SCALES INSECT CONTROL ON LANDSCAPE ORNAMENTALS SCALES. Tea Scale 2/13/2012. Will Hudson Extension Entomologist

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1 SCALES INSECT CONTROL ON LANDSCAPE ORNAMENTALS Will Hudson Extension Entomologist Most move only as crawlers May be found on stems or foliage Honeydew is a problem with soft scales Protective cover makes control difficult Crawler stage is most vulnerable Emergence time varies by species Most are easy to see Double-sided tape can be used Natural enemies often take care of the problem SCALES Tea Scale 1

2 Scale Control Horticultural oils are primary tool Lowest risk Mixes Orthene (organophosphate) for tea scale Malathion for general crawler control Merit/ Bayer Advanced for soft scales Highly toxic to worms, potential bee impacts Distance (pyriproxfen): toxic to fish Safari (dinotefuran): highly toxic to bees, highly water soluble CATERPILLARS Many kinds are common Usually only infest a few plants at a time Hand pick or spot spray if you can Can be severe on bedding plants Caterpillar control Most contact insecticides work well Sevin Pyrethroids Conserve (spinosad) eco-friendly materials effective on small worms B. t. s (Dipel, etc.) Naturalis-O (B. bassiana) Growth regulators Dimilin (difulbenzuron) Confirm (tebufenozide) 2

3 AZALEA LACE BUG Very common Damage is unsightly, but not fatal Early treatment avoids long-lasting damage Look for crawlers around bloomtime Systemic insecticides best Lantana Lace Bug Smaller than ALB Attack all cultivars of Lantana, but prefers evergreen varieties Feeds on foliage and developing flowers Often stops blooming entirely Orthene, imidacloprid applied when detected give good control ASIAN AMBROSIA BEETLE Tunnels go into heartwood Developing larvae feed on ambrosia fungus on tunnel walls May carry pathogenic spores also AAB Adult ASIAN AMBROSIA BEETLE Attacks occur in early spring in nursery stock Usually associated with stress in landscape Attacks not necessarily fatal Pyrethroids provide best control 3

4 BORERS Peachtree Borer Both beetles and clear-wing moths are problems Usually attack weak or stressed plants Control is difficult or impossible once the larvae are in the tree Traditional barrier sprays worked well, but the materials are no longer available Pyrethroids are best bet now Dogwood Borer Oak Borer Flat-headed Apple Borer Pine Sawyer 4

5 Borer Control Permethrin for general barrier spray Imidacloprid for FHAB, other flat-headed borers, some clearwings Minimize plant stress! Aphids Wooly Aphids Bark Aphids 5

6 This image cannot currently be displayed. Aphid Control Systemic insecticides are very effective Merit/Bayer Advanced Orthene Contact insecticides Water spray if the plant can take it Soaps, oils no residual control. May burn plants. Biological control Whitefly Whiteflies Two main species: greenhouse silverleaf Location makes control difficult Coverage is vital, or go systemic Bandedwinged whitefly Greenhouse whitefly Silverleaf whitefly Insecticides Spider Mites Systemic imidacloprid (Marathon) pymetrozine (Endeavor) pyriproxifen (Distance) acephate (Orthene, etc) Contact soaps & oils pyrethroids Beauveria neem products growth regulators (Enstar II, etc) Very wide host range short life cycle - as little as 5 days prone to resistance development Rotation of miticides a necessity 6

7 Mites Mites Two Spotted spider mite most common Other spider mites, tarsonemids, eriophyids Very short life cycle Hard to detect - on underside of leaf Damage - stippling noted on upper leaf surface, distorted new growth, curling of leaf, & webbing. Spider Mite Damage Miticides Kelthane Vendex Avid Floramite Pylon Akari Hexygon Ovation Soaps Horticultural oils Naturalis-O Neem products Fire ants Fire ant mound Quarantine concerns 2-step program is very effective: broadcast baits every 6 months treat individual mounds Biocontrol 7

8 Fire ants swarming Fire Ant Control 2-step program Baits twice per year Mound treatments for established colonies Broadcast treatments Bifenthrin Fipronil products The Latest on the Fire Ant Wars Search for biological controls Go to the source Two species of phorids are promising 8

9 A New Twist Two different microsporidians associated with fire ant decline of % How to transmit the disease? One can be put on phorid flies Argentine Ants Seem to displace fire ants BUT Colonies can be huge They often invade homes They often tend colonies of aphids and other honeydew producing insects 9

10 Dr. Paul Guillebeau