FUME CUPBOARDS DESIGN FEATURES GENERAL ARRANGEMENT FACE VELOCITIES EXTRACTION SYSTEMS AIRFLOW CHARACTERISTICS

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DESIGN FEATURES 1233 1233 mm mm 150 150 335 335 mm mm 150 150 HEIGHT HEIGHT TO TO EXTRACT EXTRACT

265 mm LABORATORY 365 mm REMOVABLE REMOVABLE PANEL PANEL 85 730 730 mm mm 550 550 mm mm DOOR DOOR

1 DESIGN FEATURES mm mm mm mm HEIGHT HEIGHT TO TO EXTRACT EXTRACT APERTURE APERTURE FILTER FILTER mm SECTION 590 mm GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 150 FACE VELOCITIES mm LABORATORY 365 mm REMOVABLE REMOVABLE PANEL PANEL mm mm mm mm DOOR DOOR OPENING OPENING mm mm HEIGHT HEIGHT ABOVE ABOVE BENCH BENCH EXTRACTION SYSTEMS AIRFLOW CHARACTERISTICS

2 CONTENTS 1 2/ / / Introduction to laboratory fume cupboards General design features - Constaflow FC General arrangement - Constaflow FC General arrangement - Inductaflow FC Design features - Inductaflow FC Design features - Distillation FC - Walk-In FC - Perchloric acid FC Design features - Radiochemical and Isotope FC General arrangement - Distillation FC General arrangement - Walk-In FC General arrangement - Radiochemical FC Schematic drawings of range & GAM valves Fume cupboard face velocities Airflow characteristics Optional Items & Additional Products General arrangement - understructures Fume extraction systems Emergency showers & Eye wash FOR: UNIVERSITIES, TECHNICAL COLLEGES, CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES, MINING INDUSTRIES, NUCLEAR RESEARCH STATIONS, PUBLIC UTILITIES. MAXIMUM SAFETY, MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY, MAXIMUM ECONOMY, MINIMUM AIR EXTRACTION, MINIMUM COUNTERFLOW, MINIMUM TURBULENCE.

1 INTRODUCTION The fume cupboard is the single most important factor to be considered when planning a laboratory. Toxic fumes can cause injury or even death.

3 1 INTRODUCTION The fume cupboard is the single most important factor to be considered when planning a laboratory. Toxic fumes can cause injury or even death. Corrosive fumes can cause severe damage to sophisticated and expensive equipment. Safety margins require that a high standard of efficient extraction be achieved with the sash fully open and with a minimum quantity of air. Herein lies the challenge for the designer because the replacement of air which has been extracted requires costly energy, particularly in air conditioned laboratories. The modern fume cupboard is a sophisticated piece of laboratory equipment and its precise function for any given situation is predetermined at the design stage. We have long realised that the so-called fume cupboard which is little more than a ventilated box, devoid of aerodynamic design, gives unsatisfactory performance and no longer has any useful function to perform in the modern laboratory. This realisation is to-day shared by most users and the proof lies in the considerable success enjoyed by the Constaflow and Inductaflow range of fume cupboards. These fume cupboards, designed to meet the most stringent operating conditions, are specified in almost all major laboratory projects. The company s policy of continually seeking improvements in design and manufacture is actively pursued and therefore illustrations and descriptions appearing in this catalogue are not binding in detail.

4 GENERAL DESIGN FEATURES CONSTAFLOW 2 Airfoil Design Each fume cupboard has an airfoil design at the entrance where the inner liner forms an unbroken line with the outer airfoil sections. This feature, in conjunction with correct baffle positioning in the fume cupboard chamber, creates a smooth flow of air and uniform face velocities even with the sash fully open. The airfoil design minimizes turbulence caused by the movement of laboratory personnel. An air slot, situated immediately above the work surface, facilitates the speedy removal of heavy fumes at a low level. Air Bypass Each fume cupboard has an air bypass which avoids excessive face velocities which might otherwise interfere with the work in the fume cupboard. The bypass provides a constant volume airflow through the cupboard, even when the sash is in the fully closed position. Work Surface Each fume cupboard is fitted with an integral work surface of a suitable material. The work top is dished to form a watertight pan, 10mm deep, to contain spillage. A drip cup (1,5 BSP male connection) fitted flush with the surface is let into the work top. Sliding Door A rise and fall sash is fitted to each fume cupboard and the sash is counterbalanced with a single weight. A stainless steel sash cable runs on ball raced nylon pulleys. The easy to operate sash has a continuous fingergrip and runs in recessed guides which do not obstruct the flow of air into the fume cupboard. A fail safe system is built into the design of door mechanism in the unlikely event of cable breakage the door will not come down. Electrical Services 15 amp switch socket outlets and the light switch are mounted on a removable panel at the left hand side of the fume cupboard. The fluorescent light is mounted into a hinged box fixed to the front part of the roof and is well protected from corrosive fumes, by a 6mm thick sheet of toughened glass.

3 GENERAL DESIGN FEATURES CONSTAFLOW Mechanical Services DIN colour coded valves of the remote control type form an integral part of the fume cupboard.

Remote Control Valve Water outlet Gas outlet Service Connections All connections, mechanical and electrical, are located in the service ducts between the inner and outer panels on either side of the

Mechanical services are piped by means of flexible polyethelene tubing between valve and outlet, with plain ends protruding into the space underneath the fume cupboard for mains connection by others.

5 3 GENERAL DESIGN FEATURES CONSTAFLOW Mechanical Services DIN colour coded valves of the remote control type form an integral part of the fume cupboard. The valve controls are mounted at eye level on a removable panel which is situated on the right hand side of the fume cupboard. Rylsan coated service outlets are mounted on the inner side wall. Remote Control Valve Water outlet Gas outlet Service Connections All connections, mechanical and electrical, are located in the service ducts between the inner and outer panels on either side of the cupboard, where they are well protected from corrosive fumes. Mechanical services are piped by means of flexible polyethelene tubing between valve and outlet, with plain ends protruding into the space underneath the fume cupboard for mains connection by others. Electrical sockets and the light switch are wired by means of 3 core captyre into a junction box which is mounted onto the left hand side of the roof. Mains connections by others. Materials & Method of Construction (Anti-fire hazard) Generally and with few exceptions all materials used are non-inflammable. This minimizes the fire hazard when heat sources such as gas flames and high temperature electric hot plates are used in the fume cupboard. Fume cupboards are delivered in individual sections which are joined together on site by means of corrosion resistant fasteners. This method reduces the risk of damage in transit and facilitates the easy replacement of individual components if necessary.

6 JUNCTION BOX 265mm JUNCTION BOX SERVICE DUCT ELECTRICAL SERVICE DUCT MECHANICAL mm JUNCTION BOX mm HEIGHT TO EXTRACT APERTURE 730 mm DOOR OPENING 1580 HEIGHT ABOVE BENCH 4 CONSTAFLOW 265 mm TYPE 1200 = 850 mm 1500 = 1150 mm 2000 = 1650 mm 3000 = 2650 mm 590 mm TYPE 1200 = 1200 mm 1500 = 1500 mm 2000 = 2000 mm 3000 = 3000 mm mm SECTION mm TYPE 2000 TYPE 2000 = 190mm TYPE 2500 = 240mm 590mm TYPE mm 590mm SECTIONAL TYPE 1200 & 1500 TYPE mm for mm for mm TYPE 1200 = 600mm TYPE 1500 = 750mm 620mm 880mm 880mm 620mm TYPE 3000 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT

7 265mm SERVICE DUCT ELECTRICAL SERVICE DUCT MECHANICAL mm mm 730 mm DOOR OPENING 5 INDUCTAFLOW 1060 mm DEPTH HEIGHT TO EXTRACT APERTURE mm HEIGHT ABOVE BENCH TYPE 1200 = 850 mm 1500 = 1150 mm 2000 = 1650 mm 590 mm WORKING DEPTH TYPE 1200 = 1200 mm 1500 = 1500 mm 2000 = 2000 mm mm 150 ELEVATION SECTION 290mm TYPE 1500 O.D. O.D. 250 Extract 203 Input Side Optional SECTIONAL mm 1200mm 2000mm O.D. 315 Input O.D. 203 Input O.D. 200 Extract O.D. 200 Extracts TYPE 1200 TYPE 2000 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT

8 6 GENERAL DESIGN FEATURES INDUCTAFLOW Constaflow fume cupboard. Inductaflow Fume Cupboards Based on the proven Constaflow principle, the Inductaflow fume cupboards have been developed primarily to conserve the energy which is produced in conditioning room air. Although air conditioning is expensive, both in initial cost and in continued operation, such expenses can be minimized by the utilisation of Inductaflow fume cupboards. Inductaflow fume cupboards incorporate an auxiliary air plenum chamber, through which up to 60% of the total air extracted is introduced from outside sources; only 40% of the total extracted air is taken from within the room. The Inductaflow cupboard therefore requires an auxiliary air supply system, in addition to the fume extraction system.

9 7 DISTILLATION Walk in fume cupboard. Distillation Fume Cupboard & Walk In Fume Cupboard Designed on Constaflow principles these types of fume cupboards facilitate the efficient extraction of fumes which result from working with toxic or noxious gases in conjunction with bulky laboratory apparatus. The Distillation fume cupboard is supplied with one sliding door which covers a maximum of two thirds of the total open face area. The Walk In fume cupboard is equipped with two sliding doors which can be fully opened. This facilitates the installation of large distillation equipment and scaffolding. Perchloric Acid Fume Cupboard Laboratory work which involves the use of Perchloric Acid should only be undertaken in a fume cupboard which has been specifically designed for the purpose. Both the interior liner and the work surface should preferably be fabricated from 316 stainless steel; this material is inorganic, almost completely non-absorbent and largely resistant to the acid. The work surface should incorporate an integral continuous trough and drip cup for collecting and draining wash down water. It should be welded to the interior liner and the complete interior should be of a seamless welded watertight construction. A water spray system should be incorporated into the fume cupboard, permitting a daily wash down. The washing down should be performed after the days work when the fume cupboard is not in use and with the extraction fan switched off. Special consideration should be given to the provision of higher than normal face velocities and duct systems should be straight and as short as possible. Perchloric acid fume cupboards should be connected to their own individual extraction systems.

8 RADIO CHEMICAL & ISOTOPE Constaflow fume cupboard. Radio Chemical & Isotope Fume Cupboard Special considerations should be given to fume cupboards for radiochemical use.

10 8 RADIO CHEMICAL & ISOTOPE Constaflow fume cupboard. Radio Chemical & Isotope Fume Cupboard Special considerations should be given to fume cupboards for radiochemical use. The interior liner and the work surface should be made of type 304 or 316 stainless steel with seamless welds and an integral drip cup. The interior should be free of gaps and crevices to facilitate easy decontamination and cleaning. Where necessary bag in bag out HEPA ABSOLUTE FILTERS must be specified in the exhaust system and the fan must be capable of coping with the increased resistance offered by the filter. Fume cupboard face velocities have to be higher than normal and individual exhaust systems should be connected to these fume cupboards.

11 JUNCTION BOX 265mm JUNCTION BOX SERVICE DUCT ELECTRICAL SERVICE DUCT MECHANICAL mm JUNCTION BOX 25 DOOR CLOSED POSITION 1220 mm OPENING 1683 mm 430 mm OPEN 2030 mm HEIGHT ABOVE BENCH DOOR IN OPEN POSITION 9 DISTILLATION 265 mm TYPE 1200 = 850 mm 1500 = 1150 mm 2000 = 1650 mm 3000 = 2650 mm HEIGHT TO EXTRACT APERTURE 590 mm WORKING DEPTH TYPE 1200 = 1200 mm 1500 = 1500 mm 2000 = 2000 mm 3000 = 3000 mm mm SECTION 150 ELEVATION 290mm TYPE 2000 TYPE 2000 = 190mm TYPE 2500 = 240mm 590mm TYPE mm 590mm SECTIONAL TYPE 1200 & 1500 TYPE mm for mm for mm TYPE 1200 TYPE 1500 = = 600mm 750mm 620mm 880mm TYPE mm 620mm GENERAL ARRANGEMENT

12 265mm SERVICE DUCT ELECTRICAL SERVICE DUCT MECHANICAL mm 1680 mm DOOR OPENING 2550 mm HEIGHT 10 WALK-IN 265 mm TYPE 1200 = 850 mm 1500 = 1150 mm 2000 = 1650 mm HEIGHT TO EXTRACT APERTURE 555 mm TYPE 1200 = 1200 mm 1500 = 1500 mm 2000 = 2000 mm 215 WORKING DEPTH Below Ground Level 980 mm DEPTH 290mm SECTIONAL TYPE 1200 & 1500 TYPE mm TYPE 1200 TYPE 1500 = = 600mm 750mm 590mm 820mm TYPE mm GENERAL ARRANGEMENT

13 SERVICE DUCT ELECTRICAL 315mm SERVICE DUCT MECHANICAL mm DOOR OPENING 1233 mm mm 150 HEIGHT TO EXTRACT APERTURE 1870 mm HEIGHT ABOVE BENCH FILTER REMOVABLE PANEL 550 mm RADIO CHEMICAL 365 mm 265 mm TYPE 1200 = 850 mm 1500 = 1150 mm 2000 = 1650 mm 590 mm TYPE 1200 = 1200 mm 1500 = 1500 mm 2000 = 2000 mm ELEVATION mm SECTION SECTIONAL TYPE 1200 & 1500 TYPE 2000 O.D. 250mm & O.D. 250mm 315mm O.D. TYPE 1200 TYPE 1500 = = 600mm 750mm 1000mm 1000mm GENERAL ARRANGEMENT

14 12 LABORATORY CONSTAFLOW FUME CUPBOARD WALK-IN FUME CUPBOARD DISTILLATION FUME CUPBOARD

15 13 WATER SPRAY INDUCTAFLOW FUME CUPBOARD CONTINUOUS TROUGH STAINLESSSTEEL WORKTOP PERCHLORIC ACID FUME CUPBOARD STAINLESSSTEEL WORKTOP RADIOCHEMICAL FUME CUPBOARD

16 14 FACE VELOCITIES Constaflow fume cupboard. Due to the smooth airflow pattern obtained with our range of fume cupboards, efficient extraction can be achieved even with the sash fully open, and at face velocities ranging from 0,30 to 0,65m/sec (60 to 120 lfpm) covering the complete spectrum from low toxicity, via medium, thru high toxicity. There are, of course, no hard and fast rules to apply, each and every application must be regarded seperately. Minimum face velocities may vary considerably even in a given application, and especially when adverse conditions pertain. Adverse conditions, over which the manufacturer of fume cupboards has no control, include:! Cross drafts which counteract the natural flow of air into the fume cupboard.! Excessive heat generation due to electric hot plates, gas burners, water and steam baths.! Large and bulky equipment being located close to the fume cupboard opening and which interferes with the smooth flow of air into the cupboard. Generally, we recommend the following face velocities for our fume cupboards; these velocities will give efficient extraction with the sash in the fully open position (for conventional non-airfoil fume cupboards add 40% to the quoted figures):! 0,55-0,66 m/sec - High toxicity applications! 0,45-0,55 m/sec - Medium toxicity applications! 0,35-0,45 m/sec - Low toxicity application Sufficiently high face velocities must be selected to provide an adequate safety margin for personnel. However even the best fume extraction systems are largely dependent upon favourable conditions in the laboratory and judicious use by the laboratory technician for successful operation.

17 EXHAUST EXHAUST AUXILIARY AIR EXHAUST EXHAUST ROOM AIR ROOM AIR 15 AIRFLOW CHARACTERISTICS ROOM AIR ROOM AIR ROOM AIR Constaflow - Sash open Constaflow - Sash closed AUXILIARY AIR ROOM AIR ROOM AIR ROOM AIR Inductaflow - Sash open Inductaflow - Sash closed

18 16 AIRFLOW CHARACTERISTICS A typical Constaflow fume cupboard installation. Constaflow Fume Cupboards Sash open With the sash in the open position the air bypass is closed; all air enters uniformly through the fume cupboard face opening and the air slot immediately above the work top. Sash closed With the sash in the closed position the air bypass is open; all air enters through the bypass and the air slot immediately above the work top. Inductaflow Fume Cupboards Sash open With the sash in the open position the auxiliary air enters the fume cupboard face opening via the pressurized air plenum chamber, which is equipped with an air splitter and guide vanes to create a smooth flow. Room air, mixes with the auxiliary air to enter the fume cupboard through the face opening and the air slot above the work top. Sash closed With the sash in the closed position the auxiliary air enters the fume cupboard through the air bypass. Room air also enters the cupboard through the air bypass, and to a lesser extent through the air slot above the work top. Note: Due to their airfoil design our range of fume cupboards permit extraction rates of up to 40% less than with out-moded fume cupboards of non-airfoil design and are markedly superior in fume extraction efficiency. The efficiency of our fume cupboards does not depend upon the closure of the sash; on the contrary, it is fully operational and provides effective extraction with the sash in any position.

19 17 Fume Extraction Systems A well designed fume cupboard requires an equally well designed fume extraction system. As pre-determined face velocities with the sash fully open must be achieved for efficient extraction, the fans must be capable of extracting the correct volume of air against the total system resistance. The ducts should be of sufficient diameter to avoid excessive air speeds in the ducts. Centrifugal fans should run at low speeds (approximately 1000 RPM) to avoid the excessive noise levels which otherwise stem from high tip speeds of the extraction fan(s). Exhaust stacks require special attention because they can become inefficient if poorly designed weather cowls impede the airflow at the exit point. All ducting and extraction systems should be resistant to corrosion and preferably of either PVC, Polypropylene or another suitable material. Perchloric Acid and Radio Chemical fume extraction systems require special consideration and in all instances where fume extraction systems are contemplated we suggest you consult us at the design stage where our experience will confer the utmost benefit to your installation. A typical fume extraction fan

20 mm 450mm 750mm 865mm mm 150 OPTIONAL ITEMS & ADDITIONAL PRODUCTS 18 Understructures Optional Fume Cupboard Understructures can be supplied for a variety of storage applications such as: General Purpose Acid Storage (with PVC or Polypropylene lining) Solvent Storage (with fire resistant lining material and built in dry powder fire extinguisher) 1500mm 2000mm 1200mm Reqd. on 2000mm 1000, 1500 & 2000mm mm SECTION GENERAL ARRANGEMENT

300 OPTIONAL ITEMS & ADDITIONAL PRODUCTS 19 Fume Hood Fume Hoods although not as efficient as a fume cupboard can be supplied to order in a range of corrosion resistant materials ranging from fibre

400mm 283 403 250mm 100mm 200 1200mm 1500mm 600mm 750mm Fume Extraction Arms Moveable localised extraction systems for convenient extraction at non fixed points eg: over a work bench where various

21 300 OPTIONAL ITEMS & ADDITIONAL PRODUCTS 19 Fume Hood Fume Hoods although not as efficient as a fume cupboard can be supplied to order in a range of corrosion resistant materials ranging from fibre glass, PVC, Polypropylene or clear perspex. 400mm mm 100mm mm 1500mm 600mm 750mm Fume Extraction Arms Moveable localised extraction systems for convenient extraction at non fixed points eg: over a work bench where various samples are tested and mobility is required. Can be supplied connected to a pre existing or its own extraction system. Uses: Dust extraction, chemical fume extraction and welding fume extraction. Safety Air Flow Alarm System A low airflow alarm system with audio visual indication can be installed to monitor and indicate correct and safe fume extraction. These units can also be retro fitted to existing fume cupboards.

20 OPTIONAL ITEMS & ADDITIONAL PRODUCTS Gas Scrubbers Environmental air pollution can be minimised by installation of

These systems are highly specialised and require further detailed information and consultation with the end user.

laboratory apparatus is available as follows: Drying ovens, incubators, low temperature incubators, growth chambers,

22 20 OPTIONAL ITEMS & ADDITIONAL PRODUCTS Gas Scrubbers Environmental air pollution can be minimised by installation of a gas scrubbing system into the fume cupboard extraction system. These systems are highly specialised and require further detailed information and consultation with the end user. Laboratory Valves, Emergency Showers and Eye Wash A catalogue of the full range of these items is available on request. Gas Scrubber Shower/Eye Wash Emergency Eye Wash Moveable Laboratory Emergency Spray Laboratory Apparatus A variety of laboratory apparatus is available as follows: Drying ovens, incubators, low temperature incubators, growth chambers, digestors, water baths, chilled water baths, circulators, hot plates, magnetic stirrers, shaking machines (linear and orbital), portable fume cupboards, bio hazard (class 1 and 2), laminar flow cabinets (horizontal and vertical) and furnaces. Separate data sheets available on request.

OPTIONAL ITEMS & ADDITIONAL PRODUCTS 21 Laboratory Furnature Laboratory furniture available in

available where conventional ducted fume cupboards are not required.

23 OPTIONAL ITEMS & ADDITIONAL PRODUCTS 21 Laboratory Furnature Laboratory furniture available in various materials such as steel, melamine, PVC, polypropylene, including special storage cupboards for acids and solvents. PVC Lined Acid Storage Cupboard Portable Filtered Fume Cupboard Portable filtered fume cupboards are available where conventional ducted fume cupboards are not required. Portable Filtered Fume Cupboard Laminar Flow Cabinets & Class 2 Biohazard Cabinets Horizontal, vertical Laminar Flow Cabinets and Class 1 & Class 2 Cabinets can be supplied on request. Horizontal Laminar Flow Cabinet

Laboratory Fume Cupboards

Laboratory Fume Cupboards 2006 (d)irene/ /Fumecupboards 4Jun07.doc.doc The University of Hong Kong Safety Office Laboratory Fume Cupboards Table of Content 1. Introduction 2. Components of a Fume Extraction