Eco-friendly methods of pest management
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1 Eco-friendly methods of pest management
2 Fall ploughing (H.armigera, RHHC, Root grub, Cutworms) Tilling of soils near bunds(grasshoppers) Rakingup and hoeing of soil(decreases fruitfly in melon and mango) Light earthingup in sugarcane(decreases shoot borer) Removal of weed that act as carryover hosts
3 SUMMER PLOUGHING Exposes the pupae to sun and birds Cattle egrets
4 Fall ploughing (H.armigera, RHHC, Root grub, Cutworms) Tilling of soils near bunds(grasshoppers) Rakingup and hoeing of soil(decreases fruitfly in melon and mango) Light earthingup in sugarcane(decreases shoot borer) Removal of weed that act as carryover hosts
5 Removal of weeds : Helicoverpa Most common alternate host (Legasca mollis)
6 Alterations / Changes in cultivation Practices Habitat mgt. Vegetative trap Tillage Crop rotation Inter cropping Trap cropping Plant nutrition Border cropping Water mgt. Banker cropping Sanitation Eco-feast / scarifice Closed season cropping Push-Pull poly cropping Mulching
7 a) Trap cropping b) Intercropping c) Barrier crops d) Mulches e) Push-Pull Polycropping
8 a) Trap Cropping A trap crop is a plant that attracts agricultural pests away from nearby crops. Saves the main crop from destruction by pests without the use of pesticides. Involves planting small areas of a crop or other species near the protected crop.
9 Host crop Trap Crop Target Pest Cabbage or Cauliflower Groundnut Tomato Sesamum or mustard Diamond back moth Castor or Sunflower Spodoptera Litura Marigold or Cucumber Helicoverpa armigera, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus Field beans Chrysanthemum Liriomyza trifolii Rice and potato Marigold Nematodes Maize Sorghum Corn stalk borer Cowpea Sesamum Bihar hairy caterpillar Cotton Bhendi Sucking Pests and Bollworms
10 b) Intercropping Crop intensification in both time and space dimensions. The two crops should not have the same pest problems (like Tomatoes and Okra are effected by same fruit borer) Nutrient need of two crops should not be same or they should extract nutrients from different layers of soil (shallow & deep root crop). If one crop is tuber (Potato, Onion) other should be fruit bearing (Tomato, Brinjal). Better to have a row of crops which acts as pest repellent like Garlic, Marigold, Onion etc.
11 Sorghum + Redgram
12 Advantages 1.Additional yield income/unit area than sole cropping. 2.Insurance against failure of crops in abnormal year. 3.Soil fertility maintained as the nutrient uptake is made from both layers of soil 4.Reduction in soil runoff and controls weeds. 5.Intercrops provide shade and support to the other crop. 6.Utilizes resources efficiently and their productivity is increased 7.Intercropping with cash crops is higher profitable. 8.Helps to avoid inter-crop competition and thus a higher number of crop plants are grown per unit area.
13 Disadvantages 1. Yield may decrease as the crops differ in their competitive abilities. 2.Management seems to be difficult task having different cultural practices 3. Improved implements cannot be used efficiently. 4. Higher amount of fertilizer or irrigation water cannot be utilized properly as the component crops vary in their response of these resources. 5. Harvesting may be difficult.
14 c) Barrier crops The barrier can consist of a relatively tall species that is planted around the perimeter of a primary crop. Living barriers include graminaceous species, like sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense), corn (Zea mays) and elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum). Has been successful for vector management with nonpersistent aphid transmitted viruses as aphids lose their infectivity few minutes after acquisition.
15 Napier Border Cropping
16 As trap crop Life stages As Banker crop Support NE s As Ecofeast crop Sacrifice crop Maize around cotton field (decrease sucking pest and H. armigera) Castor in Groundnut, cotton (suppress Spodoptera)
17 Maize around cotton field
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