Detector Deployment at ALS

Transcription

1 Detector Deployment at ALS Dionisio Doering on behalf of the ALS/LBNL detector group BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 1

2 Goals and Outline Goals Discuss the detector system design and development User driven effort Sensor and readout IC co-design Electronics, mechanics and cooling support systems Present the steps needed to go from a prototype to a detector on a beam-line Based on the FastCCD developed at LBNL The challenges along the way The challenges in supporting a complex, non-commercial detector at multiple light sources Outline Project initial concept Sensor need System design Readout electronics The fast CCD (FCCD) The compact FCCD (cfccd) The 1k Frame Store CCD (1kFSCCD) Conclusions BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 2

3 What detector development would cause the biggest improvement at the ALS? The ubiquitous detector (2003) The initial solution Improve this detector by making it faster -faster readout (factor 100) -faster phosphor 1. X-ray photoconverts in phosphor 2. Photoelectron ionizes scintillation photons 3. Some distortion in fiber taper 4. Photons photoconvert in CCD 5. Collect the photoelectrons 6. Signal is digitized 7. Picture shows in the user s monitor Original specs for X-ray detector: 100 frames / s 15 bit dynamic range 8 bit resolution sparse scan BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 3

4 Thick, Fully Depleted LBNL CCD MSL & DALSA collaboration At VSUB = 115 V, σd = 3.7 ± 0.2 μm S. Holland SNAP- Super Nova Acceleration Probe See P. Denes talk (yesterday) and C. Tindal talk (today 1:30pm) BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 4

5 (almost) Column Parallel CCD LDRD effort Co-develop readout chip for (a)cpccd 20 x 480 as a test vehicle (before readout IC exists) Does the taper, metal strapping, work? 480 x 480 as prototype Constant area taper Mini-shift reg. ~300 µm pitch bond pads (wire-bondable) Output stage 4 port CCD 96 port CCD FCCD Metal strapping BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 5

6 Analog (DC) voltages Initial Tests at Low Speed with 4-port 20 x 480 CCD Clocks Prototype tests Verified (a)cpccd structures Verified metal strapping Verified front an d back illumination operation CCD Interface board BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 6

7 ADC Channel (Average) 1 st Beam Test on P. Denes 20x480 CCD with slow readout system Validates (a)cp-ccd structure (taper) validates metal strapping excellent dark performance at low temperature: 5 e - /pixel/hour x-ray Energy (kev) BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 7

8 SNAP->FCRIC Readout CRIC 1 Floating-point FE CRIC 2 Pipelined ADC CRIC 3 Digital Calibration / Control Fast CCD readout 16 channels per chip 0.25mm CMOS ADC pitch < 300 µm 10 x speed of CRIC Pre-amp., floating point readout, pipelined ADC and digital calibration & control Version 1 Works well but presents small non-linearity and higher than expected PSRR Version 2 improves non linearity and PSRR FCRIC 16 channels, 1MHz 2006 BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 8

9 Resolution FCRIC - Floating Point Readout Floating point readout Covers large dynamic range Quantization error is always smaller than photo statistics Enables Use of13 bit ADC (easier to make) 1.0E E E E E E E E E E E bit dynamic range Incident Photons BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 9

10 FCRIC preamp, integrator, CDS Voltage integrator Output = ± V R dt Optimal noise filtering Switched cap preserves charge V S dt Preamp Multi-gain CDS integrator 16 channels Gain 8, 2, bit ADC Covers 15-bit dynamic range Quantization error always < photostatistics CDS correlated double sampling Pipelined ADC BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 10

11 X-ray camera system block diagram readout (96 port) cooling Sensor (a)cpccd sensor control sig. support mechanics In vacuum front end system Timing& control unit clock & bias drivers Power supply Back-end electronics software data storage User interface BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 11

12 Camera head planar version Requirement for the camera head Work in vacuum, HV to UHV (ALS is a Soft X-ray facility) Cool sensor and readout chips to -50C (reduce leakage current & thermal noise) Silicon wafer used as mechanical support Good thermal conductor Good CTE match to the detector (also silicon) Version 1 Wire-bond job was very difficult presented crosstalk Version 2 System was improved Wire-bonding 100% successful no observable crosstalk Camera ready to be used. BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 12

13 FCCD Readout ANL/LBNL partnership FCCD Block Diagram Front End Electronics LBNL FCCD CCD 480 x columns per analog out ½ row per output Analog Outputs : FRIC 1 : FRIC 6 Each FRIC has 1 SPI-Like I/O bus and 4 LVDS output streams Data Data Data Data SPI - Like FRIC 2&3 Data Data Data Data SPI - Like FRIC 4&5 Back End Electronics DAS Electronics Interface Data Module 1 Module Interface to 3 FRICs Camera Link 1 Data Module 2 Camera Interface to Link 2 3 FRICs Power Supplies 2008 Clock Module 1 Interlock? Clock Module 2 Temperature Controller 2 BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 13

14 Image server ANL/LBNL partnership (cont d) Major software development Integrated with the FCCD Sensor characterization Visible light characterization X-ray lab characterization APS FCCD kart APS BL 8ID BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 14

15 FCCD at detector development BL sample Primary beam Sample holder FCCD FCCD sensor 200μm thick ISDP back process Calibrate with fluorescence photons. Detects photons with energy > 10 kev but ε < 1. BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 15

16 Soldering... an example X-ray CCD camera KB optics MAR133 sample scan Sample on x-y stage Monochromatic or white light FCCD single shot 2.7 min. with FastCCD (at 20 Hz - disk write limited for this test) 6.2 hrs. with MAR133 Tin melting ~232 C Sudden grain rotation and splitting before melt? BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 16

17 Fast Energy-resolved Laue Diffraction FastCCD at high readout rate single photon counting (spectroscopy) Fast alternative to monochromator energy scan Promising - larger detector area needed Potassium Titanyl Phosphate KTiOPO4 (or KTP) BES Detector Workshop 17 August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 17

18 Ptychography 03/2009 Draft aperture Zone plate CCD 10 nm should be possible in near future 08/2009 Deploy 08/2009 Measure Energy: = 750 ev Focus= = 300 nm Flux (phot/s) = Oversampling = x 9.6 max resolution = 9 nm Improvements needed: Compact, movable camera BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 18

19 FCCD next experiment: Resonant X-ray Scattering How to study the dynamics of CO/OO phase? Pump (laser) probe (X-ray) RXS? Colossalness comes from competition between different ground states. Need to study the static/dynamic orderings cfccd for LCLS Hutch 2 (delivery goal early 2010) 120 fps Time resolution on event by event (DT from laser to x-ray varies from pulse to pulse) BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 19

20 Need for compact, movable detector 1. Need compact FCCD (cfccd) 2. Detector and sample are movable 3. Two Rotations: 360 o in the horizontal plane. 100 o in the vertical plane. Folding New cooling Long cables BL8 Hutch 2 BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 20

21 Compact Fast CCD (cfccd) Prototype (front-illuminated) BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 21

22 cfccd at beam line 8 at ALS Data taken at 854 ev, Ni L-edge. BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 22

23 LCLS Hutch 2 SXR July st SXR run July / August Used by all 3 groups Example data from Steve Johnson steve.johnson@psi.ch Paul Beaud paul.beaud@psi.ch cfccd is in operation! BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 23

24 The cfccd use At LCLS 2010 (21 shifts) Wei-Sheng Lee (800nm pump, La2-xSrxNiO4, Nature communication published), (5 shifts) Steve Johnson (800nm pump, CuO, PRL published), (5 shifts) Hermann Duerr (800nm pump, magnetite, in preparation), (last few hours) Wei-Sheng Lee (IR pump, La2-xSrxNiO4, unpublished), (5 shifts) Andrea Cavelleri (800nm, IR La2-xSrxMnO4, PRB published), (5 shifts) 2011 (14 shifts) A. Cavalleri (IR/800nm pump, La2-xBaxCuO4, unpublished), (4 shifts) S.Y. Zhou (IR/800nm pump, Pr1-xCaxMnO3, unpublished), (4 shifts) J. Turner (800nm pump, Nd2-xSrxMnO4, unpublished), (2 shifts) R. Tobey (800nm pump, ErMn2O5, unpublished), (4 shifts) 2012 (5 shifts) U. Staub (THz, TbMnO3), (5 shifts) At ALS 2010 (21 shifts) Jan ~ Jun: 21 shifts 2011 (100 shifts) Jan ~ Jun: 45 shifts Jul ~ Dec: 55 shifts 2012 (126 shifts) Jan ~ Jun: 53 shifts Jul ~ Dec: 73 shifts Expected future usage LCLS 15+ shifts/year ALS 100+ shifts/year Challenges include: Transportation (Broke camera #1) Software integration (several months!) Support during runs (several nights!!!) Improvements needed Larger active area In vacuum clock drivers BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 24

25 (Un-fulfilled) Detector Needs at the ALS Consensus: fast, 2D detectors moderate size/number of pixels in most cases Majority soft x-ray some hard x-ray some low energy electrons 8 systems 2009 workshop: 1k Frame Store diffraction option ATCA-based DAQ Delivered in 2 yrs. BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 25

26 Needs Addressed with 1kFSCCDs STXM Scanning μdiffraction μxrf,μxrd,μxas Ptychography Photon in / photon out Photoemission (phosphor) High Pressure Melting XPCS Tomography BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 26

27 (New) R&D CCD 1k Frame Store 1kFSCCD 30 x 30 mm pixel 1920x960 pixels (8 times the area of cfccd) Thick mm 200fps Data volume ~ 400MB/s (HD 250GB -> ~10 min) FY09 LDRD Wafer First wafers received in 9/2010 BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 27

28 1k Frame Store CCD camera head 3 x 1kFSCCD Diffraction CCD Top board Bias board Digitizer board Frame store mask Temperature sensors Vacuum chamber 1kFSCCD camera head sensor board clock & bias board digitizer boards BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 28

29 16 channel buffer chip Parasitic capacitance leads to a long CCD output rise time Buffer chip 0.35 mm high voltage CMOS Provide bias for the detector Recover gain V reset Input: 2.1ns Output: 3.7ns V out V sclk V sw CCD output rise time : 400 ns Out(mV pp ) = (1.02±0.75) + (0.963±0.004) Input (mv pp ) BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 29

30 New ATCA based system ATCA Chassis Network Connections Camera Head Camera Interface Node Data Capture Module Timing Module Digital PSU Fabric Switch Hub RAID Array Node Processor Node GUI Interface Module Sys. Config. Module Shelf Manager User Client 10 GbE Network 1 GbE Network Custom Interface Custom BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 30

31 New ATCA based system ATCA crate Camera Interface Node (CIN) Image processing Dark image subtraction, Gain correction Zero suppression, Digital integration, Binning Camera head communication Copper cables Being replaced by fiber optics module Fiber optics module BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 31

32 Software QT framework Multi platform Open source Camera control software Control camera System development Save data to disk Beyond this software Post processing BL specific x,y,z, stages interlock Scripts Communication protocol UDP Easy to interface Efficient for large data transfers BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 32

33 Immersion chiller Cooling for 1kFSCCD < -50C cooling system for the top board < +20C cooling system for the clock and bias board 75W cooling capacity at -55C Prototype cooling system (Peltier based) Final cooling system (immersion chiller) 1kFSCCD camera head BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 33

34 1kFSCCD being used at ALS ALS at beam line Sensor tests & calibration ALS at beam line Imaging techniques development (coded aperture) 1kFS CCD chiller ATCA system Power supply new systems are in production and will be delivered to ALS (8x), APS (2x) and (1x) EXFEL A few more will be produced to other places, contracts under negotiation. BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 34

35 Conclusion ALS detector group support pillars Just starting a detector group Effort to develop and support complex detectors is underestimated Future cameras will not be easier Faster detectors More readout channels More power More data More integration More intelligence in or near the sensor National Center for Electron Microscopy External collaboration (ANL/APS) Detector group at ALS Physics Division Engineering Division Mechanical Eng. Group IC Design Group Electronic Systems Group Semiconductor Detector Group BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 35

36 Thanks! BES Detector Workshop August 1-3, Detector deployment at ALS 36