Expected to last forever Rarely actually used But must be effective when required. Needs a rigorous procurement,

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Chastity George
5 years ago
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1 Foam Expected to last forever Rarely actually used But must be effective when required Needs a rigorous procurement, assurance and testing ti regime!! LASTFIRE

2 Yet often no detailed PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION prepared when purchases made!

3 Foam The most important tool for controlling large storage tank fires!

4 Previous Industry Situation No definitive test for tank fire foams Need identified in LASTFIRE

5 Why Fire Test? Demonstrate ability of foam to extinguish a fire Batch acceptance Routine quality checks Typically 3 - Yearly Whenever foam concentrate properties suggest problem Guarantee contract conditions met

6 Foam Fire Test For Storage Tank Fires LASTFIRE

7 LASTFIRE Test characteristics Nozzles giving i foam characteristics ti as typical application equipment Critical application rates (~50% Design rates) Baffles giving restricted foam flow / hot spots 3min preburn (as opposed to 1min for most tests) 0.5m freeboard above fuel to allow heat build up Seal ( torch tests) to check vapour sealing Burnback test Adaptable to other fuels Analysis criteria recognising practical requirements

8 LASTFIRE Test characteristics A stringent critical test directly relevant to the application!

9 Aspirating & Semi-Aspirating Nozzles

10 Simulate plunging application

11 Monitor Nozzles

12 System Nozzle Relatively gentle application

13 Simulates gentle application by fixed foam pourers

14 Large freeboard 2.44m Diameter Fire Test Pan

15 Hot Spot Obstacle to foam flow

16 Test Sequence Preburn 0 3 Extinguishment Torch Pass 1 Vapour Seal 23 - Torch Pass 2 Burnback 25 - Burnback Pot 26) 30 - END

17 Collecting a random sample

18 Making Premix

19 Adding fuel

20 3 minute Preburn Heat transfer to tank shell

21 Foam application

22 Particularly at baffles! Seal Tests

23 Burnback Tests

24 Foam Quality Tests Sample collection Collection pan (To NFPA 11 standard) Expansion & Drainage Time Measurement

25 Test order Semi aspirated nozzle Aspirated nozzle System nozzle

26 Evaluation Criteria 5 15 Fire Control Burnback Resistance 7.5 Vapour Suppression (torch test 2) Vapour Suppression (torch test 1) Extinguishment 65 End user relative importance of LASTFIRE Test fire performance criteria End user relative importance of LASTFIRE Test fire performance criteria (Developed from poll of end users)

27 Some test observations Fuel surface exposure Note exposure after extinguishment

28 Some test observations Ghosting

29 Some test observations Flashback

30 Some test observations Flashback

31 Physical Property Tests Foam concentrate Specific Gravity ph Viscosity Refractive Index Refractive Index Foam solution Interfacial tension Surface Tension

32 Retained samples

33 Using The LASTFIRE Test as of procurement process

34 Has been used by to evaluate and approve new foams as well more traditional foams

35 Has been used to evaluate and approve new foams as well more traditional foams BP BTC Jordan Petroleum Petroplus Saudi Aramco Tupras

36 LASTFIRE Large Atmospheric Storage Tank Fires

37 LASTFIRE An industry consortium of international oil companies reviewing i risks associated with storage tank fires

38 Boilover tests

39 Basic Analysis Time to boilover Effect of water/fuel quantity Fire spread Tank wall temperatures Effect of crude composition Refined products / Biofuels Model validation Foam application vs time

40 Other Projects Foam/Ethanol Test development Vapour suppression efficiency Internal Floating Roof tank issues Product ignition by foam

Aylesbury, Bucks HP20 2HU, UK T: +44 (0) 1296 399311 F: +44

41 More Information about LASTFIRE Deliverables from: Resource Protection International Walker House, George Street, Aylesbury, Bucks HP20 2HU, UK T: +44 (0) F: +44 (0) website:

Ethanol Tank Fire Fighting

Ethanol Tank Fire Fighting Goal of ETANKFIRE project Ensure proper investments in fire protection of ethanol storage plants Determine the large scale fire behaviour of ethanol fuels Provide input to computer