World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

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1 WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Kannahi et al. SJIF Impact Factor Volume 4, Issue 09, Research Article ISSN EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIZER, VERMICOMPOST, BIOCOMPOST AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZER ON DIFFERENT MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF LYCOPERSICUM ESCULENTUM L. M. Kannahi* and R. Ramya. PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Sengamala Thayaar Educational Trust Women s College, Mannargudi, Tamilnadu, India. Article Received on 18 July 2015, Revised on 07 Aug 2015, Accepted on 27 Aug 2015, *Correspondence for Author Dr. M. Kannahi PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Sengamala Thayaar Educational Trust Women s College, Mannargudi, Tamilnadu, India. ABSTRACT The present study was aimed with analyse the plant growth by using different types of fertilizers. Biofertilizer was collected from Biofertilizer production Unit, Needamangalam, Thiruvarur District. Vermicompost and Biocompost was collected from Biominin Laboratry, S.T.E.T Women s College, Mannargudi. Chemical fertilizer were collected from Fertilizers production Unit, Pamani, Mannargudi. The samples were subjected to analyze the physic-chemical parameters include ph, Temperature, Moisture and Electrical conductivity before and after treatment. Estimation of Nitrogen, potassium, Phosphorus and Carbon were assessed by titrimetric and turbidity method respectively. The effect of fertilizers on growth of Lycopersicum esculentum was determined by pot culture experiment. After the growth of 45th day seedlings the better response observed in morphological and phytochemical characteristics of were recorded in Biofertilizer(T1), Vermicompost(T3) and Biocompost(T4) than other treatments. KEY WORDS: Biofertilizer, Vermicompost, Biocompost, and Lycopersicum esculentum. INTRODUCTION The tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) is an important vegetable crop worldwide. Its cultivation has spread throughout the world occupying an area of 3.5 x 10 6 ha -1 with the production of 1x 10 6 tons (FAO,2010). In India, it occupies an area of 0.54 million ha with a Vol 4, Issue 09,

2 production of 7.60 million ton with an average yield of tons per ha -1 (Anonymous, 2006).Tomatoes, aside from being tasty and nutritious as they are, among other nutrient, a good source of vitamins A and C and lycopene content. Hence, this crop is gaining importance both in developing and developed countries and efforts are being made for the quality and quantity production of this commodity. [1] Biofertilizer is a natural product carrying living microorganisms derived from the root or cultivated soil. So they don t have any ill effect on soil health and environment. Besides their role in atmospheric nitrogen fixation and phosphorous solubilization, these also help in stimulating the plant growth hormones providing better nutrient uptake and increase tolerance towards drought and moisture stress. A small dose of biofertilizer is sufficient to produce desirable results because each gram of carrier of biofertilizers contains at least 10 million viable cells of specific strain. [2] Azospirillum are the two most important non-symbiotic N-fixing bacteria in non-leguminous crops. Under appropriate conditions, Azospirillum can enchance plant development and promote the yield of several agricultural important crops in different soils and climatic regions. The beneficial effects of Azospirillum on plant are attributed mainly to an improvement in root development an increase in the rate of water and mineral uptake by roots displacement of fungi and plant pathogenic bacteria and to a lesser extent biological nitrogen fixation. [3] India has made spectacular break through in production and consumption of fertilizers during the last four decades. But consumption of renewable form of energy (chemical fertilizers) will be quite a limiting factor for increasing agriculture production in future. Because of escalating energy cost, chemical fertilizers are not available at affordable prices to the farmers. Moreover, the unbalanced and continuous use of chemical fertilizers is leading to a reduction in the crop yields and results in imbalance of nutrients in the soil which has adverse effects on soil health. Good quality farm yard manure (FYM) is more valuable organic manure. The long term manorial studies conducted at many places have revealed the superiority of integrated nutrient supply system in sustaining crop productivity in comparison to chemical fertilizer alone. The production of vegetables with minimum chemical residues and avoiding environmental pollution requires minimizing the use of chemicals during the production Vol 4, Issue 09,

3 process including minimizing the use of chemical fertilizers. Poor soil fertility that requires the addition of high levels of chemical fertilizers. Using bio-fertilizers may help reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers added to the soil and improve tomato production under sandy soil condition. [4] Vermicompost as a mesophilic product by biodegradation of organic material through interactions between earthworms and microorganisms. There is the presence of nutrients such as nitrates, phosphates and exchangeable calcium and soluble potassium in vermicompost. Vermicompost contains plant growth influencing materials produced by microorganisms. The main objectives of the present study were to access the effects of the application of different ratios of vermicompost amended with soil on the growth, yield and quality of tomato plants under field conditions. The main goal of horticultural nurseries is to produce quality seedling with target morphological and physiological features that guarantee crop success after transplanting. [5] Vermicompost contains rich in available carbon and nitrogen. Worm cast incorporated soils are also rich in water soluble and contained two to three times more available nutrients than surrounding soils. This encourages better plant growth. Application of Vermicompost along with chemical fertilizers recorded higher yield of tomato. Higher fruit yield per plant in chilli with the application of 27 kg nitrogen and 27 kg phosphorus in addition to a basal dose of FYM at 10 loads per acre, recorded significantly highest fruit yield of tomato.[6] Bio-waste is defined as biodegradable garden and park waste, food and kitchen waste from households, restaurants, caterers and retail premises, and comparable waste from food processing plants. It does not include forestry or agricultural residues, manure, sewage sludge, or other biodegradable waste such as natural textiles, paper or processed wood. It also excludes those by-products of food production that never become waste. [7] The use of compost in horticulture has shown to be occasionally limited by the high electrical conductivity and the excessively high amount of certain ions causing phytotoxicity as a consequence of the chemical properties of the initial waste and/or inadequate operation processes. These adverse effects, although possible, are less likely to occur when vermicompost is used as potting amendment. The continued use of chemical fertilizers causes health and environmental hazards such as ground and surface water pollution by nitrate leaching. So, reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizers applied to the field Vol 4, Issue 09,

4 without a nitrogen deficiency will be the main challenge in field management. One of the possible options to reduce the use of chemical fertilizer could be recycling of organic wastes. [8] Objectives of the Present study conduct the pot culture experiment for analyzing the ability of biofertilizer, chemical fertilizer, Vermicompost and biocompost on tomato plant (Lycopersicum esculentum L ).To compare the effect of Biofertilizer, Chemical fertilizer, Vermicompost and Biocompost on plant growth in separate form.to study the growth parameters, such as height of plants, number of leaves, number of roots, root length and shoot length.to analyze the phytochemical contents such as chlorophyll, carbohydrate, protein and carotenoids. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection of Fertilizers Azospirillum was collected from Biofertilizer production unit, Needamangalam in Thiruvarur district, Tamil Nadu. Pamani complex (Chemical fertilizer) was collected from Pamani fertilizer Production Unit, Mannargudi, Thiruvarur district, TamilNadu. Vermicompost and biocompost was collected from Biominin laboratory, S.T.E.T Women s College, Sundarakkottai, Thiruvarur District and Tamil Nadu. PLANT MATERIAL Tomato seeds (Lycopersicum esculentum L) were collected from seed centre, Pattukkottai. The seeds were sown in pots for seed germination. After that the plant were used for research purpose. ANALYSIS OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS [9] Before and after treatment of fertilizers the physicochemical parameters were studied. They were, ph, Temperature, Carbon, Pottasium, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Moisture. POT CULTURE EXPERIMENT After seedlings of Lycopersicum esculentum were transplanted in five pots of equal size 20 cm in height and 6 cm in dm. The pots were provided with water facilities. There were 5 treatments resulting from Biofertilizer, Vermicompost, Biocompost and Chemical fertilizer and control. The pots were maintained in the open shade at the temperature of 27 C - 30 C. Vol 4, Issue 09,

5 After 15 th, 30 th and 45 th days of growth, 2 plants per pot were removed from all samples and studied for the following morphological parameters. They were, Height of the plant (in cm), Number of leaves (per plant), Number of roots (per plant), Shoot length (cm) and Root length (in cm). PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS Chlorophyll [10], Carotenoid [11], Carbohydrate [12] and Protein [13] were determined (Table 3). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS [14] Statitical analysis was performed by calculating Mean ± standard deviation. The formula for calculating standard deviation = S.D = n-1 Where, X Arithmatic mean. X Number of all values. N Total number of observation. 2 RESULT AND DISCUSSION The present study was carried out with the Biofertilizer, Vermicompost, Biocompost and Chemical fertilizer on Lycopersicum esculentum L. The Biofertilizer is increased the Morphological and Phytochemical parameters in many crop plants. Vermicompost and Biocompost also increased the plant nutrients. Soil organic matter can be improved by adding Biofertilizer, Vermicompost and Biocomposted organic wastes or biodegradable products.. A lot of research has been done to describe the benefits of organic amendments in improving the three important aspects of soil, including physical, chemical and biological but depend on quantity and composition. In the present study, Biofertilizer, Vermicompost and Biocomposted organic fertilizer application provoked a significant improvement in physical and phytochemical parameters of experimental plants as compared to control plants treated with organic fertilizer and it was clearly indicated that addition of may increase the organic content of soil. Application of Biofertilizer, Vermicompost and Biocompost from different sources is one of the traditional methods to improve the crop yield. Vol 4, Issue 09,

6 Analysis of Physico Chemical Parametres The physicochemical parameters were of pot culture soil analysed before and after treatment. After the treatment, the ph level was slightly increased and reached neutral ph. The physico chemical parameters were calculated as follows, ph (6.8), Temperature (8.1 ), Moisture (62), Electrical conductivity ( ), Nitrogen (89.9), Phosphorus (80.5ppm), Potassium (39 ppm), Carbon (0.98). POT TREATMENT The effect of fertilizers on the growth of Lycopersicum esculentum was studied and compared with control. After growth of Lycopersicum esculentum, 15 th, 30 th and 45 th day to observe the morphological parameters and phytochemical analysis. After 45 th day of growth, the better response observed in Height (15.9±2.32), Number of leaves (20.3±1.14), Shoot length (13.5±03.2) and Root length (10.11±2.0) were recorded in T1 than other treatments include T2, T3, T4 and Control. Table 1 Effect of various fertilizer on morphological parameters of Lycopersicum esculentum (45 th day). 1 Height of the plant (cm) Number of leaves plant Shoot length (cm) Root length(cm) Number of roots plant T1 15.9± ± ± ± ±4.5 T2 11± ± ± ± ±12.1 T3 14.4± ± ± ± ±5.5 T4 12±4.4cm 15.56± ± ± ±12.3 T5 8± ± ± ± ±11.2 Values are triplicates, mean ± standard deviation. T1 Biofertilizer (Azospirillum). T2 Chemical fertilizer (pamini complex). T3 Vermicompost. T4 Biocompost. T5 Control. Vol 4, Issue 09,

7 Table 2 Effect of fertilizers in Phytochemical constituent of Lycopersicum esculentum (45 th day). Treatment Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Total Carbohydrate Carotenoids Chlorophyll (mg) (mg) Protein (µg g) T1 12± ± ± ± ± ± 0.05 T ± ± ± ± ±0.05 T ± ± ± ± ± ± T ± ± ± ± ±0.50 T ± ± ± ±0.53 Values are triplicates, mean ± standard deviation. T1 Biofertilizer (Azospirillum). T2 Chemical fertilizer (pamini complex). T3 Vermicompost. T4 Biocompost. T5 Control. Nowadays, farmers are interested in reducing dependence on chemical inputs, so rather than chemical control such as agriculture practices, sanitation, biological control, resistant cvs., soil solarization ect could be exploded to play an important role in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) systems, especially in case of vegetable production. A model describing the several steps required for a successful IPM has been developed. [15] The experiment on the plant tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) is done in natural environmental condition to evaluate the advantage of bio-fertilizer upon the inorganic fertilizer. After getting the results of the experiments, it is clear that the bio-fertilizer shows better results than the inorganic fertilizer. Since Green Revolution the inorganic fertilizers are used in large amount to increase the yield of the crops. In all the agriculture sectors of India, the use of these fertilizers by farmers is increasing day by day to increase the yield and economy. Using inorganic fertilizers farmers can increase the yield of crops but the soil pollution is also increased with this day by day. The use of inorganic fertilizers is increased 6-8 times from the time of green revolution. These fertilizers not only affect the soil but also influence the characteristics and the product of the crop. Fertility of the soil increases due to the continuous use of the fertilizers but it also reduces the crop productivity. The main reason of reduction in crop productivity is due to soil pollution. Soil pollution is caused due to the use of inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemicals etc. [16] Vol 4, Issue 09,

8 The intensive agricultural practices prevalent in the modern times are heavily dependent on the application of chemical inputs; including fertilizers, 162 which affect soil health and fatigue in the long run. During the last few decades, a significant increase in growth and yield of agronomically important cereal crops and improved soil fertility, in response to inoculation with PGPR has been reported. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most prominent food crops globally, and represents the staple diet for almost half of the human population of the world. It is estimated that there will be about 8 million people by the year 2020 of which 760 million tons of rice. Wheat is the staple food for 35% of the world s population. It provides more calories and proteins in the diet than any other crop. Soil microorganisms are very important in the biogeochemical cycles of both inorganic and organic nutrients in the soil and in the maintenance of soil health and quality. [17] CONCLUSION In this present study, Biofertilizer (Azospirillum), Vermicompost and Biocompost are environmental friendly and low cost. The physicochemical parameters such as ph, Temperature, Electrical conductivity, Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorus, Calcium and Magnesium were tested. The seedling of Lycopersicum esculentum was transplanted in four pots of equal size, which were noted as (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5). The seedling of pots were treated with Biofertilizer, Vermicompost, Biocompost and Chemical fertilizer and the uninoculated pot were denoted as control. Then the fertilizers could enhance the morphological parameters such as height of the plant, number of leaves, number of roots, shoot length and root length were analyzed at 45 th day. The pots were compared to chemical fertilizer. Thus, it can be said that for obtaining maximum fruit yield as well as profit from, Biofertilizer, Vermicompost and Biocompost. The fertilizer are increased the soil fertility and growth promoting substances. The yield was positively influenced by the Biofertilizer, Vermicompost and Biocompost. The Biofertilizer, Vermicompost and Biocompost could be recommended to farmers to insure the public health and a sustainable agriculture. The application of inorganic Chemical fertilizers was thus significantly reduced. This helps in the realization of environmental friendly and sustainable agriculture. From our results it can be concluded that application is to increase growth parameters and numbers of tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum L) over the inorganic fertilizer and Vol 4, Issue 09,

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