2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Ontario Regulation 102/94

Transcription

1 University of Toronto 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Ontario Regulation 102/94 Prepared for: University of Toronto 27 King s College Circle Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1 Prepared by: Taylor Purdy 2259 Lamont Street Windsor, Ontario, N9E 4X5 Phone: (519) purdyt@uwindsor.ca April 2013

2 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto April 2013 Executive Summary A solid non-hazardous waste audit was conducted at the University of Toronto (U of T), located at 27 King s College Circle in Toronto, Ontario. A 24-hour sample of waste totalling approximately kg was collected from the facility and audited April 1-5, Waste was collected from the various waste generation areas in the facility, including cafeterias, offices, public areas, labs, washrooms, and outdoor bins. The following list summarizes the average overall waste composition determined from the audit: Other/Non-Recyclables: 37.67% Organics/Food Waste: 24.63% Paper Towels: 16.89% Mixed Containers (#1, #2, #5 plastic, glass, aluminum, tetra, gable top) 4.83% Coffee Cups: 4.63% Mixed Papers (fine paper, newsprint, Magazines, boxboard) 3.08% Polystyrene (#6 Plastics): 2.52% Bulky Plastics: 2.40% E-Waste / Electronics: 1.83% Corrugated Cardboard: 1.46% Scrap Metal: 0.07% Scrap Wood: 0.00% LDPE Plastic Film: 0.00% Through discussions with U of T personnel and service providers, estimates of the annual amounts of waste materials generated were determined. It was estimated that the facility will have generated an approximate total of metric tonnes (MT) of solid non-hazardous waste from May 2012-April Materials diverted from landfill through existing recycling/reuse programs include cardboard, mixed papers, mixed containers (plastics and metals), scrap wood, scrap metal, paper towel, coffee cups, batteries, light bulbs, electronic goods, yard waste, animal bedding, soil, asphalt, polystyrene, and organics. The total amount of waste material diverted from landfill over this period through existing recycling/reuse programs was approximately MT. The following table summarizes the quantities of wastes re-used, recycled and disposed in from May April 13: Waste Quantities Re-Used, Recycled and Disposed Material Total Waste (Metric Tonnes) Percent Waste Disposed to Landfill % Material Recycled % Material Reused % Material Reduced % Total Waste Generated % i

3 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto April 2013 Based on the total amount of waste generated and materials reduced/recycled/reused, the waste diversion rate through existing programs at U of T is approximately 71.5%. The facility s waste diversion rate significantly exceeds the MOE s provincial objective of 60% diversion to be achieved by year U of T s management team are interested in reducing wastes disposed to landfill and maintaining a high waste diversion rate. ii

4 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto April 2013 Table of Contents Executive Summary......i 1 Introduction Purpose Scope of Work Waste Audit Results Methodology Sources of Waste Generation Waste Quantities, Composition & Distribution Diversion Programs & Waste Systems Waste Diversion Programs Waste Disposal Systems Waste Annual Diversion Rate Waste Audit Summary & Waste Reduction Work Plan Conclusions & Recommendations...10 Appendices Appendix A... Supporting Documentation. Appendix B... Waste Audit Data. Appendix C... Waste Audit Summary. Appendix D... Waste Reduction Work Plan Summary. iii

5 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto April Introduction A solid non-hazardous waste audit was conducted at the University of Toronto (U of T), located at 27 King s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario. U of T is a large multi-building, multi-facility community with approximately 60 thousand students, staff and faculty occupying several major city blocks in over 140 buildings that generate waste and recycling materials. U of T conducted the audit proactively to remain in compliance with O.Reg. 102/94. Separation programs are currently implemented at the facility. U of T is interested in waste reduction solutions to reduce the amount of wastes disposed to landfills and reduce their impact on the environment. 1.1 Purpose The purpose of the solid non-hazardous waste audit was to: Comply with Ontario Regulation 102/94 Waste Audits and Waste Reduction Work Plans Part XI, which requires educational institutions to conduct a waste audit covering the waste generated by the establishment, and prepare and implement a waste reduction work plan on an annual basis if, at the location or campus, at any time during the calendar year, more than 350 persons are enrolled. Determine the current annual waste diversion rate for the facility resulting from existing waste reduction, reuse, and recycling programs; Identify and quantify the composition and point of generation of waste at the facility; Identify any additional opportunities for waste reduction and diversion that may exist at the facility; and Address any specific concerns or opportunities identified during the study. 1.2 Scope of Work To satisfy the purpose of the waste audit, the following scope of work was completed: Collected data pertaining to waste composition and collection practices at U of T on April 1-5, 2013; Determined the total quantity of waste diverted from landfill through current reduction, reuse, and recycling initiatives at the facility; and Completed a waste audit report summarizing the results of the audit, including preparation of a Waste Audit Report Summary and a Waste Reduction Action Plan. 1

6 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto April Waste Audit Results 2.1 Methodology Waste categories were established prior to the audit based on the MOE's O.Reg. 103/94 requirements for source separation at educational institutions and other categories of value, including: Aluminum food or beverage cans Cardboard (corrugated) Fine paper Glass bottles and jars for food or beverages Newsprint Steel food or beverage cans In addition to these standard categories other important waste categories such as mixed containers, mixed paper, organic food waste, polystyrene, paper towels, etc. were included based on the actual waste audited during the site visit. In coordination with U of T personnel, a 24-hr sample of waste was collected and sampled to determine the composition of waste disposed to landfill. The sample was sorted by qualified auditors on April 1-5, 2013 using containers to keep materials separate as well as a portable certified scale and relevant safety gear. Refer to Appendix A for a copy of the scale calibration certificate. The total weight of the 24-hr sample was recorded. Waste was then unloaded, sorted into individual waste categories, weighted, and disposed of in an appropriate waste container. The total amount of materials source separated by the facility for recycling over the twenty-four hour period were not collected and categorized during the audit. Annual quantities of reused and recycled materials were however reviewed and included in the audit results. On March 25-28, visual inspections of waste compactor loads were conducted to identify obvious divertable wastes that do not belong in the trash. Emphasis was placed on recyclable materials, large and special items such as furniture, electronics, scrap metals, construction waste, large plastic items, and source separated recyclables that should not have been thrown in the garbage compactor by staff. Compactor audit results can be found in Appendix B. 2.2 Sources of Waste Generation A review of the waste generating areas and activities at U of T identified the following sources of waste generation: Cafeterias Offices Public Areas Labs Washrooms Outdoor Bins 2

7 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto April 2013 In general, the goal of the audit was to examine the quantity and nature of wastes generated by the U of T facility. 2.3 Waste Quantities, Composition, and Distribution One of the key aspects of O. Reg. 102/94 is for waste generators to gain a good understanding of the areas of their operation that generate the most waste, how it is generated, and to determine its composition. In doing so, the generator can become aware of what waste stream categories require attention for improvement. In total, kg of waste was collected as a 24-hour sample. A kg subsample was sorted for the audit. The breakdown of the overall waste sorted during the audit is summarized in Table 1: Table 1: Waste Generated Overall Subsample Waste Quantities Waste Category U of T kg % Other/Non-Recyclables: % Organics/Food Waste: % Paper Towels: % Mixed Containers (#1, #2, #5 plastic, % glass, aluminum, tetra, gable top) Coffee Cups: % Mixed Papers (fine paper, newsprint, % Magazines, boxboard) Polystyrene (#6 Plastics): % Bulky Plastics: % E-Waste / Electronics: % Corrugated Cardboard: % Scrap Metal: % Scrap Wood: % LDPE Plastic Film: % Total Waste Generated % Figure 1 summarizes the average overall waste composition generated at U of T based on the waste sample collected in April 2013: 3

8 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto April 2013 Figure 1: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario 2013 Composition of Waste Disposed to Landfill (Based on 24 Hour Subsample) Non-Recyclable Items 37.67% Mixed Papers 3.08% Mixed Containers 4.83% Cardboard 1.46% Coffee Cups 4.63% Polystytrene 2.52% Bulky Plastics 2.40% Organics 24.63% Scrap Metal 0.07% Electronics 1.83% Paper Towels 16.89% Note: scrap metal and LDPE plastic film are not included in the graph since they were not uncovered in the audit. Summary tables, including waste compositions by generation area and building, weights and percentages, are included in Appendix B. Based on the total amount of waste audited, the largest primary categories (i.e. > 5%) of waste generated at the different areas of the facility were as follows: Cafeterias o Organics: 51.26% o Non-Recyclable Items: 30.41% o Mixed Containers PET, glass, aluminum cans, HDPE, PP, Tetra, Gable Top: 7.62% Offices o Non-Recyclable Items: 42.95% o Organics: 29.70% o Coffee cups: 7.73% o Bulky Plastics: 5.28% o Mixed Containers PET, glass, aluminum cans, HDPE, PP, Tetra, Gable Top: 5.28% 4

9 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto April 2013 o Mixed Papers fine paper, newsprint, magazines, boxboard: 5.08% Public Areas o Mixed Papers fine paper, newsprint, magazines, boxboard: 5.11% o Mixed Containers PET, glass, aluminum cans, HDPE, PP, Tetra, Gable Top: 7.99% o Cardboard: 5.94% o Coffee cups: 6.29% o Polystyrene: 5.20% o Organics: 27.26% o Non-Recyclable Items: 38.48% Washrooms o Paper towels: 86.67% o Electronics: 9.58% Labs o Non-Recyclable Items: 83.12% o Organics: 5.82% Outdoor Waste Bins o Organics: 73.95% o Non-Recyclable Items: 18.65% Miscellaneous o Non-Recyclable Items: 44.97% o Organics: 24.42% o Coffee cups: 14.79% o Mixed Containers PET, glass, aluminum cans, HDPE, PP, Tetra, Gable Top: 6.70% U of T currently has recycling/diversion programs implemented for all of the recyclable material found in the waste. The most predominant categories of recyclables in the waste sample were organics, coffee cups, mixed containers, paper towels, and mixed papers. U of T may wish to review its collection procedures and promote recycling initiatives throughout campus. 5

10 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto April 2013 O.Reg. 103/94 requires that educational institutions source separate the following materials (at a minimum): Aluminum food or beverage cans (including cans made primarily of aluminum) Cardboard (corrugated) Fine paper Glass bottles and jars for food or beverages Newsprint Steel food or beverage cans (including cans made primarily of steel) Figure 2 compares the quantity of these mandatory recyclable materials compared to other recyclable materials found in the 24-hr sample, as well as non-recyclable materials. Figure 2: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario % of Recyclables in Waste Sample: O.Reg. 103/94 vs. Other Recyclables vs. Non-Recyclables 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Non-Recyclable Items Other Recyclables O.Reg. 103/94 Mandatory Recyclables Approximately 8.1% of the total 24-hr waste sample was made up of mandatory recyclables per O.Reg. 103/94. The largest component of the mandatory recyclable group was mixed containers (approximately 4.83% of the entire sample). Approximately 53.7% of the sample consisted of Other Recyclables (items that can be recycled, but are not mandatory under O.Reg. 103/94). The largest components of the Other Recyclable group were organics and paper towels. U of T may wish to investigate the opportunity to promote/enforce existing recycling programs for these materials to cut down on waste sent to landfill. Approximately 38.2% of the waste sample consisted of non-recyclable items. 6

11 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto April Diversion Programs & Waste Systems 3.1 Waste Diversion Programs As part of the waste audit, discussions were held with U of T personnel to gain an understanding of the waste diversion practices currently in place at the facility. Table 2 summarizes the amount of waste diverted from landfills due to the recycling/reuse initiatives implemented at the facility. Table 2: Waste Diversion Summary Waste Category Recycled/Reused/Reduced Quantity (MT) Mixed Paper Recycled Paper Towels Recycled Miscellaneous Paper Recycled 1.5 Cardboard Recycled Paper Shredding Recycled Scrap Metal Recycled 75.0 Scrap Wood Recycled Yard waste Recycled 52.1 Yard waste from construction projects Recycled 6.0 Animal bedding Recycled Soil & plants Recycled 29.8 Plant & tree use, composting Recycled 14.0 Grass & wood mulch Recycled 48.0 Asphalt Recycled Stone, pavers & screening Recycled 30.0 Soil from construction projects Recycled Concrete from construction Recycled Clean fill Recycled 15.0 Catch basin material Recycled 75.0 Swap Shop - Out, including pad Recycled 17.7 In Swap Recycled 12.0 Pallets Reused 14.6 Batteries Recycled 2.9 Fluorescents Recycled 7.9 Polystyrene Recycled 4.1 Organics Recycled Aero. Misc. pick ups Recycled Chestnut Organics Recycled Chestnut B & C Recycled M. Hall B & C Recycled 23.5 Bottles & cans etc. Recycled

12 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto April 2013 Coffee cups Recycled 11.0 Amber bottles Recycled 3.0 Computers, equipment, disks, cartridges Recycled 34.5 Mixed plastics Recycled 9.2 Lab glass & plastic est. Recycled 7.0 Canada Fibers Compactor Recycled Lug-A-Mug Program Reduced 73.9 Photocopier Double-Sided Printing Reduced 32.2 Phone Book Reduced 2.7 Lab Glass Pail Reduced Therefore, the total amount of waste material diverted from landfill from May 2012-April 2013 was approximately MT. 3.2 Waste Disposal Systems Based on the information provided by U of T, approximately MT of solid non-hazardous waste was disposed from the site to landfill from May 2012-April Wastes are collected throughout the facility and transferred into various compactors located throughout campus. 3.3 Waste Annual Diversion Rate Waste Diversion Rate is the percentage of waste materials that a facility diverts from landfill due to reduce, reuse and recycling (i.e. 3Rs) initiatives versus the total amount of waste generated (i.e. 3Rs plus landfilled). According to the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Waste Diversion Rate is calculated as follows: Total Waste Diverted(3Rs) Waste DiversionRate * 100% Total Waste Generated = ( MT / MT) * 100 = 71.5% Based on the total amount of waste generated, as well as materials recycled and reused, the annual waste diversion rate through existing programs at U of T is approximately 71.5%. Table 3 and Figure 3 summarize the overall quantities of wastes disposed, recycled and reused at Gates. The MOE s provincial objective is 60% waste diversion to be achieved by

13 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto April 2013 Table 3: Waste Quantities Disposed, Recycled & Reused Material Total Quantities (Metric Tonnes) Percent Waste Disposed to Landfill Material Recycled Material Reused Material Reduced Total Waste Generated Diversion Rate Figure 3: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario 2013 Waste Audit Summary Reused Reduced Material Material 0.25% 2.03% Landfilled Waste 28.5% Recycled Material 69.2% 4 Waste Audit Summary & Waste Reduction Work Plan Refer to Appendix C and Appendix D for the Waste Audit Summary and the Waste Reduction Work Plan, respectively. The last page of each set of forms in the appendices need to be signed by an authorized person at the facility. According to O.Reg. 102/94, the Waste Reduction Work Plan (Appendix D) or a summary of the plan must be posted at the facility in a place where employees can review it. If a summary is posted, the entire Work Plan should also be made available for review by any employee upon request. 9

14 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto April Conclusions & Recommendations Based on the results of the solid non-hazardous waste audit conducted for U of T, the following conclusions can be made. Recommendations presented below are intended to assist U of T in maximizing their waste diversion potential at the facility. From May 2012-April 2013, U of T generated approximately tonnes of waste, disposing approximately MT in landfills and diverting approximately MT through recycling, reuse, and reduction programs. This represents a waste diversion rate of approximately 71.5%. The MOE s provincial objective for waste diversion is 60% to be achieved by the year 2008, and U of T has far exceeded this value, which is impressive for an institution of their size. Approximately 3.08% of the total waste disposed to landfill consisted of mixed papers (fine paper, newspaper, and boxboard). An existing recycling program is in place at U of T for this material. While 3.08% is a seemingly small fraction of the overall waste stream, it still represents a significant weight value. A better collection system may be required including more collection boxes and clearer signs. In addition, employee/cleaner education programs may be required to help increase awareness of the existing program, and to increase the capture rate of this material. Mixed papers are a mandatory recyclable material according to O.Reg.103/94. Approximately 4.83% of the total waste disposed to landfill consisted of mixed containers (steel and aluminum cans, #1, #2, and #5 plastics, tetra pack, and gable top). An existing recycling program is in place at U of T for this material. This result suggests that a better collection system may be required including more collection boxes and clearer signs. In addition, employee/cleaner education programs may be required to help increase awareness of the existing program, and to increase the capture rate of this material. Recycling programs for mixed containers can be easily improved and they can achieve a high capture rate. Approximately 16.89% of the total waste disposed to landfill consisted of paper towels. An existing recycling program is in place at U of T for this material. This result suggests that a better collection system may be required including more collection boxes and clearer signs. In addition, employee/cleaner education programs may be required to help increase awareness of the existing program, and to increase the capture rate of this material. Approximately 24.63% of the total waste disposed to landfill consisted of organics. U of T currently employs an organics collection program, but the capture rates are not ideal. This is largely due to the fact that much of the food waste was found in take-out containers, and students do not take the time to separate their organics from the container or to put either (food waste or the container) into the proper collection bin. It may be beneficial for U of T to consider switching to compostable take-out containers at all food services locations on campus. The containers could then go directly into the organics collection bins along with the food waste, no separation required. 10

15 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto April 2013 Make use of multi-compartment containers (i.e. recycling depots) for waste collection and recycling as much as possible. We recommend eliminating all lone garbage bins and only having garbage bins that are attached to or close to multi-compartment recycling containers. This practice has excellent results in improving recycling capture rates. Increase awareness of new and existing recycling programs at U of T through staff and student education programs. Such programs can include brief training programs as well as placement of posters in strategic locations around the building in worker areas. Staff should evaluate, improve and expand the waste reduction systems in their own areas. Management should actively seek out opinions and ideas from employees on issues relating to recycling programs. Employee and student involvement will generate cooperation and enthusiasm. A suggestion box may be helpful in communicating employee concerns and suggestions when developing or changing existing diversion programs. Add and maintain signs at recycling depots to assist staff and students in sorting wastes easily and correctly. Signs should be easily visible and instructive, such as those having pictograms. The following is an example of pictogram signs that have significantly helped to improve recycling rates at many facilities: Such signs are inexpensive (costing approximately $5 per sign), can be custom made depending on what can and what can t be recycled in the Toronto area. Signs are a very effective method of increasing participation, reducing contamination and increasing material capture rates. Provide easy access to contact information for help with questions regarding all recycling programs. Each recycling program should have as much consistency as possible across the entire campus. Ensure U of T s Environmental Policy is clearly displayed to emphasize the facility s commitment to environmental stewardship, which can also be demonstrated in its newsletters, brochures, annual reports and contracts. Regular newsletters promoting the campus waste reduction programs, goals and concerns will increase employee/student cooperation. 11

16 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto April 2013 All recyclables and wastes should be collected in clear plastic garbage bags instead of black plastic garbage bags. This allows maintenance staff to monitor waste collection, as well as to ensure that separated waste streams are disposed of in the correct containers. It is recommended that desk side recycling bins for paper collection be added in all office/administrative areas. Side saddles can be added to each recycling bin for waste. This forces staff to think about where they dispose of their waste. Larger paper bins should be positioned in central office/administrative areas to allow workers to dispose of papers collected in smaller desk-side bins. Support and encourage the purchase and use of environmentally friendly, reusable or recyclable materials and packaging, and/or those that contain recycled content. This is applicable to U of T s office paper and paper towel purchases. According to O.Reg. 102/94, the Waste Reduction Work Plan (Appendix D) or a summary of the plan must be posted at the facility in a place where employees can review it. If a summary is posted, the entire Waste Reduction Work Plan should also be made available for review by any of the facility employees upon request. According to O.Reg. 102/94, the waste audit and waste reduction work plan must be updated on an annual basis. According to O.Reg. 102/94, a report of the waste audit and waste reduction work plan must be retained on file for a minimum of five years. Ensure that the waste diversion program has the full support of U of T s management team. U of T boasts an impressive waste diversion rate, and employs a wide variety of diversion techniques. This is very impressive for an institution of their size (generally, the more people involved, the harder it is to control the proper disposal of waste), and should be commended. 12

17 Appendix A Supporting Documentation

18 Scale Calibration Certificate

19 Appendix B Waste Audit Data

20 Compactors (March 25-28) U of T Waste Audit Schedule March 25 April 5, 2013 Woodsworth College Residence, 125 St. George St. March 25 Chestnut Residence, 89 Chestnut St. March 25 OISE, 252 Bloor St. W March 26 BCIT, 40 St. George St. March 26 Medical Science Building,1 King s College Circle March 27 Dental, 124 Edward St. March 27 Heath Sciences, 155 College St. March 28 Connaught Labs, 1 Spadina Crescent March Hour Samples (April 1 April 5) April 1 Sidney Smith Hall, 100 St. George South Borden Building, 487 Spadina Crs. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 50 St. George St. April 2 Sanford Fleming, 10 King s College Rd. Wallberg Building, 184 College St. Galbraith Building, 35 St. George St. April 3 Warren Stevens Building, 55 Harbord St. Ramsey Wright Labs, 25 Harbord St. Faculty of Social Work Bloor St. April 4 University College, 15 King s College Rd. Lash Miller, 80 St. George St. McLennan Physical Labs, 255 Huron St. April 5 Banting Institute, 100 College St. L. D. Pharmacy Building, 144 College St. CCBR, 160 College St. Outdoor Bins (April 3) Willcocks St. between Huron & St. George Earth Sciences Centre by Bancroft Ave. GSU on Bancroft Ave. Woodsworth Residence on Bloor & St. George and Hoskins & St. George Hart House Circle King s College Circle

21 24-Hour Sample Data Sidney Smith Hall Description of Collection Area: Cafeteria Office Public Area Miscellaneous Total Weight of Sample (kg): Sub-Sample (kg) Composition of Waste: Mixed Papers Total (Fine A) Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Boxboard Newsprint Magazines Fine Paper B) Mixed Containers Total (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) PET # Glass Aluminum Cans HDPE # Gable Top Tetrapack PolyPro # C) Corrugated Cardboard D) Coffee Cups E) Styrofoam F) Organic Food Waste G) Paper Towels (Washroom Only) H) E-waste/electronics I) Metal J) Wood K) LDPE Plastic Films Bulky Plastics L) Non Recyclable M) Other Napkins, Plastic Utensils, Liquid

22 South Borden Description of Collection Area: Miscellaneous Total Weight of Sample (kg): Sub-Sample (kg) Composition of Waste: Mixed Papers Total (Fine A) Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Boxboard Newsprint Magazines Fine Paper B) Mixed Containers Total (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) PET # Glass Aluminum Cans HDPE # Gable Top Tetrapack PolyPro # C) Corrugated Cardboard D) Coffee Cups E) Styrofoam F) Organic Food Waste G) Paper Towels (Washroom Only) H) E-waste/electronics I) Metal J) Wood K) LDPE Plastic Films Bulky Plastics L) Non Recyclable M) Other 0.000

23 Astronomy and Astrophysics Description of Collection Area: Washrooms Office Public Areas Cafeterias Total Weight of Sample (kg): Sub-Sample (kg) Composition of Waste: A) Mixed Papers Total (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Boxboard Newsprint Magazines Fine Paper B) Mixed Containers Total (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) PET # Glass Aluminum Cans HDPE # Gable Top Tetrapack PolyPro # C) Corrugated Cardboard D) Coffee Cups E) Styrofoam F) Organic Food Waste G) Paper Towels (Washroom Only) H) E-waste/electronics I) Metal J) Wood K) LDPE Plastic Films Bulky Plastics L) Non Recyclable M) Other Large amounts of Coffee Grounds Sanford Fleming and Galbraith (combined)

24 Description of Collection Area: Total Weight of Sample (kg): Sub-Sample (kg) Composition of Waste: Offices Cafeterias Labs Misc. Washrooms Public Areas A) Mixed Papers Total (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Boxboard Newsprint Magazines Fine Paper B) Mixed Containers Total (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) PET # Glass Aluminum Cans HDPE # Gable Top Tetrapack PolyPro # C) Corrugated Cardboard D) Coffee Cups E) Styrofoam F) Organic Food Waste G) Paper Towels (Washroom Only) H) E-waste/electronics I) Metal J) Wood K) LDPE Plastic Films Bulky Plastics L) Non Recyclable (Pls make notes on composition) M) Other Wallberg

25 Description of Collection Public Washrooms Misc Offices Labs Cafeterias Area: Areas Total Weight of Sample (kg): Sub-Sample (kg): Composition of Waste: A) Mixed Papers Total (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Boxboard Newsprint Magazines Fine Paper B) Mixed Containers Total (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) PET # Glass Aluminum Cans HDPE # Gable Top Tetrapack PolyPro # C) Corrugated Cardboard D) Coffee Cups E) Styrofoam F) Organic Food Waste G) Paper Towels (Washroom Only) H) E-waste/electronics I) Metal J) Wood K) LDPE Plastic Films Bulky Plastics L) Non Recyclable M) Other Warren Stephens

26 Public Description of Collection Area: Offices Washrooms Cafeterias Misc. Areas Total Weight of Sample (kg): Sub-Sample (kg): Composition of Waste: A) Mixed Papers Total (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Boxboard Newsprint Magazines Fine Paper B) Mixed Containers Total (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) PET # Glass Aluminum Cans HDPE # Gable Top Tetrapack PolyPro # C) Corrugated Cardboard D) Coffee Cups E) Styrofoam F) Organic Food Waste G) Paper Towels (Washroom Only) H) E-waste/electronics I) Metal J) Wood K) LDPE Plastic Films Bulky Plastics L) Non Recyclable M) Other Lots of paper plates Food Wrappers. Tissues Ramsey Wright Labs

27 Description of Collection Area: Labs Washrooms Public Areas Total Weight of Sample (kg): Sub-Sample (kg) Composition of Waste: A) Mixed Papers Total (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Boxboard Newsprint Magazines Fine Paper B) Mixed Containers Total (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) PET # Glass Aluminum Cans HDPE # Gable Top Tetrapack PolyPro # C) Corrugated Cardboard D) Coffee Cups E) Styrofoam F) Organic Food Waste G) Paper Towels (Washroom Only) H) E-waste/electronics I) Metal J) Wood K) LDPE Plastic Films Bulky Plastics L) Non Recyclable M) Other Lash Miller

28 Description of Collection Area: Labs Offices Washrooms Cafeterias Total Weight of Sample (kg): Sub-Sample (kg): Composition of Waste: A) Mixed Papers Total (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Boxboard Newsprint Magazines Fine Paper B) Mixed Containers Total (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) PET # Glass Aluminum Cans HDPE # Gable Top Tetrapack PolyPro # C) Corrugated Cardboard D) Coffee Cups E) Styrofoam F) Organic Food Waste G) Paper Towels (Washroom Only) H) E-waste/electronics I) Metal J) Wood K) LDPE Plastic Films Bulky Plastics L) Non Recyclable M) Other Mostly, lab plastic, lab glass, Tissues Liquid Weight, Food Packaging/ wrappers

29 Mclennen Physical Labs Description of Collection Area: Cafeteria Washroom Public Areas Labs Total Weight of Sample (kg): Sub-Sample (kg): Composition of Waste: A) Mixed Papers Total (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Boxboard Newsprint Magazines Fine Paper B) Mixed Containers Total (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) PET # Glass Aluminum Cans HDPE # Gable Top Tetrapack PolyPro # C) Corrugated Cardboard D) Coffee Cups E) Styrofoam F) Organic Food Waste G) Paper Towels (Washroom Only) H) E-waste/electronics I) Metal J) Wood K) LDPE Plastic Films Bulky Plastics L) Non Recyclable M) Other Mostly Tissue, Plastic Gloves

30 University College Description of Collection Area: Public Areas Washrooms Offices Cafeterias Misc. Total Weight of Sample (kg): Sub-Sample (kg): Composition of Waste: A) Mixed Papers Total (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Boxboard Newsprint Magazines Fine Paper B) Mixed Containers Total (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) PET # Glass Aluminum Cans HDPE # Gable Top Tetrapack PolyPro # C) Corrugated Cardboard D) Coffee Cups E) Styrofoam F) Organic Food Waste G) Paper Towels (Washroom Only) H) E-waste/electronics I) Metal J) Wood K) LDPE Plastic Films Bulky Plastics L) Non Recyclable M) Other

31 Banting Institute Description of Collection Public Labs Cafeteria Misc. Washrooms Area: Areas Total Weight of Sample (kg): Sub-Sample (kg): Composition of Waste: A) Mixed Papers Total (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Boxboard Newsprint Magazines Fine Paper B) Mixed Containers Total (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) PET # Glass Aluminum Cans HDPE # Gable Top Tetrapack PolyPro # C) Corrugated Cardboard D) Coffee Cups E) Styrofoam F) Organic Food Waste G) Paper Towels (Washroom Only) H) E-waste/electronics I) Metal J) Wood K) LDPE Plastic Films Bulky Plastics L) Non Recyclable M) Other Mostly Lab packagin g, Lab glass/pla stic, Plastic Gloves, Tissue

32 CCBR Description of Collection Public Labs Washrooms Area: Areas Total Weight of Sample (kg): Sub-Sample (kg): Composition of Waste: A) Mixed Papers Total (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Boxboard Newsprint Magazines Fine Paper B) Mixed Containers Total (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) PET # Glass Aluminum Cans HDPE # Gable Top Tetrapack PolyPro # C) Corrugated Cardboard D) Coffee Cups E) Styrofoam F) Organic Food Waste G) Paper Towels (Washroom Only) H) E-waste/electronics I) Metal J) Wood K) LDPE Plastic Films Bulky Plastics L) Non Recyclable M) Other

33 L.D. Pharmacy Building Description of Collection Public Washrooms Labs Misc. Cafeteria Office Area: Areas Total Weight of Sample (kg): Sub-Sample (kg): Composition of Waste: A) Mixed Papers Total (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Boxboard Newsprint Magazines Fine Paper B) Mixed Containers Total (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) PET # Glass Aluminum Cans HDPE # Gable Top Tetrapack PolyPro # C) Corrugated Cardboard D) Coffee Cups E) Styrofoam F) Organic Food Waste G) Paper Towels (Washroom Only) H) E-waste/electronics I) Metal J) Wood K) LDPE Plastic Films Bulky Plastics L) Non Recyclable M) Other Plastic Gloves, Lab plastic/ glass, Tissues

34 Outdoor Bins Earth Science GSU on Hart's King's Will- Woods- Center Bancroft House Circle cocks worth Description of Collection Garbage Garbage Garbage Garbage Garbage Garbage Total Weight of Sample (kg): Sub-Sample (kg) Composition of Waste: Mixed Papers Total (Fine Paper, A) Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) B) Mixed Containers Total (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) C) Corrugated Cardboard D) Coffee Cups E) Styrofoam F) Organic Food Waste G) Paper Towels (Washroom Only) H) E- waste/electronics I) Metal J) Wood K) LDPE Plastic Films Bulky Plastics L) Non Recyclable (Pls make notes on composition) M) Other Coffee Grounds, Yardwaste

35 Compactor Audit Results 89 Chestnut St. Amidst the garbage the following recyclable items were found: Multiple gable top containers used for liquid egg Large HDPE containers Some cardboard present but may have been waxed and unrecyclable Bags containing recyclable items Some waste was disposed of in black garbage bags (unable to determine contents) HDPE container Bags of gable top containers Cardboard, possibly waxed Multiple black garbage bags Waxed cardboard Bag with high quantity of recyclables

36 Woodsworth Residence, 125 St. George Amidst the garbage the following recyclable items were found: Electric fan Styrofoam Fine paper Multiple bags with large quantities of recyclables, some bags also contained garbage PET bottles and aluminum cans Electric fan Styrofoam containers Mixed bag of garbage and fine paper Bag with multiple PET containers as well as garbage Bag with high concentration of recyclables

37 Bag with multiple PET bottles

38 OISE, 252 Bloor St. Amidst the garbage the following items were found: Newsprint and fine paper HDPE and PET bottle mixed with garbage One bag of recyclables Newsprint and fine paper HDPE and PET bottles mixed with garbage Fine paper and bottles Gable top containers and paper Bag of recyclables

39 BCIT, 40 St. George Amidst garbage the following recyclable items were found: Bags containing mostly paper Two bags of mixed recyclables Styrofoam packaging Kraft paper Corrugated cardboard Fine Paper Fine Paper PET, aluminum and gable top containers Glass, aluminum, PET and gable top containers Styrofoam packaging Kraft paper

40 Styrofoam packaging Corrugated cardboard

41 1 King s Cross Circle Amidst the garbage the following recyclable items were found: Stericycle bucket Newsprint and kraft paper Medical gowns and masks Styrofoam and plastic food containers Small load contained no visible bags of recyclables. Stericycle bucket Stericycle bucket Newsprint and Kraft paper Medical gowns and masks Stryofoam and plastic food containers

42 Dentistry Building, 124 Edward Amidst the garbage the following recyclable items were found: Styrofoam container Cardboard box HDPE bucket A few recyclables mixed with other garbage Nearly entire load was gloves, gowns and other medical apparel. Styrofoam container Corrugated cardboard Medical gloves, gowns and masks HDPE bucket Garbage mixed with a few recyclables Medical gloves, masks etc.

43 Health Sciences, 155 College St. Amidst the garbage the following recyclable items were found: Cardboard and Styrofoam Plastic food containers Organic food waste Coffee cups Tissue No full bags of recyclable materials were found (mostly coffee cups and small amounts of recyclables in mixed waste bags). Cardboard and styrofoam Food containers and paper Organic food waste and plastic food containers Coffee cups Tissue Recyclable mixed with other waste

44 1 Spadina Cres. Amidst the garbage the following recyclable items were found: Office Chairs Organic food containers One bag of paper Expanded Styrofoam insulation and Styrofoam food containers Cardboard Metal building material Cardboard, PET and metal cans Office furniture Office furniture Kraft paper Newsprint Extruded metal pieces

45 Stryofoam food containers Organic food containers Expanded styrofoam insulation

46 Appendix C Waste Audit Summary

47 Ministry of the Environment Waste Form Report of a Waste Audit Industrial, Commercial and Institutional Establishments As required by O. Reg. 102/94 This report must be prepared 6 months after becoming subject to O. Reg. 102/94 and a copy retained on file for at least five years after it is prepared, and be made available to the ministry upon request. I. GENERAL INFORMATION Name of Owner and/or Operator of Entity(ies) and Company Name: University of Toronto Name of Contact Person: Telephone #: Reno Strano Street Address(es) of Entity(ies): 27 King s College Circle Municipality: Toronto, Ontario Type of Entity (check one) Retail Shopping Establishments address: Reno.strano@utoronto.ca Hotels and Motels Retail Shopping Complexes Hospitals Office Buildings Educational Institutions x Restaurants Large Manufacturing Establishments Note: O. Reg. 102/94 does not apply to multi-unit residential buildings. II. DESCRIPTION OF ENTITY Provide a brief overview of the entity(ties): The University of Toronto is a large multi-building, multi-facility community that has approximately 60 thousand students, staff and faculty occupying several major city blocks with over 140 buildings that generate waste and recycling materials. U of T is required to conduct an annual waste audit since it satisfies Part X of Ontario Regulation ( O. Reg. ) 102/94 Waste Audits and Waste Reduction Workplans ( O. Reg.102/94 ) which requires educational institutions to conduct waste audits and prepare waste reduction plans on an annual basis if the location or campus has more than 350 full or part-time persons enrolled during the calendar year.

48 III. HOW WASTE IS PRODUCED AND DECISIONS AFFECTING THE PRODUCTION OF WASTE For each category of waste that is produced at the entity(ies), explain how the waste will be produced and how management decisions and policies will affect the production of waste. Categories of Waste How Is the Waste Produced and What Management Decisions/Policies Affect Its Production? Aluminum food and beverage cans Produced in the cafeteria or brought in by students/visitors Cardboard Produced from packaged goods, unpackaged in office & administrative Fine paper area. Produced on each building by students. Policy to use duplex printing to Glass food and beverage bottles/jars reduce Produced paper in cafeteria consumption. or brought Small in amounts by students/visitors. from office. Newsprint Newspapers brought in by students or available in cafeteria. Steel food and beverage cans Produced in cafeteria or brought in by students/visitors. PET (#1) plastic food and beverage bottles Produced in cafeteria or brought in by students/visitors. Hallways, classrooms, public spaces - empty containers from HDPE (#2) plastic jugs, crates, totes, cleaning and drums LDPE (#4) plastic film maintenance. Cafeteria bulk food containers. Washrooms Administrative - empty area containers mainly shrink from wrap soaps. packaging from goods. Polystyrene (#6) Cafeteria or from outside sources. Packaging chips, foam inserts in boxes in Organics office, Most food administrative, waste is produced hallways, in food classrooms, service and & cafeteria. public spaces. Some is generated Boxboard shoe boxes, cereal boxes, in Small office quantities & administrative generated. areas. etc. Produced mainly in the offices from subscriptions or general Glossy magazines, catalogues, flyers mail. Wood 2.7 Residential Tonnes area Fewer mainly. Yellow Pages on Campus program. Steel Small quantities generated. Drywall Generated during renovations taken away by contractors. Skids Small quantities generated (collected with wood). Paper towels Generated in washrooms, hallways, classrooms, public spaces. Printer cartridges Generated in classroom, office and administrative. IT equipment/audio-visual equipment IT or AV equipment is leased/old equipment removed by Furniture contractor. Surplus furniture is stored / reused; broken furniture is disposed. Building/renovation material Generated during renovations taken away by contractors. Disposable take out food packaging Cafeteria or from outside sources. Generated in Cell phones offices/cafeteria. Collected with IT equipment.