Leveraging Gunshot Recognition Analytics and Other Smart Sensor Technologies: Delivering Actionable Information To Law Enforcement and First

Transcription

1 Leveraging Gunshot Recognition Analytics and Other Smart Sensor Technologies: Delivering Actionable Information To Law Enforcement and First Responders (PB05) 1

2 Sally Fernandez, President, Safety Dynamics, Inc. Charles Butler, MPA, CPP, President / CEO, The Security Oracle, Inc. Darnell Washington, CISSP, President / CEO, SecureXperts, Inc. Lloyd P. Uliana, BA, PSS, Business Development Engineer, Bosch Security Systems, Inc. 2

3 Leveraging Gunshot Recognition Analytics and Other Smart Sensor Technologies 1. Smart Sensor Cybersecurity 2. Introduce GDS Technology 3. Discussion of GDS and Other Smart Security Sensors 4. Discussion on Added Value Smart Sensors Create for Situational Awareness 3

4 Turkish Oil Pipeline Explosion Stuxnet Precursor? The August 2008 Baku-Tbilisi- Ceyhan (BTC) oil pipeline explosion in Refahiye, eastern Turkey, was ruled at the time to be an accident resulting from a mechanical failure, which itself was a result of an oversight by Turkish government s supervisors. Western intelligence services concluded: Explosion was the result of a cyberattack. Hackers infiltrated the pipeline s surveillance systems and valve stations, and super-pressurized the crude oil in the pipeline, causing the explosion. Oil pipeline flames in 2008 explosion in Turkey // Source: newsbaku.info 4 4

5 Cybersecurity - Risk Management Validation according to NIST Cybersecurity Framework 5

6 Sandy Hook Elementary School With GDS: Immediate detection and notification could have significantly reduced casualties - Shooting at outer doors would have triggered system - Immediate notification to staff and police - Notification to staff as shooter entered may have allowed some classrooms to evacuate away from the shooter - Immediate notification to police could have eliminated confusion of number of shooters 9:30AM school doors locked by security system as usual 9:30AM staff move to front doors after hearing pops and are killed 9:31AM announcement over loud speakers of active shooter, shooter moves inside 9:35AM 911 call reporting shots fired 9:38AM school reports to 911 they are on lockdown Teachers later report trying to call 911, confused by the event, and resorting to shelter in place Approximately 9:50AM officers arrive on scene, shooter commits suicide 9:53AM officers report suspect is down, building cleared 6 6

7 With GDS: Immediate detection and notification could have significantly reduced casualties: - Immediate lock down to restrict movement - Immediate notification of police - Immediate notification to allow personnel to evacuate away from the shooters - Clear information on direction of shots, location of shooter provided to first responders - Could eliminate over 40 minutes in time spent notifying, responding, gathering intelligence, resolving information conflicts, and making an entrance Columbine High School First shots fired at 11:19 AM from an exterior staircase down into the cafeteria entrance 11:23 AM first 911 call to report a person injured 11:25 AM Dispatch first reports possible shots fired at Columbine High School By 11:30 AM, six Sheriff s deputies had arrive and established and covered school exits on the south, west and east sides students report various descriptions and locations, while gunshots can still be heard from inside the school 11:42 AM dispatch reports 3-4 shooters, one on the roof, two separate inside, and one possibly exited the school 11:52 AM SWAT Undersheriff authorizes SWAT on scene to make immediate entry 12:02 PM SWAT uses a fire truck to approach the building, exchange fire with shooter in the windows, make entry 12:08 PM Shooters commit suicide [ 50 minutes from the first shot until responders to enter the building] 7 7

8 The Problem Active Shooters 8 8

9 Virginia Tech 7:15AM Shooter murders female student and male RA in dorm rooms 7:17AM Shooter head back to his residence hall to change out of bloody clothes 7:20AM campus authority notified of injured female, caller does not identify it as a gunshot 7:24AM responding staff identify 2x victims from gunshots 8:15AM BOLO sent for victims boyfriend (not the shooter) 8:20AM Shooter is seen by the duck pond across campus 9:00AM Shooter mails manifesto to NBC news from a local post office 9:15AM Shooter enters Norris hall, and secures the door 9:26AM VT notify staff and students of homicide at the dorms via 9:40AM Shooter begins shooting in Norris hall 9:42AM 911 call reporting shots fired 9:45AM first officers arrive at the hall, cannot shoot through chains to enter building 9:50AM officers make entry after using shotgun to breach locks 9:50AM outdoor PA system announces active shooter 9:51AM shooter commits suicide as officers reach 2 nd floor 12:00PM-1:30PM several false reports of gunshots around campus [From first shots to officers respond to Norris Hall is 2 hours and 35 minutes] With GDS: Immediate detection and notification could have significantly reduced casualties - Shooting in dorms could have locked down other buildings - Would resulted in immediate notification response to dorms - Potentially could have interdicted shooter prior to accessing classes eliminating access to the other 47 victims - Eliminate over 2hour delay in public notification 9 9

10 The Problem Active Shooters The FBI identified 160 active shooter incidents that occurred in the United States between 2000 and Casualties not including shooters 70% of the incidents occurred in commerce/business and education 60% of incidents ended before police arrive 10 10

11 The Problem Terrorists / Active Shooters In the past several months there have been: Shootings incidents in: Israel, Ottawa, Paris White House Breach by an armed intruder and a drone New York City 11 11

12 The Problem Terrorists / Active Shooters 12 12

13 The Problem Terrorists What s at risk? Airports -- According to the Airline Pilots Security Alliance (APSA): "Terrorists will attempt to enter the air transportation system at the weakest point. The smallest, least secure airports are sometimes protected by a fence only 6ft high, with no barbed wire on top. Even larger airports face significant perimeter security challenges simply due to the size of the perimeter. An average perimeter at a mid-size US airport is 15 miles long

14 The Problem Terrorists What infrastructure is at risk? Energy Sites Chemical Communications and Data DoD facilities Other Government facilities Public venues Transportation *Most every venue is now at risk

15 Case Study The Problem: Time Breach of PG&E Metcalf Substation Took nearly 1 hour for response from the time the attackers cut the telephone lines Took about 2 hours for substation maintenance personnel to arrive PG&E was not aware of the type and extent of damage until arrival on scene 15 15

16 Reliance On The Timely Arrival of Local Response Forces Has Also Proven To Be Inadequate

17 Passive Physical Protection Systems (PPPS) Such As Cameras and Fences Have Proven To Be Inadequate

18 Lessons Learned Historically, 97% of attacks involve single shooters The majority of incidents end prior to first responders arrival 56% of events end without Applied Force or with shooter suicide 43% end with Applied Force including that applied by on scene actors Goal of the shooters is to cause casualties; they rely on easy access to stationary, passive victims Current tactics for Law Enforcement are to enter the area as quickly as possible and engage the shooter Bypass wounded victims Searching for clues to locate the shooter Sound of gunshots hard to distinguish in heavily populated areas and large buildings 18 18

19 Challenges Social Truths We cannot remove all of the weapons from private hands Identifying potential shooters prior to an event is difficult, if not impossible Predicting these events is impossible 19 19

20 Current Practices Current advice to organizations is to develop response plans for locking down buildings and evacuating personnel Guidance to population is RUN, HIDE, or FIGHT Public policy seeking gun control and mental health system reform Security Industry relying on workplace violence policies that focus on identification of potential shooters and reliance on facility security designed around theft or access control concerns Individual Police Officers are forced to develop situational awareness on the fly and take immediate action on their own Arming and increasing the number of School Resource Officers 20 20

21 History of Gunshot Detection Lessons learned from sniper incidents in Bosnia in the 1990 s led to research into Shot Detection Anti-Sniper systems developed in 2003 in reaction to urban combat in Iraq. DARPA research led to development and deployment of the BOOMERANG microphone system first funded in 1997 but expedited in 2003 Used widely in Iraq and Afghanistan, both stationary and mounted on vehicles to identify the source of gunfire and provide direction to soldiers or control weapon systems Law Enforcement: used in a wide-area-surveillance application for high violence neighborhoods First employed in California in 1996, and many other inner-cities since, systems record events, notify officers, and provide evidence for prosecution 21 21

22 Improved Approach We may not be able to prevent these events, but we can minimize the damage: Provide immediate notification and warning to the populace Provide timely, detailed information to potential victims Provide actionable intelligence immediately to first responders Help responding personnel to act more decisively to minimize casualties our goal is to reduce the time the shooter has to act and increase the ability of potential victims to react appropriately as events develop

23 Potential Benefits Victims: Immediate notification of a shooting event (audible alarm) Information on the shooters location (wing, floor, room) Allows victims to plan: Run, Hide(fortify), or Fight Responders Immediate notification of a shooting event Information on the number of shots, last known position (last shots fired), direction of the shooter Security and Safety System Mass Notification in effect Move cameras to track shooter (if available) Operate access control system to impede shooter movement in the building (if applicable) The Result: Less time for a shooter to act Fewer victims for the shooter to target More effective timely response 23 23

24 Video GDS Gunshot Detection System

25 Public Safety Technology Enhancement Uses a small microphone array to record millisecond-long waveforms (no continuous recording of conversations reduces privacy concerns) Compares these waveforms to ambient noise and known explosive/impulsive sounds A suite of algorithms system is used to identify and characterize gunshots Ideal for integration with other security and life safety systems cameras, access control, fire alarms, speakers/inter-coms or other mass notification systems 25 25

26 Gunshot Applications GDS is an explosive / impulsive sound system capable of identifying everything from a.22 caliber to RPG and mortar. GDS is unique to other commercial market applications due to its speed, accuracy, ability to command and control other devices upon alert such as cameras, access control, turrets, etc GDS detects subsonic as well as supersonic, detects short range in distances less than 150, has 600 radius for urban settings, 800 meters open areas, detects 360 degrees, and the microphones can be placed in various configurations including embedded in walls for indoor use or such as the four corners of vehicles. Safety Dynamics SENTRI gunshot recognition with video surveillance 26 26

27 Smart Fence Sensors Gunshot, Anomaly and Breach Detection and Localization 27 27

28 GDS Goals Provide immediate actionable intelligence and situational awareness Reduce response time to: Decrease the number of victims Control expansion of the event Reduce the dependency on witness phone calls Provide near immediate intelligence regarding GDS events Know when gunshots have occurred Where the gunshots have occurred 28 28

29 Command Centers GDS Integrated in Geospatial GUIs 29 29

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31 GDS Goals (continued ) The goals for securing a Gunshot Detection System include: Improving situational awareness to determine The magnitude of the situation Number of shooters Direction of shots fired 31 31

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34 Technology Can Help Gunshot technologies that can: Monitor patterns Measure changes in patterns Learn real time Be trained Can be applied to not only shots fired activity, but other types of breaches and commercial applications

35 Smart Field Device Advantages Trainability: The system can be adapted to recognize potentially any arbitrary sound. Noise Robustness: The system is proven to have a noise robustness that exceeds competing commercially available systems. Context-Dependent Recognition: The system can be trained to recognize target sounds in multiple background environments (e.g., speech in white noise; speech in multiplespeaker conversational background). False Positive Minimization: The system can be trained to recognize a specific target sound of interest and not to recognize a specific potential false positive

36 Smart Field Device Advantages Speed: Gunshot detection, alert and command and control occurs in <4/10ths of a second. Accuracy: GDS can show here the gunshot occurred within ±1. Common Industry Standards: GDS works with existing infrastructure. Data is transported via Ethernet communication, can be wired or wireless. The User software is Windows based

37 GDS Technology Applications Examples: Fence breaches Ground and air breaches Anomaly events Leak detection Mechanical malfunctions 37 37

38 Thank You! Sally Fernandez, President, Safety Dynamics, Inc. (520) , Charles Butler, MPA, CPP, President / CEO, The Security Oracle, Inc. (352) , cb@thesecurityoracle.com Darnell Washington, CISSP, President / CEO, SecureXperts, Inc. (404) , dwashington@securexperts.com Lloyd P. Uliana, BA, PSS, Business Development Engineer, Bosch Security Systems, Inc. (604) , lloyd.uliana@ca.bosch.com 38