Bridging the Infrastructure Protection & Safety Challenges of High Rise Structures. Kolkata 22 nd November 2011

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2 Bridging the Infrastructure Protection & Safety Challenges of High Rise Structures Kolkata 22 nd November 2011

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4 Infrastructure Protection & Safety [IPS]: The new world imperative Random Threat Emergence: The impact of urbanization and development. Physical assets like iconic buildings, industrial hubs, power plants, large infrastructure facilities. There is a need to provide security, safety and comfort in these spaces. Threats once restricted to a nation s borders can now make an impact close to our work and living spaces. Besides these, random acts of negligence have a disproportionate impact in lives, property and reputation lost. Asset Concentration: Technologies in Conversation: Technology has had a disproportionate impact over every area of our lives. All our proximate technologies are in conversation with each other. Mobile and computer technologies are interfacing with access control, biometric controls, surveillance and fire controls

5 Cities within cities Understanding the world s leading high rise structures

6 $30-$40 Tr -world population -8 billion in will end up in cities, and in cities in Asia cities in emerging markets with population in excess of 500,000-by 2030 $13.8 By 2030, the number of emerging market urbandwellers will increase by another 1.3 billion infra investment in these cities is forecast at $30 trillion to $40 trillion -next 20 years. equivalent of 60 to 70% of global investment in infra. Emerging markets -require an estimated $13.8 trillion in housing investment by 2030 Source: Boston consulting Group

7 Impact of Explosive Urban Growth -Pressure on availability and Usage of Urban land -Vertical Growth: Super tall buildings will be imperative for economic, social and environmental Sustainability

8 GROWTH TIMELINE OF HIGH RISE STRUCTURES

9 EMPIRE STATE BUILDING Height: 1,454 feet or meters to top of lightning rod. 102 floors Area: floor area of 2,768,591 sqft (257,211 m 2 ) Space Usage: building houses 1,000 businesses subsequently has its own zip code, Occupancy :As of 2007, approximately 21,000 employees work in the building each day, making the Empire State Building the second-largest single office complex in America, after the Pentagon This New York landmark when opened in 1931 was the worlds tallest building. It has 6,500 windows and 73 elevators. Thebuilding has 70mi (113km) of pipe, 2,500,000 ft (760,000 m) of electrical wire, [26] and about 9,000 faucets

10 TAIPEI 101 Area:site with a total of 30,278 square metres. Height: 508 meters (1,667 feet) 101 floors+ 5 floors underground Occupant Load:10,000 people will work in the tower each working day. Usage:Taipei Tower has 198,347 m2 (2,336,000 sq. ft.) of office space, 77,033 m2 (796,000 sq. ft.) of retail space, 83,000 m2 (893,000 sq. ft.) of parking space for more than 1,800 vehicles. MRTS:There is a station for the Taipei Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) beneath the building Taiwan stock exchange

11 WILLIS TOWER-Sears Tower Height: 108 Floors, 1451-foot (442 m) Floor space: floor area of 418,064 m² equivalent to 16 Chicago city blocks. Sits on a three acre space in downtown Chicago Space usage: Offering more than 3.8 million square feet of office and retail -with more than 100 different companies doing business there, including major law firms, insurance companies and financial services firms. Transport within the building is provided by the 100+ elevator system About 253,000 people enter Willis Tower each month. Sears Tower Skydeck on the 103rd floor attracts more than 1.3 million visitors per year.

12 PETRONAS TOWERS Height: 1483 ft (452 meters) Area: 560,000 square metres Usage: Tower 1- occupied by Petronas and its subsidiaries and associate companies Office Space: Tower Two- includes big giants like Huawei Technologies, Accenture, AVEVA, Al Jazeera English, Carigali Hess Bloomberg, Boeing, IBM, Khazanah Nasional Berhad, McKinsey & Co, TCS, HCL Technologies, Krawler, Microsoft, The Agency (a modeling company) and Reuters. Retail:Suria KLCC is a 1,500,000 sqft (139,000 m 2 ) up market retail podium at the feet of the Petronas Towers. It features mostly foreign luxury goods and high-street labels. Its attractions include an art gallery, a philharmonic theater, an underwater aquarium and also a Science centre

13 SHANGHAI TOWERS Height: approximately 632 metres (2,073ft), has 128 floors, the second tallest in the world, surpassed only by theburj Khalifa in Dubai. Area : of 380,000 m 2 (4,090,000 sq.ft.) Usage: Office, hotel, retail, entertainment, observation Twisted feature provides for wind resistance and rain water harvestlargest in the world on a super tall building

14 FUTURE OF TALL BUILDINGS- SUPER TALL BUILDINGS The Mile tower to be developed at Jeddah, KSA will rise to a iconic 1.6 km in the air, dwarfing the iconic Burj Khalifa of the UAE

15 Emerging High Rise environment in the Indian context

16 India s urban awakening: Building inclusive cities, Sustaining economic growth THE RISE OF MEGA CITIES -Estimates suggest that by 2050 the world s urban population will reach 75 per cent -Economy will have to build between 700million and 900million square meters of residential and commercial space a year -Equivalent to adding more than two Mumbai s- ONE CHICAGO EVERY YEAR Source: McKinsey Global Institute

17 5 40% Cities 270 the number by which GDP will have multiplied by 2030 are likely to house 40% of India s population by Million people net increase in working-age population; 70% of which will generate in Cities Million people will live in cities; 5 times USA s population Million households will be Urban Middle class, up from 22 million today Source: McKinsey Global Institute

18 7400 $1.2 Trillion 70% kilometers of metros and subways will need to be constructed 20 times the capacity added in the past decade 68 Cities capital investment is necessary to meet projected demand in India s cities 2.5 Billion of net new employment will be generated in cities will have population of 1million plus, up from 42 today; Europe has 35 today square meters of road will have to be paved every year, 20 times the capacity added in the past decade Source: McKinsey Global Institute

19 INDIA REAL ESTATE MARKET SIZE( IN USD BN) Source: Investment commission of India, ASSOCHAM,CREDAI Source: Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation

20 The Imperial, Mumbai Promoter : S D Corporation Height:249m (817ft) Main contractor : Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Ltd Architect : Hafeez Contractor Year of Completion : 2010 Size of the project :254m height, the 827 ft towers are each 60-storeys high. India s most expensive residential address (it took eight years and cost Rs1,200 crore to build), with flats priced between Rs8.5 crore to Rs90 crore.

21 North Eye, Noida Promoter : Supertech Year of Commencement : 2011 Size of the project :255m height, 186 large flats and 1,140 studio apartments No. of Stories :60 Total Investment : 600 crores Total Housing Units: 1326 It is the tallest Residential Tower in the entire NORTH India.

22 Mantri Celestia, Hyderabad Promoter : Mantri Developers Year of Commencement : 2010 Systems Installed :Fire Hydrant, Sprinkler System, Pump room, Addressable Fire Alarm Size of the project :11.5 acres,24 Floors, 7 Towers Space Usage:7.5 acresfor residential, 3.5 acres for commercial Mantri Developer launches Celestia - homes that touch the sky in premium locality of Gachibowli Hyderabad. Celestia by Mantri is spread over 11.5 Acres of land in Gachibowli, G+23 floors.

23 Bombay Dyeing, Mumbai Promoter : Bombay Dyeing Year of Commencement : 2011 Systems Installed : Fire Hydrant, Sprinkler System, Pump Room, Addressable Fire Alarm, Public Address System Size of the project :25,000 Sq. Ft. No. of Stories : 42 It is a high rise residential tower in Mumbai

24 Lodha Bellezza, Hyderabad Promoter : Lodha Group Year of Commencement : 2010 Systems Installed :Fire Hydrant, Sprinkler System, Pump room, Addressable Fire Alarm and Water Curtaining System for the basement, Public Address System Size of the project: 4 Residential Towers with 33 floors each At the Lodha Bellezza, technology gives new meaning to the luxury living experience. With helipads topping the towers, pool-side pavilions with Wi-Fi and the serene environs of the exclusive Club Bellezza, thus, international lifestyle springs to life -all at the touch of a button.

25 NFPA overview and global learning on Fire Prevention and Safety for high rise buildings

26 MAJOR INCIDENTS

27 Toronto 25 th Sep On Friday a high rise fire Shanghai high rise fire, 15 th Nov 2010 TORONTO:1700 homeless, officials working to find urgent temporary accommodation 53 killed, Over 90 injured. Firefighters battled for several hours to bring the blaze under control

28 Exhausted Fire fighters Usage of same stair cases by Fire fighters & civilians Not reachable at Higher levels Lack of visibility due to smoke

29 The International Building Code (IBC 2000) and the Building Construction and Safety Code, NFPA 5000TM-2002, define high-rise buildings as buildings 75 feet (22.86m)or greater in height measured from the lowest level of fire department vehicle accessto the floor of the highest occupiable story.

30 HIGH RISE EVACUATION TIME STACK EFFECT

31 Achieving a comprehensive safety system involves three major challenges:

32 A special focus on NFPA s role for High rise buildings

33 Contd..

34 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY DESIGN CODES CODE NFPA 101 NFPA 13 NFPA 10 NFPA 14 NFPA 20 NFPA 22 NFPA 24 NFPA 92A NFPA 92B NFPA 70 NFPA 72 BS 5266 BS 5839 BS 5445 DESCRIPTION Life Safety Code Installation of Sprinkler Systems, Wet-pipe systems predominate, supplemented by pre-action systems Portable Fire Extinguishers Installation of Stand Pipe Private Hydrants and Hose Systems Installation of Stationary Pumps 1998 VERSION WATER TANKS Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS SMOKE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS National Electric Code National Fire Alarm Code CRISIS LIGHTING FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEMS AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTION SYSTEMS

35 NEW FOCUS: FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY DESIGN ENHANCEMENTS ENHANCEMENT DESCRIPTION FIRE ELEVATOR AND PROTECTED VESTIBULE Fire rated, pressurized vestibule for each floor served by the fireman elevators AREAS OF REFUGE Fire rated constructed areas to provide protected areas for evacuated occupants REDUNDANT WATER SUPPLY The water supply is provided by a combination of water tanks throughout the building FLOOR SMOKE MANAGEMENT Smoke Management System provided to assist in evacuating smoke from incident floor

36 Burj Dubai Project snapshot

37 BURJ KHALIFA Height:currently the tallest structure ever built, -828m (2,717ft) Floors Location: Dubai, United Arab Emirates Square Footage: Over 4.7Million Sq.ft Occupant Load: - Code: Probable Usage3000+ residential units, 9 world class hotels, 3 hectares of parkland, Corporate suites, Communication and broadcasting at least 19 residential towers, the Dubai Mall,12-hectare (30-acre man-made Burj Khalifa Lake. World's Second highest swimming pool (76th floor), The highest swimming pool is at 108th floor of Ritz-Carlton Hotel at International Commerce Centre, Hong-Kong.

38 BURJ KHALIFA OCCUPANCY FLOORS HOTEL 1-39 RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL OBSERVATORY SKY LOBBIES 43, 76, 112 POOL ANNEX OFFICE ANNEX 3-STORY ANNEX 12-STORY ANNEX Burj Khalifa's water system supplies an average of 946,000 l (250,000 USgal) of water per day through 100km (62mi) of pipes.an additional 213km (132mi) of piping serves the fire emergency system, and 34km (21mi) supplies chilled water for the air conditioning system

39 Overview of emergency command and control in high rise structures

40 SUPER TALL BUILDING CRISIS MANAGEMENT PLAN - I

41 SUPER TALL BUILDING CRISIS MANAGEMENT PLAN - II

42 SUPER TALL BUILDING CRISIS MANAGEMENT PLAN - III CRISIS LEVELS BASED ON SEVERITY AND NATURE SPECIFIC TO RESPONSE TRIGGER POINTS ESCALATION COORDINATION COMMUNICATIONS SPECIFIC RESPONSE STEPS FOR EACH LEVEL

43 SUPER TALL BUILDING CRISIS MANAGEMENT PLAN - IV RESPONSE STRATEGIES VARIOUS EMERGENCIES BASED ON RISKS TO SUPER TALL BUILDING BASED ON RISKS TO AREA TYPES OF CRISIS STRATEGIES BUILDING AFFECTING BUILDING SYSTEMS HUMAN CREATED BY HUMAN ACTIONS TERRORISM ACTS OF TERRORISM WEATHER NATURAL DISASTERS SPECIFIC RESPONSE STRATEGIES BASED ON NATURE AND SEVERITY PROVIDE INITIAL RESPOSNE STEPS

44 SUPER TALL BUILDING CRISIS MANAGEMENT PLAN - V WRITTEN RESPONSE PROCEDURES ROVIDES GUIDANCE PER RESPONSE RESPONSE FORMS & DOCUMENTS SED FOR DOCUMENTING RESPONSES INKED TO RESPONSE WORKSHEETS ESIGNED TO PROVIDE BACK-UP SUPPORT SED AS PART OF TRAINING PROGRAM NTERACTIVE FOR USE ELECTRONICALLY ITAL TO UNDERSTANDING ISSUES/ CONCERNS AN BE PRINTED AND DISTRIBUTED ONTINUALLY REVIEWED/UPDATED ILED FOR REVIEW AND TRAINING

45 SUPER TALL BUILDING CRISIS MANAGEMENT PLAN - VI INTERACTIVE MANAGEMENT PORTAL DESIGNED TO PROVIDE EASY ACCESS PROCEDURES FORMS FLOOR PLANS TEAM INFORMATION DESIGNED FOR ACCESSIBILITY PLACED ON NETWORK PLACED ON INDIVIDUAL COMPUTERS PLACED AT CRISIS COMMAND

46 SUPER TALL BUILDING CRISIS MANAGEMENT PLAN - VII EMP TRAINING CLASSROOM STANDARD GENERAL INFORMATION GOOD TYPE OF TRAINING SCENARIOS REAL-LIFE SCENARIO, CONTROLLED BETTER TYPE OF TRAINING LIVE DRILLS LIVE TEST OF CAPABILITIES BEST TYPE OF TRAINING

47 SUPER TALL BUILDING CRISIS MANAGEMENT PLAN ( CMP IMPROVEMENT PROCESS REVIEW PROCEDURES REVIEW RESPONSE STEPS REVIEW COMMUNICATIONS REVIEW AUTHORITIES INTERACTION REVIEW OCCUPANT MANAGEMENT

48 Comparative analysis of Fire solutions in the worlds showcase high rise complexes

49 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY DESIGN COMPARISONS Building Feature Burj Khalifa Jin Mao Refuge Areas Levels 42, 75, 111 and 138 Levels 15, 30, 58 to 85 (hotel levels) and Penthouse Level 2 Petronas Towers John Hancock Center Willis Tower Levels Level 44 None Provided Fire Resistance Columns: 3 hr Floors: 2 hr Columns: 3 hr Floors: 2 hr Columns: 3 hr Floors: 2 hr Columns: 3 hr Floors: 1½ hr Columns: 3 hr Floors: 3 hr Fire Compartment Size Smoke Compartment Size Quick Response Sprinklers 1 per floor 2,000 m²in office and parking areas 1 per floor 1 per floor 2,000 m²in office areas 2,000 m²in office areas 1 per floor 1 per floor 1 per floor 1 per floor Yes No No No No

50 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY DESIGN COMPARISONS Building Feature Burj Khalifa Jin Mao Petronas Towers John Hancock Center Willis Tower Primary Fire Water Supply Basement tank with secondary Tanks Distributed Vertically Throughout tower with pumps. Basement Tank connected to domestic water tank. Two Secondary water tanks on Levels 51 and Penthouse with pumps. Basement tanks connected to domestic water mains with fire pumps Dual source domestic water mains Dual source domestic water mains with water tanks and fire pumps distributed vertically in building. Fire Water Supply Duration 2 hours internal, 4 hours total Unknown 1 hour for sprinklers ½ hour Unknown Fireman s Elevator 2 up to level for level 112 through provided 2 provided 1 provided 1 provided

51 CONCLUSIONS SUPER TALL BUILDINGS WILL BE A WAY OF LIFE AND REQUIRE EXTENSIVE PLANNING IN FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT PLANNING SUPER TALL BUILDINGS CRISIS MANAGEMENT PLANNING PHILOSOHY SHOULD BE DEVELOPED IN DESIGN OF BUILDING REQUIRES COORDINATED MANAGEMENT APPROACH ELEVATOR-ASSISTED EVACUATION A CHANGING APPROACH TO THE USE OF LIFTS IN EVACUATION BEING DEVELOPED AND IMPLEMENTED INTO BUILDING CODES BECOMING AN UNDERSTOOD ELEMENT OF EGRESS PLANNING FOR SUPER TALL BUILDINGS

52 StaySafe