Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential in Urban Soils
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1 Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential in Urban Soils Sally Brown Craig Cogger Eric Miltner
2 Urban Soils Cut, compacted, and filled Depleted in organic matter Increased risk of runoff Poor environment for plant growth
3 Soil Amendments Traditionally added to: Improve plant growth Reduce runoff Added benefit: Carbon sequestration
4 Soil Amendment Synergy Sequestration of some amendment C in soil Better plant growth following amendment application, yielding more C-rich residues Local wastes become C and N resources for urban soils
5 The Urban Potential Turf and landscape plantings are no-till environments, lending themselves to C sequestration Gardens are tilled, but their small size makes high amendment rates feasible Substantial opportunities on vacant land (average 15% of urban space in US cities)
6 Two Urban Scenarios New Development Replace soil C lost during construction to improve landscape quality and water quality Soils for Salmon; Washington State Restoring urban vacant land Genesee Land Bank; Flint, Michigan
7 What is our potential for C sequestration? Summarize four middle-term (7-15 years) studies in western Washington Estimates of turfgrass C sequestration Estimates of urban soil restoration
8 Yard Waste Compost Incorporated and Woody Plants Established inch application 224 Mg/ha Compost: 22% C, 2% N
9 Biosolids Surface-Applied to Tall Fescue , 13, and 20 Mg/ha/year for 10 years, compared with inorganic N Biosolids: 32% C, 5% N
10 C sequestered 7-15 years after amendment applications Material Planting Total Rate (Mg/ha) Dates Soil C increase (Mg/ha) C sequestered (% of added C) Biosolids Surface applied Food Waste Compost Incorporated Yard Waste Compost Incorporated Yard Waste Compost Incorporated Tall fescue Tall fescue Turfgrass Woody landscape
11 Food Waste Composts Applied 1993 Tall fescue planted; no tillage since 1993 Soil carbon remained steady since 1998
12 Potential for C sequestration from soil amendments New development and redevelopment: Soils for Salmon approach Incorporate 8 cm compost for landscape beds, 4 cm for turf establishment If 50% of area is in turf and landscape, mid-term (5-15 year) C sequestration potential is about 4-5 Mg C/ha
13 Potential for C sequestration from soil amendments Vacant land restoration Often involves management of existing turf and landscape Opportunity to renovate soil on footprint of demolished houses and pavement. Ideal niche for soil amendments If soil renovation zone is 20% of land area, and is amended with 8 cm compost, C sequestration potential is about Mg C/ha Conversion to crop production increases amended area
14 Potential for C sequestration by turfgrass Golf Course Fairways Mg/ha/yr average C increase for years Little change after 30 years Qian and Follett, 2002 Model Estimates 1.06 Mg C/ha/yr under high level of management 16,380,000 ha in turf in US Milesi, et al., 2005 Accounting for CO 2 produced by mowers Mg C/ha/yr after subtracting mower emissions Sahu, 2007? How much turf is still accumulating C? How much turf receives low-input management?
15 C and N-rich organic matter from the city: The low-hanging fruit Biosolids, 60 lb/person/year Food waste, 60 lb/person/year Yard waste, 150 lb/person/year
16 Carbon sequestration potential of urban-derived organic matter applied to urban soils in the United States US organic waste generation Net compost generation Mean C mass Potential C sequestration Tg/year
17 Obtaining the Raw Ingredients Alameda County, CA: Engaging the public to practice food waste recycling
18 Marketing the Product for Local Benefits Tacoma, WA: Community support of biosolids as valuable soil amendment Parking strip garden amended with Tagro
19 Successful Use of Biosolids by Local Community to Improve Local Soils Must be Class A (composted or heat-treated) Must be in a user-friendly form Marketing is essential
Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential in Urban Soils
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