Summarizing the Needs, Feasibility, and Challenges

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1 Vietnam National EPI Solar Direct-Drive Refrigerators in Vietnam Summarizing the Needs, Feasibility, and Challenges Dr. Nguyen Van Cuong, Vietnam National EPI

2 2 Vietnam National EPI Contents Vietnam and its NEPI profile Our goal Health system needs Monitored sites Results Acceptability and feasibility Challenges and lessons learned Conclusion Abbreviation: NEPI, National Expanded Programme on Immunization.

3 3 Vietnam National EPI Vietnam and its NEPI profile Vietnam Population: 90.7 million people (2014). Surviving birth cohort: 1,718,012 (2014). Climate: The winter monsoon between October and March brings damp, cold conditions to the north, and hot, dry weather to the south. Between May and October, the summer monsoon brings hot, wet, humid conditions. Vietnam National Expanded Program on Immunization Harmonious combination between the state management from commune, district, provincial, regional, to national structure.

4 4 Vietnam National EPI Our goal Assessing the viability of solar direct-drive technologies for storing vaccines in different regions of Vietnam with regard to equipment performance, cost, and available solar energy.

5 5 Vietnam National EPI Health system needs Problems Required temperature: 2 C to 8 C. Unreliable power conditions. Previous solar vaccine refrigerators were expensive. Battery was large and costly for maintenance. Possible solution Direct-drive solar refrigerators store energy in the form of ice in the cooling system. True Energy BLF 100 DC Sure Chill vaccine refrigerator. Dometic TCW 2000 SDD: Ice-lined refrigerator and ice pack freezer (PQS certified E003/035). Dometic TCW 40 SDD refrigerator. Abbreviations: PQS, performance, quality, and safety; SDD, solar direct drive.

solar (True Energy) Optimize Project (Dec. 2011 Oct.

6 Monitored Sites HANOI National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (2014) 6 Vietnam National EPI Phu Tho province Hoang Sa TCW 2000 SDD (Dometic) Sure Chill solar (True Energy) Optimize Project (Dec Oct. 2012) Nha Trang Pasteur Institute (From Jan. 2015) Ben Tre province Truong Sa TCW 40 SDD (Dometic) (From Jan. 2015)

7 7 Vietnam National EPI RESULTS

8 Vietnam National EPI Temperature performance of

8 8 Vietnam National EPI Temperature performance of Sure Chill Sure Chill solar refrigerator maintained extremely stable temperatures. Fluctuated only between 4 C and 5 C for most of the operating period of the year. Comparison of solar refrigerator and grid-electric refrigerator temperatures in Phu Tho.

9 9 Vietnam National EPI Dometic TCW 2000 SDD: Ice-lined refrigerator and ice pack freezer Ice Lining Refrigerator Freezer In Hanoi, temperatures inside TCW 2000 SDD are always above 8 C

10 10 Vietnam National EPI Comparing electric refrigerator temperatures in Nha Trang (refrigerator box) Dometic TCW 2000 solar direct drive Dometic TCW 2000 DC

11 11 Vietnam National EPI Comparing electric refrigerator temperatures in Nha Trang (freezer box) Dometic TCW 2000 solar direct drive Dometic TCW 2000 DC

12 12 Vietnam National EPI Temperature performance of Dometic TCW 40 SDD refrigerator in Ben Tre

13 13 Vietnam National EPI Technical issues Both Sure Chill solar refrigerators experienced major system failures in November/December 2011 and again in the summer and fall Compressor controller and the compressor failed. True Energy and Secop determined the cause was an internal component. Dometic TCW 2000 SDD ice-lined refrigerator and ice pack freezer: Ice-lined refrigerator temperature performance is acceptable in the South (Nha Trang: 1 C to 4 C) but not in the North (Ha Noi: >8 C). Ice pack freezer temperature performance very different by day and by night (-19 C to 1 C) in Nha Trang.

14 14 National EPI Acceptability and feasibility Pros Stable temperature, which makes it secure for vaccines. No freezing temperatures. No need to worry about vaccines during power cuts. Saves electricity cost. Functions even in winter when the weather is cloudy (north) for Sure Chill solar. Cons Too much condensation in the refrigerator, which makes it very wet, and it is loud (Sure Chill solar). Difficult and scary to climb to the roof to clean the solar panels. No one available with the right knowledge and experience to fix the refrigerator if it breaks. Temperature fluctuation between days and nights is significant (TCW 2000 SDD freezer box).

15 15 Vietnam National EPI CHALLENGES AND LESSONS LEARNED

16 Vietnam National EPI Fungus growth on vaccine boxes (Sure Chill solar refrigerator) Condensation constantly formed on cold surfaces, including the vaccine boxes.

16 16 Vietnam National EPI Fungus growth on vaccine boxes (Sure Chill solar refrigerator) Condensation constantly formed on cold surfaces, including the vaccine boxes. Unacceptable wet condition; water was pooled in the shelf and dripped down. Trial: Air-tight plastic boxes to hold vaccine boxes to protect against the moist air and mold growth.

17 17 Vietnam National EPI Technical support for refrigerator maintenance and repair Lack of knowledge and expertise of local technicians with the equipment. Rely heavily on the manufacturer. Recommendation: Identify and train local technicians.

18 18 Vietnam National EPI Conclusion Dometic TCW 2000 SDD: Ice-lined refrigerator and ice pack freezer and TCW 40 SDD refrigerator can be used for storing vaccine only in the South of Vietnam (e.g., hot dry weather). BLF 100 DC Sure Chill demonstrated extremely stable temperature performance (4 C to 5 C) throughout the year (even in the low-light condition during the winter in northern Vietnam). Valuable experience for NEPI, manufacturers, and other potential users around the world. New Sure Chill model was developed incorporating modifications from the experience in Vietnam.

19 19 Vietnam National EPI Acknowledgment We thank the following organizations for their support: Project Optimize (a PATH and World Health Organization collaboration) Dometic True Energy

20 oto credit: Philippe Blanc 20 Vietnam National EPI THANK YOU!

SOLAR VACCINE REFRIGERATOR TCW 2000 SDD PRODUCT DESCRIPTION. Icelined refrigerator and icepack freezer

SOLAR VACCINE REFRIGERATOR TCW 2000 SDD Icelined refrigerator and icepack freezer SKU: TCW 2000 SDD Categories: Cold Chain, Solar Vaccine Refrigerators PRODUCT DESCRIPTION The new TCW2000 SDD (Solar Direct