ADVANCE VAPOR DEGREASING OF HIGH RELIABILITY PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLIES BY Richard D. Jackson
|
|
- Hilary Cox
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ADVANCE VAPOR DEGREASING OF HIGH RELIABILITY PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLIES BY Richard D. Jackson I. Purpose of Paper The purpose of this paper is to provide information concerning the cleaning of ionic contamination of printed circuit boards using the Advance Vapor Degreaser (AVD) technology. 11. Company Specifics Collins Avionics Operations Division of Rockwell International is a manufacturer of high quality Commercial Avionics systems. Collins primary market consists of Business and Regional Airline Manufacturers to which it delivers over 4200 products per month. Our production facility manufactures over 10,000 circuit board assemblies each month. Collins places over 3.5 million SMD devices per year and 13.5 million through hole components per year. Board sizes range between 2.0 and 216 sq. inches. While we are not a military contractor, we do follow mil standards including MIL-STD-454 for soldering and MIL-P for cleaning Selection Criteria When defining a cleaning process for our facility, component and assembly characteristics must be considered. Examples include peizo electric crystals, which cannot withstand high drying temperatures required of an aqueous or semi-aqueous system. Complex geometries, ceramic impatt diodes, and RF shields cannot be allowed to trap solvents or water which can promote corrosion. These type of characteristics are common in a high technology/high reliability- electronics assembly facility. Therefore, we set as a criteria that the cleaning system be able to satisfactorily clean critical applications of rosin flux without the use of water. IV. Candidates a.) Aqueous with saponifier or Semi-Aqueous: Because of the concerns surrounding water entrapment these candidates were not considered viabie. b.) HydroChlorofluorcarbon (HCFC): Due to the nature of HCFC's toxicity and the fact that it is an ozone depleting substance, this alternative was not considered viable. c.) AVD: This is the only process that we felt met our criteria of cleaning complex geometries of RMA flux without the use of water or ozone depleting chemistries. 679
2 V. Process Description The AVD process is made up of a cleaning tank and a rinsing tank and two distinct types of chemistries. The cleaning tank contains a combination of solvating agent and rinsing agent. The solvating agent and rinsing agent are physically mixed in the boiling sump. The ratio is approximately 60% solvating agent to 40% rinsing agent by volume. Rinsing agent vapors are condensed and returned to the clean (rinse) sump, from where rinsing agent condensate overflows back into the boil sump. Printed circuit boards are immersed into the boiling sump containing the 60/40 solvating agent/rinsing agent mixture. Soils are dissolved by the solvating agent. Following the cleaning in the boil sump, the PC boards are immersed into the rinse sump, where the solvating agent containing dissolved soil is removed. The solvating agent and dissolved soil float to the top of the rinse sump and are swept over the weir and back to the boil sump. Following immersion in the rinse sump, the PC boards are moved into the vapor zone for a final rinse with rinse agent that condenses from the vapor. Finally, the parts are slowly raised into the freeboard zone where the rinsing agent vaporizes. The cleaning cycle is now completed and the PC board is clean and dry. VI. Solvating Agent The solvating agent is an aliphatic ester blend that has a low vapor pressure and a'high boiling point, along with excellent solvency properties. Material compatibility is excellent except for selective plastics (See Appendix 1). The solvating agent is a non-ozone depleting substance, non-flammable, and has low toxicity. VII. Rinsing agents The rinsing agents are a perfluorinert material. These rinsing agents have excellent rinsing and drying properties, but are poor solvents. We have experimented with two different perfluorinert materials. Both materials have similar properties; high vapor pressure, low toxicity, non-flammable and non-ozone depleting. The main difference between the two rinsing agents is their boiling points. 680
3 ITvDical Properties I RA-6000 Basic Formula Boilins Point 1Liquid Density Vapor Pressure Thermal Conductivity Heat of Vaporization C6F14 56 deq.c 1.68 gm/ml 4.49 PSIA 0.57 w/(cm) (C)x 10*3 b.p. cal/gm Coefficient of 1.6 ml/ (ml)(c) x Thermal Expansion 10*3 1 7 I 11 Surface Tension I12 dynes/cm PF-50/ 70 C7F14 80 deq.c II 1.72 gm/ml 1.53 PSIA b.p. cal/gm 13 dynes/cm I1 I The main draw back of Perflorinert materials is their long atmospheric lifetimes and their potential for global warming. Based on these concerns we have evaluated alternative cleaning techniques. Due to the complex geometries, stringent cleanliness requirements and the need for corrosion free assemblies, perflorinert materials were the only alternative. We planned to control the emissions of Perflorinated chemicals (PFC's) into the atmosphere through the use of efficient machine design. The new type of vapor degreasers required to contain and recover PFC emissfons are much more complex than the traditional vapor degreaser. Sub zero temperature condensing coils, mechanical delivery systems and temperature control mechanisms are all used to contain the PFC's in the cleaning equipment, thus reducing emissions. We had a global warming impact study performed by an independent company. This impact study compared the potential global warming impact if we were to continue to use our existing CFC-113 batch degreasers, versus replacement with the Advance Vapor Degreasing units. Below are the results of this study. : * Present monthly vapor degreaser solvent usage: (Based on 5 batch units and one In-Line unit) CFC-113 = 1320 lbs. 111 trichloroethane = 550 ibs. * AVD rinsing agent required: (Based on 3 AVD 50 hours/ week) PFC (C6F14) = 210 lbs. 681
4 ~ This first table shows the impact that each chemical contributes to the production of equivalent C02 for each pound of chemical. Notice that the CFC-113 and 111 trichloroethane diminish in C02 production from the 20 year span to the 100 year span,'whereas the PFC increases in equivalent C02 from the 20 year to 100 year span. The reason for this is the long atmospheric life span of the PFC chemicals. The C02 generation of the CFC-113 and the 111 trichloroethane begin to diminish because the atmospheric life spans have begun to deteriorate. However, the PFC's continue to generate C02 because of their unique ability to resist decomposition. - MATERIAL 20 YEARS 100 YEARS CFC TRICHLOROETHANE PFC MATERIAL 20 YEARS CFC TRICHLOROETHANE 0.2 PFC YEARS YEAR TIME FRAME 87% 100 YEAR TIME FRAME 82% The use of the AVD units has substantially reduced the amount of C02 that is being released into the atmosphere. This is due to two factors. One is that the centralization of AVD units and the operating philosophy has enabled us to reduce the number of machines required to effectively meet production's needs. Secondly, the machine design minimizes the emission of Perf lorinert material. 682
5 VI11 Ultrasonics Ultrasonics is used in the rinsing sump to aid in the removal of the solvating agent from the PC board. This is necessary on densely populated PC boards and boards which incorporate electrical connectors. We have found that solvating agent will become trapped underneight electrical connectors and other electrical devices that have extremely low clearance from the board surface. The agitation of the rinsing agent alone did not provide enough pressure to drive the solvating agent from underneight these components. Therefore, we incorporated ultrasonics to aid in the displacment of the solvating agent. 1. Frequency: The frequency range of the ultra sonics sweeps between 38 and 42 KHz. This is altered intentionally to eliminate the possibility of setting up a resonate frequency which could potentially cause damage to 2. electronic components. Wire Bond Issue: A particular issue with the use of ultra sonics was that ultrasonics damaged or degraded wire bond strength on active electronic components. I approached Collins Component Engineering department with the specifications of our ultrasonic process, including the frequency and exposure time. We contacted each of our active electronic component device manufacturers and explained what our intentions were and provided them with the facts concerning the ultrasonics. Each of the component manufacturers responded back to us that there was no reason the ultrasonic units in question would have any detrimental affects on their devices. In fact, many of the component manufacturers stated that ultrasonics were used in their facility for cleaning purposes. This correspondence along with a number of published articles (See Reference Material) provided the assurance needed to implement an ultrasonic process. As a control measure, we calibrate our ultrasonic units once per month for frequency range settings. 3. Problems: We have had one component fail in ultrasonics. This is a hermetically sealed germanium crystal diode. The diodes were opening up after the cleaning operation. To prevent further component production failures we moved the insertion of this divice to a post cleaning operation and hand cleaned the part with alcohol. 1x0 Cleaning Results To monitor the cleaning ability of the AVD units we measured ionic contamination using an Omega Meter SMD 600. This device uses a wash solution of 75% by volume of ACS reagent grade isopropyl alcohol and 25% by volume of distilled water. The wash solution is measured through a set of deionization columns to achieve a resistivity exceeding 20 megohm centimeter. A sample is submerged into the clean test solution and the solution is agitated and heated to promote removal and solubilization of all ionic residues from the test sample. The 683
6 change in resistivity is continuously monitored. Knowing the area of the sample in inches, the volume of solution in milliliters and the resistivity in megohms, the system automatically calculates the contamination that has been added to the solution in Ifmicrograms of equivalent Sodium Chloride per square inch". This measurement is compared to standards set by MIL-P "Military Specifications Printed Wiring Assemblies.ff The standard for printed wiring board assemblies is 14 micro grams of NaCl per square inch. 1. Control Board: The board used for cleanliness testing purposes was a double sided surface mount board that has the following physical characteristics. Dimensions: 11.5" x 3.0" Components: IC's = 88 Diodes = 48 Resistors = 54 Capacitors = This board was screen printed with RMA flux paste, auto placed and IR reflowed. The board was then placed in the Omega Meter 600 SMD and the following Ionic contamination was recorded. Xbar = 6.6 micro grams NaCl/sq.in. A sample of twenty boards were then screen printed, auto placed, and IR reflowed using the same equipment. They were then cleaned in an upright degreaser using CFC-113 as its solvent. The cycle time for this operation was: Lower basket into vapor sump = 2ft. /min Vapor soak boards - 2 minutes Wand boards with clean solvent 30 seconds Vapor soak boards - 2 minutes Raise boards into flash off = 30 seconds They were then tested for ionic contamination in the Omega Meter 600 SMD. The following results were observed. Xbar: = 3.98 micro grams NaC1jsq.h. Std. Dev. = The next sample of twenty boards were screen printed, auto placed and IR reflow the same as above. They were then cleaned in an AVD unit that used Solvating Agent 24 and Rinsing Agent The cycle time for this process was. Wash time 2.00 minutes Wash Dwell - 30 seconds Rinse Time 14 minutes Rinse Dwell - 30 seconds After cleaning, the boards were tested in the Omega Meter 600 SMD. The following results were recorded. Xbar = 4.3 micro grams NaCl/sq.in. Std. Dev. =
7 With the above process, solvating agent residue is noticeable. This is especially evident around connectors and coils. 4. The next sample of twenty boards were screen printed, auto placed and IR reflowed using the same equipment. They were then cleaned in an AVD unit that used Solvating Agent 24 and Rinsing Agent 6000 and ultrasonics in the rinse sump for the duration of the rinse cycle. The cycle time for the process was: Wash time minutes Wash Dwell seconds Rinse Time - 14 minutes Rinse Dwell - 30 seconds After cleaning the boards were tested in the Omega Meter 600 SMD. The following results were recorded. Xbar = micro grams NaCl/sq. inch Std. Dev. = The use of the ultrasonics decreased the occurrence of solvating agent residue. However, solvating agent residue was still evident on densely populated PC boards. 5. The next twenty boards were processed using the same equipment as the other boards. The cleaning process was the same except we changed the rinsing chemistry to a Performance Fluid 50/70. This is a higher boiling point Rinsing Agent. The cycle time for this process is as follows: Wash Time - Wash Dwell - Rinse Time - Rinse Dwell minutes 30 seconds 4.5 minutes 30 seconds After cleaning, the boards were tested in the Omega Meter 600 SMD. The following results were recorded. Xbar * micro grams NaCl/sq. inch Std. Dev. = 0.00 With the above process, cycle time reduced dramatically and the need to remove excess Solvating Agent residue is nearly eliminated. 6. The last set of twenty boards were processed using the same equipment as the other boards with the exception that we used ultrasonics in the rinse sump of the AVD unit during the duration of the rinse cycle. The boards were cleaned and the following results were recorded. Xbar - '.136 micro grams NaCl/sq. in. Std. Dev. =.452 micro grams NaCl/sq. in. 685
8 x. Economics The combination of the Performance Fluid 50/70 and the ultrasonics eliminated the residue solvating agent found on earlier PC boards. We have also eliminated the practice of touching up PC boards after the cleaning process. A. Material Cost: Prior to implementation of the AVD units, Collins operated five batch style vapor degreasers using CFC-113 as their solvent. We replaced the five batch style degreasers with three mid-size AVD units based on our capacity study. Machine design is very important in containing the expensive Performance Fluid 50/70. The AVD machines have three sets of condensing coils. The first set, or primary condensing coils, are chilled water (45 deg.f) fed. These coils are approximately 18 inches above the boiling sump and condense the majority of the Performance Fluid. The second set of condensing coils are located directly above the primary coils. These coils operate at below 0 deg.f and insure drag out emissions are minimized. The third set of condensing coils are at the entrance of the machine and are sub zero temperature condensing coils. These coils minimize turbulence inside the machine and further reduce drag out losses. To further reduce chemistry losses, a mechanical arm is utilized to lower and raise the basket in and out of the machine in a controlled fashion. This helps minimize vapor blanket disturbance and drag out that occur due to incorrect ascent and descent rates. The following table demonstrates the material cost of the two processes. The CFC-113 chemistry usage is based on five machines and the PF 50/70 and Solvating Agent 24 is based on three machines. Chemistry Bath Life Usage/Day Matl. Cost CFC week 3.6 GAL/DAY $113.69/gal PF 50/70 infinite.60 GAL/DAY $173.61/gal Solvating 5 mos..45 GAL/DAY $44.81/gal Agent 24 Cost/Yr. $149,388 $38,020 $7,
9 B. Utility Cost: The AVD machines cost more to operate, from a utility standpoint, than the conventional batch style degreasers. This is because of the use of chilled water, heating elements and agitation pumps. The following table compares the utility cost of an AVD machine with that of a batch type degreaser. MACHINE KILOWATTS/DAY $ PER KILOWATT YEARLY COST AVD 120 $. 07/KWH $2,016 CFC $. 07/KWH $302 D. MISCELLANEOUS COST: Indeed, the implementation of an AVD unit into production is much more taxing of resources than implementing a simple single blanket batch degreaser. The installation alone requires a plumber, electrician and process engineer to be successful. These resources must be available to implement and maintain the efficiency of the machine to prevent excessive di scharge of perfluorinert material. The following are estimates of resource requirements needed to maintain the machine efficiency. 1 Skilled Labor Operat ion I Electrician 1. Check.heating elements. 2. Check microprocessor operation General Maintenance 1. Change filters 2. Empty water separator 3. Maintain fluid levels and proportions Refrigeration 1. Clean traps 2. Check operation of refrigeration unit Time Requirement 10 minutes/wk. 1 hour/wk. 30 minutes/wk. 687
10 XI. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Advance Vapor Degreasers use the basic vapor degreaser physics except it is a two chemical process. One chemistry is for cleaning and the second is for rinsing. 2. Cycle times are approximately the same for AVD units in comparison with traditional CFC-113 vapor degreasers. 3. AVD units clean as well if not better than traditional CFC-113 vapor degreasers. 4. The operating cost of an AVD unit is lower than the traditional CFC-113 vapor degreaser. 5. Implementation cost of an AVD unit is higher than a traditional CFC-113 vapor degreaser. 6. The AVD chemistries are non-ozone depleting and non-toxic. 7. The use of machines that are designed for chemical efficiency reduces the effect of global warming when compared to traditional CFC-113 vapor degreasers. 8. The selection of the correct rinsing agent is contingent on the product being processed. 688
Selecting Cleaning Processes for Electronics Defluxing: Total Cost of Ownership
Selecting Cleaning Processes for Electronics Defluxing: Total Cost of Ownership Michael C. Savidakis, Ph.D., Jay Soma, Ph.D., Robert Sell, and Christine Fouts, Ph.D. Petroferm Inc. Gurnee, Illinois Abstract
More informationCleaning Today s Assemblies in Batch Systems
Cleaning Today s Assemblies in Batch Systems Jay Soma, Jeffrey Dunlap, Robert Sell, Bill Breault and Christine Fouts Petroferm Inc. Gurnee, IL ABSTRACT Batch cleaning of electronic assemblies is popular
More informationAll Cleaning Options for Parts Cleaning
All Cleaning Options for Parts Cleaning Rick Perkins Chemical Engineer / President Chem Logic Austin, Texas www.chemlogic.us 512-426-5728 rperkins@chemlogic.us Our Experience 10 years in M&P working on
More informationReduce Energy Costs with Vapor Degreasing. Mike Jones MicroCare Corp., New Britain, CT
Reduce Energy Costs with Vapor Degreasing Mike Jones MicroCare Corp., New Britain, CT In the product finishing world, there are four common precision cleaning processes: hydrocarbon, aqueous, semi-aqueous,
More informationState of New Jersey. General Permit. for Degreasing Operations using Non-HAP Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
State of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Air Quality Permitting for Non-HAP Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) This General permit allows for the construction, installation, reconstruction,
More informationBatch Semi-Aqueous Emulsion Cleaning by
Batch Semi-Aqueous Emulsion Cleaning by Rex Breunsbach Electronic Controls Design Inc. Milwaukie, Oregon Abstract Recent development and work with water immiscible Semi-Aqueous solvents at 5%-20% concentration
More informationAqueous Cleaning Design Considerations --us-
Aqueous Cleaning Design Considerations --us- Peter F. Maltby, Vice President of Engineering, Crest Ultrasonics Corporation INTRODUCTION The phase-out of CFCs and other ozone depleting chemicals has prompted
More informationSOLVENT CLEANING OPERATION EQUIPMENT SUMMARY FORM-44 Page 1 of 7
Page 1 of 7 (This form must be submitted for each equipment item) GENERAL 1. MANUFACTURER MODEL 2. SERIAL NUMBER DATE OF INSTALLATION (leave blank if not installed) 3. DEVICE TYPE (Check one) Batch-Load
More informationCaractéristiques Unités Valeurs Méthodes. Appearance - Colourless Visual. Density (at 20 C) kg/cm³ 1,52 - Purity % 99,8 -
PROMOSOLV TM 71DS1 FEATURES Water removal at the final step of production, is one of the most important step in the manufacturing of mechanical assemblies, plastic and electronic parts. The spot free drying
More informationTOCOS. Guidelines & Precautions. For Using Trimmer Potentiometers. Guidelines for Circuit Design. Guidelines for Production Processes
TOCOS Trimmer Potentiometers are designed and manufactured with emphasis on dependability and costeffectiveness. For reliable performance and general safety, follow these guidelines and precautions for
More informationAirless Vacuum Cleaning Systems
Airless Vacuum Cleaning Systems 1 Serec Airless Vacuum Cleaning Systems Serec Airless Cleaning Systems are distillable solvent cleaning systems where the process occurs in a vacuum chamber for the ultimate
More informationWhat cannot be cleaned in a stencil cleaner? Prepared by Steve Stach
What cannot be cleaned in a stencil cleaner? Prepared by Steve Stach The stencil cleaner can be one of the most versatile tools on the manufacturing floor. It can be used to clean electronic modules in
More information14. The center port of the manifold is used for evacuation, charging and refrigerant recovery.
HET- 190 ESL Support page 1 CORE Basic Refrigeration Circuit 1. Liquid refrigerant boils in the evaporator. Heat is absorbed. The heat energy absorbed converts refrigerant liquid into vapor. 2. Refrigerant
More informationCleanliness of Stencils and Cleaned Misprinted Circuit Boards
Cleanliness of Stencils and Cleaned Misprinted Circuit Boards Bev Christian Research In Motion Waterloo, Ontario, CANADA The effectiveness of cleaning stencils and misprinted/dirty printed circuit boards
More informationPARTS CLEANING AND DEGREASING
Important Note: The following text is excerpted directly from the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation s publication, Environmental Compliance, Pollution Prevention, and Self Assessment
More informationFollowing this guideline enables proper treatment of the relays during the critical phase in the relay life.
Electromechanical relays are one of the most robust and most reliable electronic components. In order to achieve and guarantee the excellent performance of AXICOM relays, some precautions must be taken
More informationTable 1. Colorless to yellow liquid Flash Point (Pensky-Martens Closed Cup)
BIOACT * SC-22 Electronics Cleaner For Stencil/Misprint Cleaning and Defluxing Description BIOACT SC-22 Cleaner is a partially water-soluble, propylene glycol etherbased cleaning agent formulated to remove
More informationTHE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL/PFC CLEANING SYSTEM. presented by
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL/PFC CLEANING SYSTEM. presented by B. H. Baxter Senior environmental Technolosist British Aerospace Defence DynamiGs Ltd Stevenage England abstract p=@3%34 2 747
More informationREFRIGERATION CYCLE Principles of Mechanical Refrigeration Level 2: Cycle Analysis
REFRIGERATION CYCLE Principles of Mechanical Refrigeration Level 2: Cycle Analysis Technical Development Program Technical Development Programs (TDP) are modules of technical training on HVAC theory, system
More informationScroll Chillers: Conversion from HCFC-22 to HFC-410A and HFC-407C
Scroll Chillers: Conversion from HCFC-22 to HFC-410A and HFC-407C McQuay International (A Member of the DAIKIN Group) Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants are critical to the safe and cost-effective phase-out
More informationBHC. Replacing Air Sparging Agitation Increases Cleaning Efficiency in Immersion/Soak Tank Degreasing BHC WHITE PAPER
WHITE PAPER Replacing Air Sparging Agitation Increases Cleaning Efficiency in Immersion/Soak Tank Degreasing Progressively tighter cleanliness specifications of high-precision manufactured parts require
More informationR-407A R-448A R-449A
GUIDELINES FOR THE UTILIZATION OF R-407A R-448A R-449A 2018 Tecumseh Products Company LLC. All rights reserved. Page 1 of 9 R-407A, R-448A, and R-449A are recognized as suitable alternative refrigerants
More informationChapter 2. Alternatives to HCFCs and their Characteristics
Alternatives to HCFCs and their Characteristics Refrigerant - General Chemical used in a cooling system, such as an air conditioner or refrigerator, as the heat carrier which changes from vapour to liquid
More informationOpteon Vertrel. Specialty Fluids by The Chemours Company. Innovative Fluids That Deliver Superior Performance
Opteon Vertrel by The Chemours Company Innovative Fluids That Deliver Superior Performance Chemours is a dynamic science company with a strong commitment to protecting the environment. Because of that
More informationA: RS-45 is a non ozone depleting Drop-in replacement for R22 in most applications. A: RS-45 is a blend of R143a, R125, R134a and isobutane.
1/1/12 RS-45 (R434A): Q & A 1 Q: What is RS-44? 1.Q: What is RS-45 A: RS-45 is a non ozone depleting Drop-in replacement for R22 in most applications. 2 Q: Yes, but what does RS-45 contain? A: RS-45 is
More informationChillers and Refrigerants. Purpose of Today s Presentation. Agenda. GLHN Architects & Engineers, Inc. APPA Institute Session 322 EU
Chillers and Refrigerants APPA Institute for Facilities Management Providence, RI September, 2017 1 Purpose of Today s Presentation To provide a broad understanding of chillers and central cooling systems
More informationa. CFCs. b. HCFCs. c. Pressurized nitrogen. d. Compressed dry air. 17. The state of the refrigerant leaving the condenser of a refrigeration system
Core 1. Ozone in the stratosphere above the earth consists of: a. Molecules containing 3 oxygen atoms. b. Molecules of 2 oxygen atoms. c. Radioactive particles. d. Pollutants that have risen from ground
More informationassociates Precision Cleaning Systems 3678 Bassett St., Santa Clara CA Phn: [ 408 ] Fax: [ 408 ]
associates Precision Cleaning Systems www.tmasc.com 3678 Bassett St., Santa Clara CA 95054 Phn: [ 408 ] 727 8388 Fax: [ 408 ] 727 8997 E-Mail tony@tmasc.com Designing an Ultrasonic cleaning System Equipment
More informationReference Document RD-0007-E GUIDELINES FOR THE UTILIZATION OF R-404A R-452A. Page 1 of Tecumseh Products Company LLC. All rights reserved.
GUIDELINES FOR THE UTILIZATION OF R-404A R-452A Page 1 of 10 GUIDELINES FOR THE UTILIZATION OF R-404A AND R-452A For many years, R-404A has emerged as the industry's major choice as an alternative refrigerant
More informationWHITE PAPER The Importance of Rinsing in Metal Finishing Operations
WHITE PAPER The Importance of Rinsing in Metal Finishing Operations By Steve Rudy, CEF & Sales/Technical Representative The focus or driving force of rinsing is to eliminate contaminants from the surface.
More informationIt s Economics and Performance
E I ect ron ic Controls Design Inc. Water-Alcohol Cleaning It s Economics and Performance Steven D. Glass Director of Marketing & Sales Electronic Controls Design, Inc. Milwaukie, Oregon U.S.A 1990 Int
More informationSerec Corporation. American owned company located in Rhode Island, with a 30,000 square foot facility.
Overview Serec Corporation American owned company located in Rhode Island, with a 30,000 square foot facility. We manufacture standard and custom designed part cleaning machines to support all manufacturing
More informationHIGH QUALITY VAPOR PHASE REFLOW SOLDERING. SMTA Arizona-Sonora December 4th 2012
HIGH QUALITY VAPOR PHASE REFLOW SOLDERING THE ADVANCED SOFT SOLDERING TECHNOLOGY SMTA Arizona-Sonora December 4th 2012 IBL Reflow soldering is a complex physical and chemical process. The demand of lead
More informationOTC Model Rule for Solvent Degreasing 2012
OTC Model Rule for Solvent Degreasing 2012 This model rule was developed by the Ozone Transport Commission (OTC) as part of a regional effort to attain and maintain the one-hour ozone standard, address
More informationResponsible Care Product Stewardship for Refrigerants
1 ABSTRACT Responsible Care Product Stewardship for Refrigerants Christoph Meurer; Ewald Preisegger Solvay Fluor und Derivate GmbH Hans-Böckler-Allee 20 30161 Hannover Germany Product stewardship summarizes
More informationVacuum Booster for Distillation Process
Vacuum Booster for 1.00 Introduction: Distillation at reduced pressures is a widely used process in the chemical industry, specially used in extraction / purification of essential oils, deodorisation of
More informationLS Series Solvent Recovery Systems
Why Recycle? LS Series Solvent Recovery Systems Profitability is measured in many ways. Looking toward the future of your business is as important as having an environment in which to do business. Finish
More informationOntario Region POLLUTION PREVENTION FACT SHEET. Pollution Prevention Program - Federal Programs Division
Ontario Region Environmental Protection Branch POLLUTION PREVENTION FACT SHEET Pollution Prevention Program - Federal Programs Division Fact Sheet #13: Pollution Prevention for Cleaning and Degreasing
More informationChemical Products COMPLETE LINE
Chemical Products COMPLETE LINE Professional Quality Chemical Products New and Improved Formulations CFC/HCFC Free Chemicals Color-Coded Aerosol Caps Black Industrial Use Only White General Use Full Spectrum
More informationGuidance Document for the Halogenated Solvent Cleaner NESHAP - Forms Only Version
EPA-453/R-94-081 Guidance Document for the Halogenated Solvent Cleaner NESHAP - Forms Only Version Sponsored by: Emission Standards Division Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards U. S. Environmental
More informationHow to deal with ...R410A MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC R32 R125 R410A AIRCONDITIO NING
How to deal with R32 R125 R410A...R410A MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC AIRCONDITIO NING R410A Contents What is R410A?......................................... 3 Expressions...........................................
More informationExperimentation and Fabrication of Iceplant Using Ecofriendly Refrigerant
Experimentation and Fabrication of Iceplant Using Ecofriendly Refrigerant Shubham Rangari 1, Shubham Mahakalkar 2, Shubham Tiple 3, Praharsh Marathe 4, Sameer Bansod 5, Sunnyraj Katam 6, Suraj Nagrare
More informationEVALUATING RINSING EFFECTIVENESS IN SPRAY-IN-AIR CLEANERS
As originally published in the SMTA Proceedings EVALUATING RINSING EFFECTIVENESS IN SPRAY-IN-AIR CLEANERS Umut Tosun, M.S.Ch.E., Jigar Patel, M.S.Ch.E. ZESTRON Americas Manassas, VA, USA u.tosun@zestronusa.com
More informationFor inspection purposes only.
Attachment F.1 Neutralisation System Process Description The CPG process generates both acid and caustic waste water from the acid/base leaching processes. This waste water will be collected in dedicated
More informationRS-70 is suitable as a direct replacement for R-22 in low, medium and high temperatures in a great number of applications:
TECHNICAL DATA SHEET Features and uses of is a non-azeotropic blend of HFC with zero Ozone Depletion Potential et low Global Warming Potential (GWP), formulated to meet the requirements of the F-Gas Regulation
More informationobtained frm- implementation of alternative, cost-effective cleaning technologies.
complexity of the parts, as well as their critical tolerances. In many rebuilding facilities, transmissions are cleaned in aqueous spray washers followed by manual scrubbing in a solvent tank. The latter
More informationa. CFCs. b. HCFCs. c. Pressurized nitrogen. d. Compressed dry air. 17. The state of the refrigerant leaving the condenser of a refrigeration system
Core 1. Ozone in the stratosphere above the earth consists of: a. Molecules containing 3 oxygen atoms. b. Molecules of 2 oxygen atoms. c. Radioactive particles. d. Pollutants that have risen from ground
More informationHYDREX * WS Cleaner For Stencil/Misprint Cleaning and Defluxing
HYDREX * WS Cleaner For Stencil/Misprint Cleaning and Defluxing Description HYDREX WS Cleaner is a blend of solvents and de-ionized (DI) water formulated to offer safe, non-flammable cleaning in aqueous
More informationEvaluation of HCFC Alternative Refrigerants
Evaluation of HCFC Alternative Refrigerants Shaobo Jia Global Innovation Heatcraft Worldwide Refrigeration shaobo.jia@heatcraftrpd.com Introduction It is well-known that HCFC refrigerants widely used in
More informationLeading the Industry in Cleaning Technology for Over 30 Years.
Leading the Industry in Cleaning Technology for Over 30 Years. Aqua ROSE TM Batch Cleaner / ROSE Tester CHEMISTRY TYPE: Water and Aqueous Cleaning Chemistries SYSTEM CAPABILITIES: Saves Time and Money
More informationEnergy Use in Refrigeration Systems
2012 Rocky Mountain ASHRAE Technical Conference Energy Use in Refrigeration Systems PRESENTED BY: Scott Martin, PE, LEED AP BD+C Objectives Understand mechanical refrigeration terms Describe how heat is
More informationCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The science which deals with creating a controlled climate in indoor space is called air conditioning. Earlier days the air-conditioning was treated as a luxury,
More informationCleanliness of Electronic PCB Assemblies Leads to Medical Device Reliability
Cleanliness of Electronic PCB Assemblies Leads to Medical Device Reliability by Mo Ohady and David Estes, Digicom Electronics, Oakland, CA Overcoming the Potential for Failures Component manufacturers
More informationVAPOUR RECOVERY DURING FUEL LOADING. Ben Adamson Principal Engineer Refrigeration Engineering Pty Ltd, NSW Australia
VAPOUR RECOVERY DURING FUEL LOADING Ben Adamson Principal Engineer Refrigeration Engineering Pty Ltd, NSW Australia ben_adamson@refeng.com.au ABSTRACT Volatile fuels such as gasoline and naphtha, and to
More informationWORK PLAN ULTRASONIC CLEANING USING A HEATED INORGANIC CLEANING FLUID ERIE COUNTY/EPA WRITE PROGRAM. Prepared For:
WORK PLAN ULTRASONIC CLEANING USING A HEATED INORGANIC CLEANING FLUID ERIE COUNTY/EPA WRITE PROGRAM EVALUATION NO. 2 - CONAX BUFFALO CORPORATION Prepared For: Erie County Department of ~nvironment & planning
More informationCAV-METER ULTRASONIC CAVITATION INTENSITY METER
INSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR CAV-METER ULTRASONIC CAVITATION INTENSITY METER PLEASE READ THIS MANUAL CAREFULLY BEFORE OPERATION 3, Hagavish st. Israel 58817 Tel: 972 3 5595252, Fax: 972 3 5594529 mrc@mrclab.com
More informationUEE11 Electrotechnology. Training Package. UEENEEJ108A Recover, pressure test, evacuate, charge and leak test refrigerants SAMPLE.
UEE11 Electrotechnology Training Package UEENEEJ108A Recover, pressure test, evacuate, charge and leak test refrigerants Learner Workbook Version 1 Training and Education Support Industry Skills Unit Meadowbank
More informationETI-Z Series Centrifugal Chiller Applied Low GWP Refrigerant to Contribute to the Prevention of Global Warming
ETI-Z Series Centrifugal Chiller Applied Low GWP Refrigerant to Contribute to the Prevention of Global Warming 88 KENJI UEDA *1 YOSHINORI SHIRAKATA *2 YASUSHI HASEGAWA *3 NORIYUKI MATSUKURA *4 NAOYA MIYOSHI
More informationManaging Wash Lines and Controlling White Residue by Statistical Process Control
Managing Wash Lines and Controlling White Residue by Statistical Process Control William T (Tim) Wright Sypris Electronics, LLC Tampa, Florida, USA I. Abstract A statistical-based method was developed
More informationHybrid Drying Technology for In-line Aqueous Cleaning of Lead-Free Assemblies
Hybrid Drying Technology for In-line Aqueous Cleaning of Lead-Free Assemblies Dirk Ellis Speedline Technologies Camdenton, MO Abstract The use of high velocity, heated air to remove residual water has
More informationAll rights for changes reserved that lead to technical improvement. kolb GmbH 2017
AirFlow For the mass cleaning of condensation filters of virtually all manufacturers, carriers from flux, condensate, oil, dust, grease Usable chamber dimensions: W 770 D 1.030 H 600 mm PulseFlow ClosedLoop
More informationBrazed Plate Heat Exchanger for CO Applications
Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger for CO Applications www.kaori-bphe.com CO 2 (R744) Due to global warming, climate change phenomenon, and rising restriction on the use of high GWP synthetic refrigerant; replacing
More informationWhich RO/DI Water Heater is Right For Your Application? By: Caitlin Carrier
Which RO/DI Water Heater is Right For Your Application? By: Caitlin Carrier Introduction: Deionized water, referred to as DI Water, has emerged as an indispensable component in process applications. From
More informationINDUSTRIAL DEHUMIDIFICATION DRYING OF SOFTWOODS
INDUSTRIAL DEHUMIDIFICATION DRYING OF SOFTWOODS James B. Wilson Forest Research Laboratory Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon The drying of wood is the most energy intensive operation in forest
More informationReference Specification
Specification No. JELF243A-0040D Issued Date: Feb. 18, 2005 Reference Specification Part Description: CHIP COIL MURATA Part No: LQH32CN 33L RoHS regulation conformity parts. Technical Dept. Prepared by
More informationMain Anthropogenic Sources of Greenhouse Gases Refrigerants
Main Anthropogenic Sources of Greenhouse Gases Refrigerants Content Refrigerant definition Refrigerants Refrigerants as a source of GHG Refrigerant Definition A refrigerant is a substance or mixture, usually
More informationDue to its low temperature glide about 1.5 approx. (75% less than R-407C and R-427A), it is suitable for a wide range of applications.
TECHNICAL DATA SHEET R434A () Features and uses of R-434A () is a non-flammable HFC mixture. ODP = 0, compatible with traditional mineral lubricants, alkyl benzene and also with synthetic POE, so there
More informationProduct Manual. Viscount IV series of carbonators and chillers. Part Number 3B3075 Issue 01 [ ]
Product Manual Viscount IV series of carbonators and chillers Part Number 3B3075 Issue 01 [16-04-07] Contents Section Page Section Page Introduction 2 Safety 2 Description 2 Schematics 4 Fault Finding
More informationOptional Lift + Automatic Air Operated Sliding Cover
Optional Lift + Automatic Air Operated Sliding Cover Designed Specifically For Honeywell Solstice PF Solvent Accommodates Nonflammable Fluorinated & Brominated Vapor Degreasing Solvents 304 Stainless
More informationManual & Automated Ultrasonic Equipment Range
Kerry Ultrasonics quality precision cleaning Manual & Automated Ultrasonic Equipment Range where quality comes to the surface Introduction to ultrasonics How does it work? Why use ultrasonics Ultrasonics
More informationRSES Technical Institute Training Manual 1 70 hours, 70 NATE CEHs, 7.2 CEUs
Lesson 1 - Introduction to Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Define refrigeration. Identify the basic components of a refrigeration cycle. Identify the various gas laws and their importance to a basic
More informationA powerful organic cleaner and degreaser that enhances workplace safety without compromising performance.
triple 7 Heavy Duty A powerful organic cleaner and degreaser that enhances workplace safety without compromising performance. > Removes heavy oil & grease deposits & Protects the cleaning surface > Extra
More informationThe Current Path of Refrigerants
The Current Path of Refrigerants Rick Wentling NA Market Development Manager Opteon Stationary Refrigerants November 9, 2017 Prediction is very difficult; especially if it s about the future. - Neils Bohr
More information9th ANNUAL AEROSPACE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE SEPTEMBER 28-30,1994 DENVER, COLORADO
9th ANNUAL AEROSPACE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE SEPTEMBER 28-30,1994 DENVER, COLORADO TECHNICAL PAPER COVER SHEET Paper Title: Martin Marietta Control Systems - ODC Elimination Program for
More informationRefrigeration Technology in Building Services Engineering
Unit 70: Unit code: T/600/0459 QCF Level: 3 Credit value: 10 Guided learning hours: 60 Unit aim Refrigeration Technology in Building Services Engineering This unit develops an understanding of the principles,
More informationElectronic and General Purpose Cleaning. Wash away the worry of contaminants
Electronic and General Purpose Cleaning Wash away the worry of contaminants Electronic and General Purpose Cleaners Flux Removal Metal Degreasing Bulk & Aerosol Water & Solvent Based Flammable & Non-flammable
More informationModel C-380. Instruction Manual. Refrigerant Leak Detector. reedinstruments
Model C-380 Refrigerant Leak Detector Instruction Manual reedinstruments www 1-877-849-2127 info@reedinstruments. www.reedinstruments. Table of Contents Safety... 3 Features... 3 Specifications... 4 Instrument
More informationa. CFCs. b. HCFCs. c. Pressurized nitrogen. d. Compressed dry air. 17. The state of the refrigerant leaving the condenser of a refrigeration system
Core 1. Ozone in the stratosphere above the earth consists of: a. Molecules containing 3 oxygen atoms. b. Molecules of 2 oxygen atoms. c. Radioactive particles. d. Pollutants that have risen from ground
More informationUse of R1234yf, R744 (CO 2 ) and R134a in automotive air conditioning
Use of R1234yf, R744 (CO 2 ) and R134a in automotive air conditioning This initiative was developed by: Content and guidance kindly provided by the following organisations: Cool Drive CPS Asia Pacific
More informationTheory of Operation: How Parts Cleaning Works
Theory of Operation: How Parts Cleaning Works MART defines the term to clean as to overpower the soils. The MART Parts Washer is a high-impact pressure, high-temperature, industrial water-based cleaning
More informationAOUEOUS CLEANING TECHNOLOGY FOR PRECISION ELECTRONIC PARTS
&+z=z&- AOUEOUS CLEANING TECHNOLOGY FOR PRECISION ELECTRONIC PARTS I? Bt368 2- $1 77 PJ F Yoshihide Shibano, President S 6 C Co., Ltd. 1. WHAT IS ULTRASONIC CLEANING? Before I speak about our remarkable
More informationRole of Nano-technology for improving of thermal performances of vapour compression refrigeration system (VCRS): An Overview
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Innovation Vol-2, Issue-1 (2018), 21-28 International Journal of Research in Engineering and Innovation (IJREI) journal home page: http://www.ijrei.com
More informationAeroflex Colorado Springs Circuit Card Assembly Major Process Equipment Overview November 2010
Aeroflex Colorado Springs Circuit Card Assembly Major Process Equipment Overview November 2010 Component Prep Lead Forming Equipment: Fancort Flex Lead Forming System Fancort Universal Lead Forming System
More informationWILLIAM HICKS. MSc, CFEI, CFPS, IAAI-CFI, MIFireE, EFO, CFOD, F-IAFI. Associate Professor Eastern Kentucky University
Foam Systems WILLIAM HICKS MSc, CFEI, CFPS, IAAI-CFI, MIFireE, EFO, CFOD, F-IAFI Associate Professor Eastern Kentucky University William.Hicks@eku.edu Objectives Classify high, medium, and lowexpansion
More informationB. A. T. Basic Appliance Training
B. A. T. Basic Appliance Training BASIC REFRIGERATION presented by Phil Whitehead Program Objective The objective of this program is to give you some of the basic elements that are essential to understanding
More informationAmmonia. Background on ammonia as a refrigerant
Ammonia Danfoss Industrial refrigeration has written a technical paper on things to consider when changing from HFC/HCFC s to ammonia. It outlines some of the main differences between the different plant
More informationSection 1: Theory of Heat Unit 3: Refrigeration and Refrigerants
Section 1: Theory of Heat Unit 3: Refrigeration and Refrigerants Unit Objectives After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Discuss applications for high-, medium-, and low temperature refrigeration.
More information20. Cooling Techniques for High Density Electronics (2)
20. Cooling Techniques for High Density Electronics (2) 20.1 Direct Impingement Cooling In this method, components are cooled directly by blowing the coolant (such air). Flow channels are developed in
More informationHOW TO SELECT AN INDIRECT THERMAL TECHNOLOGY FOR INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS PROCESSING
white paper HOW TO SELECT AN INDIRECT THERMAL TECHNOLOGY FOR INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS PROCESSING Better Thermal Processing Results Begin with Selecting the Right Technology Authored by Rob Grady Director of
More informationCommittee Input No. 60-NFPA [ Sections , ]
Page 1 of 15 Committee Input No. 60-NFPA 34-2013 [ Sections 3.3.7.1, 3.3.7.2 ] Sections 3.3.7.1, 3.3.7.2 3.3.7.1 Combustible Liquid. A Any liquid that has a closed-cup flash point at or above 100 F (37.8
More informationA Primer on HFOs. Hydrofluoro-olefins Low-GWP Refrigerants. Brett Van Horn, PhD Arkema Inc.
A Primer on HFOs Hydrofluoro-olefins Low-GWP Refrigerants Brett Van Horn, PhD Arkema Inc. January 30, 2011 2011 ASHRAE Winter Conference Las Vegas, NV Learning Objectives for this Session Describe the
More informationCO 2 EVAPORATOR DESIGN
By Bruce I. Nelson, P.E., President, Colmac Coil Manufacturing, Inc. CO 2 EVAPORATOR DESIGN Introduction The process of selecting air cooling evaporators to operate in a CO 2 refrigeration system is very
More informationCavitator Ultrasonic Cleaner Instruction Manual Model 20G
Cavitator Ultrasonic Cleaner Instruction Manual Model 20G Made in China 1333 South Claudina Street Anaheim, CA 92805 Toll Free: (800) 854 9305 Tel: (714) 533 2221 FAX: (714) 635 7539 Web site: www.mettlerelectronics.com
More informationThomas J.M. Weaver PresidentlCEO PROSYS Corporation
RECYCLING AND RECOVERY OF CLEJWING SOLUTIONS Thomas J.M. Weaver PresidentlCEO PROSYS Corporation ABSTRACT : The proper cleaning of components in the metal finishing industry is the key to quality in the
More informationScroll Chillers Transition from HCFC-22 to HFCs
Scroll Chillers Transition from HCFC-22 to HFCs An HVAC Manufacturer s Perspective Todd Brown McQuay International Business Development Manager Chillers todd.brown@mcquay.com ICF Workshop, Montreal Canada,
More informationInstruction Manual for Bench-Top Cleaning Baths
Precision Ultrasonic Cleaning Equipment Instruction Manual for Bench-Top Cleaning Baths 1 Oxford Street, Cardiff, CF24 3WY United Kingdom Telephone Sales: 0845 330 4236 Telephone Service: 0845 330 4238
More informationa. CFCs. b. HCFCs. c. Pressurized nitrogen. d. Compressed dry air. 17. The state of the refrigerant leaving the condenser of a refrigeration system
Core 1. Ozone in the stratosphere above the earth consists of: a. Molecules containing 3 oxygen atoms. b. Molecules of 2 oxygen atoms. c. Radioactive particles. d. Pollutants that have risen from ground
More informationPretreatment Processes for the Aluminum Extrusion Industry. Harry Adams - BCI Surface Technologies Bruce Chambeau Republic Chemical Co., Inc.
Pretreatment Processes for the Aluminum Extrusion Industry Harry Adams - BCI Surface Technologies Bruce Chambeau Republic Chemical Co., Inc. Purpose of Pretreatment Process Clean/etch, condition and treat
More informationThe complete approach to the care and management of A/C & refrigeration systems
The complete approach to the care and management of A/C & refrigeration systems Testing oil with the Phase III Refrigeration Oil Acid Test Kit Flushing with OEM endorsed R x 11-flush Acid removal with
More informationBefore digging into the 10 things you should know let s start with a brief explanation of the process.
Ultrasonic cleaners are unsurpassed when it comes to removing contaminants from virtually any hard surface that can be safely immersed in a cleaning solution. The challenge is selecting the correct ultrasonic
More information