. ix

10 The diversity of the chapters is also demonstrated by the discussion put forward in the authors contribution in the Developmental state or neo-liberal policy? Housing provision in Malaysia at the crossroad. Syafiee Shuid, the author, chronologically listed the historical developments of housing in Malaysia, focusing on the varied policies adopted throughout these periods. Another chapter on housing is also written by Mohammad Abdul Mohit and his co-authors. Residents satisfaction with younger and older condominiums in Kuala Lumpur is generally an analysis of data collected from comprehensive surveys on residents of high-rise housing development in the capital city. Students and readers alike will find Kuala Lumpur Draft City Plan 2020 Local Inquiry: An analysis of its shortcomings very useful in understanding and appreciating the public participation issues and challenges in the realm of urban and regional planning. Similarly, a chapter entitled Environmental Awareness analyses among students in International Islamic University (IIUM), Gombak campus highlights the findings from a comprehensive survey conducted on students of the university. Finally, the book slightly alters the perspective of urban and regional planning by concentrating on the environmental and health impacts of particulates matters emitted largely by construction sites. It is highly envisaged that students and readers alike will benefits from these reading materials. Diverse topics and contributors enrich the book, the contents and the writing styles. Lastly, it is hoped that reception by readers can be exhibited by bidirectional correspondences and further expansion of these research areas in the near future. Editors December 2011 x

11 CONTRIBUTORS Aishah Nadhah Ibrahim, Post-graduate Student, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Dato Dr. Alias Abdullah, Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Dr. Azila Ahmad Sarkawi, Assistant Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Dr. Mariana Mohamed Osman, Assistant Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Dr. Mohammad Abdul Mohit, Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Dato Dr. Mansor Ibrahim, Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Dr. M. Zainora Asmawi, Assistant Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Muhammad Faris Abdullah, lecturer, Department of Urban and Regional xi

12 Muhammad Ali A Rahman, lecturer, Department of Urban and Regional Nuraini Tukiman, Post-graduate Student, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Nik Nurul Hidayah Nik Yahya, Post-graduate Student, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Syakir Amir, Post-graduate Student, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Dr. Rustam Khairi Zahari, Assistant Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Dr. Shamzani Affendy Mohd Din, Assistant Professor, Department of Building Engineering and Technology, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Dr Norzailawati Mohd Noor, Lecturer, Department of Urban and Regional Dr. Syafiee Shuid, Assistant Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Dr. Syahriah Bachok, Assistant Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, xii

13 International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Syazwani Sahrir, Post-graduate Student, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Ummi Aqilah, Post-graduate Student, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Zulaikha Nurulzuhri Zahar, under-graduate Student, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, xiii