Well, you have figured out the world's best offshore pipeline leak detection system. Now, how are you going to install it?

Transcription

1 Well, you have figured out the world's best offshore pipeline leak detection system. Now, how are you going to install it? Subsea Leak Detection Symposium November 18-19, 2014 Speaker: John G Bomba, PE Authors: John G Bomba Dick McAdams Tasneem Abbasi Wendy Arias

2 Outline 1. Leak detection requirements 2. Leak detection technologies 3. Approaches for simultaneous installation from pipe-lay vessel 4. Approaches for fiber optic leak detection systems installation 5. Lessons learned from past subsea monitoring systems installations 2

3 Leak detection requirements In order to have the correct response, within the shortest time possible, the leak detection system should: Identify a leak quickly and send an ALARM Provide accurate size leak and location estimates No false alarms (Ideally) To maintain this performance standard, close cooperation is necessary for pipeline operators, EPCI contractors and leak detection system vendors to work together to ensure that: 3 field instruments are working correctly and well integrated. SCADA and telecommunication system are up and integrated into the asset. The system is optimized for current conditions, sensing validated and well integrated with the deployment process. Alarms and anomalies are addressed timely. Operators have confidence in the leak detection system at all times.

4 Leak detection technologies Leak Detection Technologies Externally Based Internally Based Vapour Sensing Tube Liquid Sensing Cable Vapour Sensor Acoustic Sensor Infrared Camera Fiber Optic Cable Volume Balance Real Time Transient Model (RTTM) Negative Pressure Wave (acoustic) Rate of pressure/flow change Statistical Analysis 4 Figure 1: Leak Detection Technologies [1]

5 Leak detection technologies Table 1: Performance and application of Leak Detection Technologies [1] 5

6 Approaches for simultaneous installation from pipe-lay vessel S-Lay J-Lay Reel-Lay 6

7 Approaches for simultaneous installation from pipe-lay vessel S-lay S-lay can lay concrete coated pipe. S-lay can lay in very shallow water. LAY DIRECTION Can lay large diameter pipelines, up to 60 in. outside diameter. STINGER TAIL DEPTH SECTION STINGER WATER DEPTH PIPELINE TOUCH DOWN POINT PIPELINE STRAIN IN SAGBEND PIPELINE GAIN 7 Figure 2: S-Lay Technique

8 Approaches for simultaneous installation from pipe-lay vessel S-Lay Vessels Solitaire Stinger above water Solitaire has achieved pipelay speeds in excess of 9 km/day. Multiple work stations can be accommodated on the main firing line. Figure 3: Solitaire Vessel [2] G1200 Stinger above water The Global 1200 is a rigid pipe S-lay and heavy lift DP2 construction vessel designed for work in both deep and shallow water. 8 Figure 4: G-1200 Vessel [3]

9 Approaches for simultaneous installation from pipe-lay vessel Figure 5: Solitaire Stinger Figure 6: G-1200 Stinger [3] 9

10 Approaches for simultaneous installation from pipe-lay vessel 10 Figure 7: G1200 Main Deck [3]

11 Approaches for simultaneous installation from pipe-lay vessel J-lay J-lay is very suitable for installing pipelines in deepwater. Since the pipe only bends once during installation, J- lay can lay pipelines with high fatigue risk. J-Lay offers lower dynamic pipe stresses compared to S-Lay method. The working space is confined on these vessels so productivity is lower. GAIN Figure 8: J-Lay Technique 11

12 Approaches for simultaneous installation from pipe-lay vessel J-Lay Vessels Deep Blue Deep Blue vessel is able to combine the installation of all types of flexible and rigid risers, flowlines and umbilicals. Figure 9: Deep Blue Vessel [3] Saipem 7000 Semi-submersible crane vessel capable of pipe laying in water depths greater than 2000 m. with good station keeping in difficult weather conditions. 12 Figure 10: Saipem 7000 [4] MTS Leak Detect ion Symposium

13 Approaches for simultaneous installation from pipe-lay vessel Figure 11: Deep Blue J-Lay Installation [3] Figure 12: Hang off table and head clamp on a J-Lay Vessel [5] 13

14 Approaches for simultaneous installation from pipe-lay vessel Two stalks ready for welding J-Lay Pipe in Pipe, weld end preparation 14 Figure 13: Deep Blue J-Lay Installation [3]

15 Approaches for simultaneous installation from pipe-lay vessel Reel-Lay Reel-Lay is usually used to install short pipes in shallow water. Reel lay method suitable for pipe with small diameters ( 18 OD). For pipe in pipe, strain and stress at the bulkhead are critical since plastic strain can be created when reeling and unreeling the pipe. Water Depth Figure 14: Reel-Lay Technique 15

16 Approaches for simultaneous installation from pipe-lay vessel Reel-Lay Vessels Deep Energy Deep Energy is a DP class 3 vessel primary designed to handle subsea installation of reeled rigid pipe of up to 18 in. outer diameter. Figure 15: Deep Energy [4] Seven Oceans Seven Oceans is used to install rigid and flexible pipelines in water depths of up to 3000 m. Figure 16: Seven Oceans [6] 16

17 Reeling History---The P.L.U.T.O. Pipelines, June 1944 The HAIS Cable Pipe, 3 ID The Conundrum Reel Used to Install the 3 Steel Pipelines Source: Wikipedia 17

18 Reeling History---The P.L.U.T.O. Pipelines, June 1944 OOPS!! It wasn t Perfect. The tow cable apparently separated during tow. Two men on top of reel, boy in foreground, gives one a feeling of the size of the reel! 18 Source: Wikipedia

19 Approaches for simultaneous installation from pipe-lay vessel Table 2: Installation Methods S-Lay J-Lay Reel Lay Water Depth Shallow to Deep Deep Medium & Deep O.D. 4 to 60 Large Diameters Small Diameters ( 18 ) Speed Typically 1 to 4 miles a day Slower than S-Lay Very fast (up to 500 m/hr) Pipeline Coatings All types of coatings Corrosion/insulation coated pipes Corrosion/insulation coated pipelines. No concrete coatings Length Short & Long lengths Short & Long lengths Short length FO Installation Preferred for larger ODs Will be difficult Suitable for smaller ODs 19

20 Approaches for fiber optic leak detection systems installation Pipeline and FO Cable Abandonment and Recovery At line up station At stern 20 Abandonment head and A&R cable Figure 17: S-Lay (G-1200) [3]

21 Approaches for fiber optic leak detection systems installation Pipeline and FO Cable Abandonment and Recovery 21 Figure 18: Reel- Lay (Apache II) [3] Technip Norway has installed a number of simultaneous pipeline with heating and fiber optic cable installations in the North Sea.

22 Lessons Learned (LL) Past Subsea Monitoring Projects Leveraging past LL for implementing successful Integrity Monitoring or Leak Detection Projects: Contracting Past Projects contracted as a complete package, allowing limited owner influence on e.g. configuration and qualification testing Monitoring Vendors are not focused (or wellincentivized to consider) long term reliability 22

23 Lessons Learned (LL) Past Subsea Monitoring Projects Reliability Reliability requirements are generally not provided to vendors Vendors typically have weak quality systems Monitoring systems have many 1-off components and configurations 23

24 Lessons Learned (LL) Past Subsea Monitoring Projects Deployment Poor integration with installation team. No contingencies for installation related damage Poor hardening or marinization for the operating environment Poor sensing and system integration Inadequate management plan for measurement uncertainties 24

25 Lessons Learned (LL) Past Subsea Monitoring Projects Accessibility and utilization of data Past monitoring systems not well integrated with IM Strategy & Planning Lack of comprehensive barrier analysis Lack of monitoring system health management Poor Data Analysis & Utilization. Data not made available in a useful way, underutilized or lost 25

26 References 1. Zhang. J., Hoffman. A., Murphy. K., Lewis. J., Twomey. M., Review of Pipeline Leak Detection Technologies. PSIG Annual Meeting, April 16-19, 2013, Prague, Czech Republic. 2. Allseas, Solitaire Vessel. < 3. Technip Vessels. < or internal Technip stock photos 4. Cavicchi. M, Saipem S.p.A., Ardavanis. K., SaiBOS. J-Lay Installations Lessons Learned. Offshore Technology Conference, May 5-8, 2003, Houston, Texas. 5. Salome. P., Karjadi. E., Kleijne. E., Heerema Marine Contractors. Development of New Generation Collar for J-Lay Heavy Pipeline Installation. Offshore Technology Conference, May 2-5, 2011, Houston, Texas. 6. Mair. J., Electrically Trace Heated Pipe-in-Pipe under Way. Deep7, May